Discrepancies between subjective and objective sleep assessments revealed by in-home electroencephalography during real-world sleep.

Sleep insufficiency and sleep disorders pose serious health challenges. This study aimed to determine the potential discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep assessments, including the latter made by physicians, by analyzing a 421-participant dataset in Japan comprising multiple nights of in-home sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) data and questionnaire responses on sleep habits or subjective experiences. We employed logistic regression models to examine which subjective and objective sleep parameters physicians are paying attention to when assessing sleep insufficiency, insomnia, sleep quality, and sleep apnea.

Masticatory performance indicates the development of psychological frailty: A 6-year prospective cohort study by the SONIC study group.

Purpose: Although the association between oral health and physical frailty is well established, psychological frailty has not been investigated. Therefore, this prospective cohort study was conducted to examine the association between masticatory performance and psychological frailty in older community-dwelling Japanese individuals.

Methods: The participants included 498 older adults who completed baseline and 3- and 6-year follow-up surveys.

Androgen receptor and osteoglycin gene expression predicting prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer.

This study aimed to identify the predictive factors associated with the oncological outcomes of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer-related genes. A nomogram for predicting prostate cancer-specific survival (CSS) was constructed based on biopsy samples obtained from 103 patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. We analyzed the association between clinical data and mRNA expression levels.

Therapeutic Agents and Patient Characteristics Affecting Metabolism ofThiopurines in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objectives: In inflammatory bowel disease therapy, thiopurines have been essential.　However, several reports have investigated factors affecting thiopurine metabolism to date.　This study investigated factors affecting intracellular concentrations of 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) in a real-world setting.

Astragaloside IV inhibits vascular calcification through estrogen receptor alpha.

Astragaloside IV (As-IV), a key component of traditional Japanese Hozai tonics, has a steroid skeleton like estrogen. It inhibits vascular calcification via estrogen receptor α, offering cardiovascular benefits. However, its estrogen-like properties promote breast cancer cell proliferation.

Inhibition of PSF activity overcomes resistance to treatment in cancers harboring mutant p53.

Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor genes are prevalent in aggressive cancers. Pharmacological reactivation of dysfunctional p53 due to mutations is a promising strategy for treating such cancers. Recently, a multifunctional proline- and glutamine-rich protein, PTB-associated splicing factor (PSF), was identified as a key driver of aggressive cancers.

Interrater agreement and variability in visual reading of [18F] flutemetamol PET images.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the concordance of visual ratings of [18F] flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) images and to investigate the correlation between the agreement of each rater and the Centiloid (CL) scale.

Methods: A total of 192 participants, clinically classified as cognitively normal (CN) (n = 59), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 65), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 55), or non-AD dementia (n = 13), participated in this study. Three experts conducted visual ratings of the amyloid PET images for all 192 patients, assigning a confidence level to each rating on a three-point scale (certain, probable, or neither).

Effects of fermented milk intake and physical activity on the suppression of age-related decline in physical fitness among the elderly.

Physical deterioration in the elderly can lead to disability and mortality. Although the intake of fermented milk has been recently attracting attention as a proposed measure to prevent physical weakness, studies and findings are limited. Here, we investigated the effect of intake of fermented milk products on suppression of age-related decline in physical fitness through a long-term epidemiological study of community-dwelling elderly people who are capable of independent living.

Association between serum vitamin D levels and skeletal muscle indices in an older Japanese population: The SONIC study.

Aim: Vitamin D (VD) affects skeletal muscles. The high prevalence of VD deficiency in Japan may lead to decreased skeletal muscle mass and strength, increasing the prevalence of sarcopenia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between serum VD levels and skeletal muscle indices in a Japanese community-dwelling older population.

Frailty Trajectories and Its Associated Factors in Japanese Older Adults.

Background: Associated factors for frailty development according to age group remain unclear.

Objectives: To identify frailty score trajectories among community-dwelling older Japanese individuals and examine their associated factors.

Design: 13-year longitudinal study.

Risk factors predicting subtypes of physical frailty incidence stratified by musculoskeletal diseases in community-dwelling older adults: The SONIC study.

Aim: This study aims to identify the key risk factors that lead to subtypes of physical frailty assessed by walking speed and grip strength among community-dwelling Japanese individuals, stratified by the presence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) and age group.

Methods: We included 302 participants aged 70 or 80 years who did not exhibit subtypes of physical frailty at baseline through the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians, Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. Our study was a longitudinal study.

Hyperactivity of the medial thalamus in patients with photophobia-associated migraine.

Objective: To examine cerebral functional alterations associated with sensory processing in patients with migraine and constant photophobia.

Background: Migraine is a common headache disorder that presents with photophobia in many patients during attacks. Furthermore, some patients with migraine experience constant photophobia, even during headache-free intervals, leading to a compromised quality of life.

Association of oral frailty with medical expenditure in older Japanese adults: The study of late-stage older adults in Tottori (START Tottori).

Objects: This study aimed to determine the association between annual medical expenses and oral frailty in later-stage older adults (aged ≥ 75 years). No studies have investigated the association between medical costs and oral frailty, which would elucidate the association between oral frailty and the deterioration of mental and overall physical function.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2190 adults (860 men and 1330 women aged 75-94 years) covered by the Medical System for the Elderly and residing in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, between April 2016 and March 2019, were included.

MRI detection of mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) on T1WI-CHESS.

Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE) is a recently proposed epileptogenic entity that is difficult to detect on MRI. We present a case of MOGHE that was successfully detected on T1WI-chemical shift-selective saturation (CHESS) MRI. The clinical presentation, MRI including T1WI-CHESS, functional images, and pathology findings of a 14-year-old Japanese girl diagnosed with MOGHE are described.

Usefulness of the serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a blood biomarker for sarcopenia components among age groups in community-dwelling older people: The SONIC study.

Aim: The serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) or sarcopenia index is considered a useful marker of muscle mass. However, its usefulness in late-stage older adults remains unclear. We aimed to determine the usefulness of CCR as an indicator of sarcopenia in community-dwelling Japanese adults aged >75 years.

Safety profile of hypnotics or sedatives on community-dwelling older adults aged 75 or older in Japan: A retrospective propensity-matched cohort study.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess if daily use of hypnotics increases mortality, aspiration pneumonia and hip fracture among relatively healthy individuals aged 75 years or older who lead independent lives in the community.

Method And Patients: Of the adults aged 75 years or older residing in Hokkaido prefecture of Japan (n = 705,538), those who did not meet several exclusion criteria were eligible for generating propensity score-matched cohorts (n = 214,723). Exclusion criteria included co-prescribed medications acting on the central nervous system, diagnoses of malignant neoplasm, dementia, depression, etc.

Exploring the association between number of teeth, food intake, and cognitive function: A 9-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between the number of teeth, food intake, and cognitive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This 9-year longitudinal study included a total of 293 analyzable participants who participated in baseline and follow-up surveys. Dental status (number of teeth and periodontal pocket depth), dietary assessment using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, cognitive function, and the following confounding factors were evaluated: educational level, financial satisfaction, living situation, smoking and drinking habits, history of chronic diseases, apolipoprotein E-ε4 carrier, body mass index, handgrip strength, instrumental activities of daily living, and depressive symptomatology.