Dentate nucleus: a review and implications for dentatotomy.

Purpose: The dentate nucleus (DN) is the largest, most lateral, and phylogenetically most recent of the deep cerebellar nuclei. Its pivotal role encompasses the planning, initiation, and modification of voluntary movement but also spans non-motor functions like executive functioning, visuospatial processing, and linguistic abilities. This review aims to offer a comprehensive description of the DN, detailing its embryology, anatomy, physiology, and clinical relevance, alongside an analysis of dentatotomy.

Improvement of metabolic syndrome and its components in patients who underwent transsphenoidal resection for pituitary adenoma.

Background: Pituitary adenomas (PA) are neoplasms of pituitary adenohypophyseal cell lineage, which are the third most common cause of brain tumors among adults. Due to hormone secretion, PAs are closely related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the relationship between these two entities has been scarcely studied to date.

Corrigendum: Deep brain stimulation neuromodulation for the treatment of mood disorders: obsessive compulsive disorder and treatment resistant depression.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.

Comparison of microvascular decompression, percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy, and stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: A long term quasi-experimental study.

Background: Microvascular decompression (MVD), radiofrequency rhizotomy (RFR), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are surgical techniques frequently used in the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN), although the results reported for each of these are diverse.

Objective: This study aimed to compare long-term pain control obtained by MVD, SRS, and RFR in patients with idiopathic TN.

Methods: To compare the results obtained by MVD, SRS, and RFR we chose a quasi-experimental, ambispective design with control groups but no pretest.

Innovative perspectives in limbic surgery using deep brain stimulation.

Limbic surgery is one of the most attractive and retaken fields of functional neurosurgery in the last two decades. Psychiatric surgery emerged from the incipient work of Moniz and Lima lesioning the prefrontal cortex in agitated patients. Since the onset of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery with Spiegel and Wycis, the treatment of mental diseases gave attention to refractory illnesses mainly with the use of thalamotomies.

Intracranial Rosai Dorfman disease - A rare differential diagnosis of multiple meningiomas: a case report.

Rosai Dorfman Destombes (RDD) disease is a non-Langerhans histiocytosis. The central nervous system is affected in < 5% of cases. We report the case of a 59-year-old man, who began 8 months before admission with headache, diminished visual acuity in the temporal hemifields, hyposmia, and seizures.

Rate of residual neuromuscular block using single-dose rocuronium in general anesthesia for ENT surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: NMB facilitates intubating conditions in general anesthesia. However, it is associated with significant residual postoperative paralysis and morbidity.

Objective: To investigate the rate of underdiagnosed residual NMB based on two TOFR criteria (< 0.

Sexual dysfunction worsens both the general and specific quality of life of women with irritable bowel syndrome. A cross-sectional study.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and sexual dysfunction (SxD) lowers quality of life (QOL) separately, but the effect of their overlap in unselected populations has not been studied.

Objective: To evaluate the QOL of IBS women with and without SxD and compare it with controls.

Methods: In this cross-sectional assessment, we studied 51 IBS women (Rome IV criteria) and 54 controls.

Concordance and diagnostic yield of stereotactic biopsies for posterior fossa: Technique and experience in a reference hospital.

Aim: Describe our stereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) technique for intra-axial lesions of the posterior fossa, evaluate its effectiveness and safety, and compare them with other series.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study in ten consecutive patients, whose variables were age, gender, location of the lesions, clinical, radiological, and histopathological diagnoses, complications, and mortality, for analysis using descriptive statistics and tests of concordance and diagnostic validity.

Results: Lesions were pontine in seven cases, and pontomedullary in three occasions, with histopathological diagnoses of four Grade II astrocytomas, two Grade IV astrocytomas, two infectious process, one neuroblastic tumor, and one cavernous malformation, whose frequency differs from the previous reports (χ = 0.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Current Status and Future Trends.

A comparative analysis of the targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and the rationale for its use is presented, with an emphasis on the latency to obtain the significant antiepileptic effect and the long-term seizure control. The analysis includes consideration of surgical techniques currently used to optimize antiseizure effects and decrease surgical risks. Seizure control is similar for programed DBS and DBS responsive to abnormal cortical or subcortical electroencephalogram (EEG) activity.

Optimizing deep brain stimulation for the treatment of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: a pilot study.

Objective: The authors sought to determine the antiseizure effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) for treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Methods: After a 3-month baseline period, 6 adult patients with drug-resistant MTLE and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) had stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)-DBS electrodes implanted at the PHC for identification of the seizure onset zone (SOZ). Patients entered an 8-month, randomized, double-blind protocol for DBS, followed by a 12-month open-phase study.

Stereotactic biopsy for intracranial space occupying lesions: Experience in a referral hospital in Mexico.

Background: Stereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) is used for establishing the histological diagnosis of intracranial lesions that are not amenable for a direct surgical approach.

Objective: The objective of the study was to describe our experience having an evaluation of the biopsy sample by a neuropathologist during SBB.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 140 consecutive patients who underwent SBB between 2014 and 2018 in whom trans-operatory analysis of the sample was performed.

Specific movement and disability improvements in Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale derived from pallidotomy in refractory patients to medical treatment.

Background: Dystonia is a movement disorder associated with significant disability and is usually refractory to medical treatment. Pallidotomy may decrease dystonic movements. The aim of this study was to quantify movement and disability improvements through Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS).

Hemorrhagic stroke associated to COVID-19 infection in Mexico General Hospital.

IntroducciÓn: en la actual pandemia de COVID-19, existe evidencia creciente que ha identificado el neurotropismo del virus SARS-CoV-2 y sus complicaciones neurológicas, incluida la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica y escasamente hemorragia cerebral (HC).

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas, radiológicas, de laboratorio y pronósticas de los pacientes con HC asociada al SARS-CoV-2.

MÉtodos: se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con prueba de PCR confirmatoria para infección por SARS-CoV-2 y HC.

Planned Gamma Knife Boost After Chemoradiotherapy for Selected Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal Cancers.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of a Gamma Knife boost after intensity-modulated radiation therapy in combination with multimodal therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and sinonasal malignancies with skull base or cavernous sinus involvement.

Methods: Nine patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy followed by a Gamma Knife boost. In one case Gamma Knife was given as salvage treatment after resection.

Prelemniscal Lesion for Selective Improvement of Parkinson Disease Tremor.

Background: Selective improvement of symptoms may be required when treating Parkinson disease (PD) patients with a predominantly monosymptomatic clinical picture.

Objective: To define a target in prelemniscal radiation fibers (Raprl) related to the physiopathology of tremor evidenced by tractography.

Case Report: We report a patient with predominant unilateral rest and postural tremor, diagnosed as PD based on 80% improvement induced by the administration of L-DOPA/carbidopa, subsequently complicated by motor fluctuations, L-DOPA dyskinesia, and a reduced ON period.

Three consecutive neurotomies in one patient for the treatment of spastic hemiplegia: Spinal, median, and foot toes common flexor.

Background: Neurotomies were one of the first procedures performed in the field of functional neurosurgery. Microstimulators and microscopes facilitate the performance of neurotomies to treat focal spasticity. This report shows how three different consecutive neurotomies were performed in one patient with chronic left upper/lower extremity spasticity.

Intraventricular Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma): Shall GFAP Immunostaining Be Regarded as a Histogenetical Tag or as a Mere Histomimetical Trait?

Neurilemmomas are benign neoplasms presumedly derived from Schwann cells which rarely originate within the central nervous system. Moreover, their intraventricular location has been seldom noticed with less than 30 cases reported worldwide. Here, we add another case study to the record as well as the fifth one in Latin American population.

Short-Spindled Cell Haemangioblastoma with CD34 Expression: New Histopathological Variant or Just a Stochastic Cytological Singularity?

Haemangioblastomas are neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis with cellular and reticular variants advocated in current lore. Herein we describe an intriguing cerebellar specimen with unusual traits including spindle cell morphology and CD34 positivity. A thirty-nine-year old man had an infratentorial tumour discovered incidentally and resected three times.

Unilateral Stimulation of Prelemniscal Radiations for the Treatment of Acral Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: Long-Term Results.

Background: Prelemniscal radiations (Raprl) have been proposed as a target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We evaluated effectiveness of this target through UPDRS-III in patients treated with Raprl deep brain stimulation (Raprl-DBS) and followed from 24 to 48 months.

Methods: Nineteen patients in Hoehn-Yahr stages II-III were implanted with tetrapolar deep brain stimulation electrodes in Raprl contralateral to the extremities with more prominent symptoms.

Anatomic characterization of prelemniscal radiations by probabilistic tractography: implications in Parkinson's disease.

To characterize the anatomical connectivity of the prelemniscal radiations (Raprl), a white matter region within the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) that is an effective neurosurgical target for treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion-weighted images were acquired from twelve healthy subjects using a 3T scanner. Constrained spherical deconvolution, a method that allows the distinction of crossing fibers within a voxel, was used to compute track-density images with sufficient resolution to accurately delineate distinct PSA regions and probabilistic tractography of Raprl in both hemispheres.

Erratum: WHO Grade IV Gliofibroma: A Grading Label Denoting Malignancy for an Otherwise Commonly Misinterpreted Neoplasm.

[This corrects the article on p. 325 in vol. 49, PMID: 26081826.

Metabolic Changes Induced by Electrical Stimulation of Prelemniscal Radiations for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease.

Objective: The aim of this work was to study mechanisms of action of electrical stimulation of prelemniscal radiations (Raprl) in the treatment of Parkinson disease, using 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT). Materialand Methods: Five patients with PD and predominant unilateral tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) in contralateral Raprl that improved symptoms from 82.4 to 94.