Unmasking the Origin of Cutaneous Metastasis: A Case Report.

Cutaneous metastasis typically represents a late manifestation of internal malignancy. We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with a history of cervical cancer who presented with lower abdominal pain. Imaging studies revealed a high-grade carcinoma involving the urothelium, suggestive of primary urothelial carcinoma.

Protein level of epithelial membrane protein (EMP) 1, EMP 2, and EMP 3 in carcinoma of unknown primary.

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is defined as a metastatic carcinoma whose primary site cannot be determined, and the absence of a known primary tumor in CUP poses a significant challenge in treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein level of epithelial membrane proteins (EMP) 1, EMP 2, and EMP 3 in CUP and explore their clinical implications. Tissue microarrays were constructed using samples from 72 CUP cases.

DNA methylation classifier to diagnose pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastases from different anatomical sites.

Background: We have recently constructed a DNA methylation classifier that can discriminate between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD) liver metastasis and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with high accuracy (PAAD-iCCA-Classifier). PAAD is one of the leading causes of cancer of unknown primary and diagnosis is based on exclusion of other malignancies. Therefore, our focus was to investigate whether the PAAD-iCCA-Classifier can be used to diagnose PAAD metastases from other sites.

Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary presenting with congestive heart failure in a middle-aged Ethiopian woman: a case report.

Background: Heart failure is a rare manifestation of metastatic disease of the carcinoma of an unknown primary, malignancy that requires extensive work-up to identify the primary site. Initial consideration of rare etiologies in patients presented with a common clinical syndrome is challenging.

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old Black woman presented with shortness of breath at rest, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, chest pain, a blood-tinged productive cough, and fever for 2 weeks.

Metastatic-Site Radiation Therapy for Ewing Sarcoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma: Consensus Guidelines From the National Pediatric Cancer Foundation.

Purpose: Despite the urgent need for improved outcomes in patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma (EWS) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), it is unknown how to best approach metastatic-site radiation therapy for these patients and whether such treatment provides a significant oncologic benefit that outweighs the toxicities.

Methods And Materials: We gathered a panel of pediatric radiation oncologists from academic hospitals to identify and discuss current controversies regarding the role of radiation in the management of metastatic EWS and RMS. The panel reviewed existing clinical data and ongoing trials to address 5 key questions: (1) the role of whole lung irradiation (WLI) in treating lung metastases; (2) the number of metastatic sites warranting radiation therapy and the radicality of such an approach; (3) radiation techniques, including stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT); (4) the timing of metastatic-site radiation therapy; and (5) the utility of metastatic-site radiation therapy for relapsed metastatic disease.

Comprehensive Literature Review on Melanoma of Unknown Primary Site Triggered by an Intriguing Case Report.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. While most melanomas have a discernible primary site, a small subset, approximately 3.2%, present as a metastatic disease without an identifiable primary origin, a condition known as melanoma of unknown primary (MUP).

The combination of p16 and Rb expression pattern is helpful to predict high-risk HPV infection and the primary site in lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma.

Identifying the primary site of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in lymph nodes can be challenging. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis recently revealed that high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) typically show overexpression of p16 protein and a partial loss pattern of Rb. Nevertheless, the status of these markers in metastatic lesions is still unclear.

Sample Site Impacts RNA Biomarkers for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Immunotherapy (ICIs) remains a mainstay for treatment of advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Biomarker analyses have demonstrated that gene expression profiles are associated with regimen-specific outcomes. These transcriptomic analyses used mixed sample cohorts (primary and metastatic tumor specimens) and it is unknown whether the clinical relevance of transcriptomic signatures is impacted by tissue site.

Diagnostic Utility of a 90-Gene Expression Assay (Canhelp-Origin) for Patients with Metastatic Cancer with an Unclear or Unknown Diagnosis.

Background: Metastatic cancers with unclear or unknown origins pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management, frequently leading to suboptimal outcomes. Studies have demonstrated that a 90-gene expression assay is effective in predicting the primary origin and guiding the site-specific therapy to improve prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a 90-gene expression assay in patients with unclear or unknown diagnoses.

Evaluating the Utility of F-FDG PET/CT in Cancer of Unknown Primary.

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) represents a heterogeneous group of metastatic tumors for which standardized diagnostic work-up fails to identify the primary site. We aimed to describe the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre experience with F-FDG PET/CT in extracervical CUP with respect to detection of a primary site and its impact on management. A secondary aim was to compare overall survival (OS) in patients with and without a detected primary site.

Personalized Therapy Selection by Integration of Molecular Cancer Classification by the 92-Gene Assay and Tumor Profiling in Patients With Cancer of Unknown Primary.

Purpose: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a syndrome comprising metastatic cancers without a clinically identified primary site. Although patients with CUP have an unfavorable prognosis, treatment with site-specific therapies guided by clinical features, standard pathology, and molecular assays can improve overall survival. The 92-gene assay (CancerTYPE ID) is a gene expression-based classifier that helps identify the tissue of origin for metastatic cancers with unknown or uncertain diagnoses.

Brief Communication: Treatment Outcomes for Advanced Melanoma of Unknown Primary Compared With Melanoma With Known Primary.

Most patients with advanced melanomas have a known primary site [melanoma of known primary (MKP)]. However, 2%-9% of patients are diagnosed with melanoma metastasis of unknown primary (MUP). As MUP and MKP have similar UV-induced mutations and molecular signatures, it is proposed that the primary tumor has regressed completely in patients with MUP.

PD-L1 expression associates with favorable survival of patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) not treated with checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous entity with limited overall survival (OS) in most patients. Prognostic biomarkers are needed, particularly for treatment stratification. We investigated the impact of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression as prognostic marker in immunotherapy-naïve CUP patients.

Mitochondrial complex I promotes kidney cancer metastasis.

Most kidney cancers are metabolically dysfunctional, but how this dysfunction affects cancer progression in humans is unknown. We infused C-labelled nutrients in over 80 patients with kidney cancer during surgical tumour resection. Labelling from [U-C]glucose varies across subtypes, indicating that the kidney environment alone cannot account for all tumour metabolic reprogramming.

Identifying the primary tumour in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) using [F]FDG PET/CT: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Purpose: In this systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, we analysed the diagnostic performance of [F]FDG PET/CT in detecting primary tumours in patients with CUP and evaluated whether the location of the predominant metastatic site influences the diagnostic performance.

Methods: A systematic literature search from January 2005 to February 2024 was performed to identify articles describing the diagnostic performance of [F]FDG PET/CT for primary tumour detection in CUP. Individual patient data retrieved from original articles or obtained from corresponding authors were grouped by the predominant metastatic site.

Unfavorable carcinoma of unknown primary with a gastrointestinal profile: a retrospective study.

Background: Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) with a gastrointestinal profile is categorized by the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines into favorable and unfavorable subsets. Favorable CUPs benefit from site-specific chemotherapy (CT), while the optimal treatment for unfavorable CUPs is still undefined.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study to describe outcomes of patients with CUP with a gastrointestinal profile referred to our center from January 2000 to August 2023.

Site-specific therapy guided by a 90-gene expression assay versus empirical chemotherapy in patients with cancer of unknown primary (Fudan CUP-001): a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Empirical chemotherapy remains the standard of care in patients with unfavourable cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Gene-expression profiling assays have been developed to identify the tissue of origin in patients with CUP; however, their clinical benefit has not yet been demonstrated. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of site-specific therapy directed by a 90-gene expression assay compared with empirical chemotherapy in patients with CUP.

Application of Transcriptome-Based Gene Set Featurization for Machine Learning Model to Predict the Origin of Metastatic Cancer.

Identifying the primary site of origin of metastatic cancer is vital for guiding treatment decisions, especially for patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Despite advanced diagnostic techniques, CUP remains difficult to pinpoint and is responsible for a considerable number of cancer-related fatalities. Understanding its origin is crucial for effective management and potentially improving patient outcomes.

Unveiling the Metabolic Maze: FDG PET/CT Findings in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis - A Case Series.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), the spread of cancer cells in the peritoneum, is a significant concern in advanced gastrointestinal and gynecological cancers. This case series includes findings on the appearance and pattern of PC on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (F-FDG PET/CT). The primary sources of peritoneal dissemination are direct invasion from abdominal or pelvic tumors and metastatic spread from distant tumors.