Impact of Hepatoblastoma on Infectious Complications Following Pediatric Liver Transplantation.

Background: Liver transplantation is the standard therapy for end-stage liver disease in pediatric patients with biliary atresia (BA), congenital and metabolic conditions, and for an unresectable malignant tumor like hepatoblastoma (HB). BA is the leading indication for pediatric liver transplantation, while HB is the most common childhood liver cancer. Despite improved outcomes through advanced surgical techniques and novel immunosuppression, pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) is complicated by post-transplant infections.

Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women.

Rationale: Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk. Alendronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs, which inhibit bone resorption by interfering with the activity of osteoclasts (bone cells that break down bone tissue). This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2008.

[Significance and methodology of monitoring calcemia in disorders of mineral metabolism: challenges and prospects].

Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism can cause severe complications that require changing of therapeutic strategies and a long treatment in a hospital. The prevalence of diseases accompanied by calcium metabolism disorders varies from low to moderate. For example, primary hyperparathyroidism, as one of the most common causes of pathological changes in calcium metabolism due to parathyroid hormone hypersecretion, occurs with a frequency of 85 to 233 cases per 100 thousand people.

Tissue-specific effects of dietary protein on cellular senescence are mediated by branched-chain amino acids.

Dietary protein is a key regulator of healthy aging in both mice and humans. In mice, reducing dietary levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) recapitulates many of the benefits of a low protein diet; BCAA-restricted diets extend lifespan, reduce frailty, and improve metabolic health, while BCAA supplementation shortens lifespan, promotes obesity, and impairs glycemic control. Recently, high protein diets have been shown to promote cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging implicated in many age-related diseases, in the liver of mice.

Cuproptosis Cell Death Molecular Events and Pathways to Liver Disease.

Chronic liver disease ranks as the 11th leading cause of death worldwide, while hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality, representing a substantial risk to public health. Over the past few decades, the global landscape of chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), liver fibrosis, and HCC, has undergone substantial changes. Copper, a vital trace element for human health, is predominantly regulated by the liver.

The Relationship of Fatty Liver with Body Composition Indices in Individuals with Metabolic Disorders - A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to screen fatty liver in individuals with metabolic disorders, and to investigate the use of some anthropometric calculations and body composition indices in demonstrating fatty liver disease.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included 224 participants with metabolic diseases. Anthropometric measurements of the participants were measured.

Proton pump inhibitors and all-cause mortality risk among cancer patients.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used, including among cancer patients, to manage gastroesophageal reflux and other gastric acid-related disorders. Recent evidence suggests associations between long-term PPI use and higher risks for various adverse health outcomes, including greater mortality.

Aim: To investigate the association between PPI use and all-cause mortality among cancer patients by a comprehensive analysis after adjustment for various confounders and a robust methodological approach to minimize bias.

Interplay between energy metabolism and NADPH oxidase-mediated pathophysiology in cardiovascular diseases.

Sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance in the antioxidant system have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially when combined with diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and other metabolic disorders. Among them, NADPH oxidases (NOX), including NOX1-5, are major sources of ROS that mediate redox signaling in both physiological and pathological processes, including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and remodeling. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondria produce more proteins and energy in response to adverse stress, corresponding with an increase in superoxide radical anions.

Cross-sectional study on prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes among patients with hypertension attending St. Orsola Catholic Mission Hospital, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya.

Introduction: according to the World Health Organization (WHO), Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) were a major cause of death in 2022 accounting for 4 million (74%) of deaths worldwide. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the two illnesses that are not contagious but linked closely. The objective of the research was to establish the prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes among patients with hypertension attending St.

The short-, medium-, and long-term prevalence of physical health comorbidities in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) face an increased risk of physical comorbidities, notably cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, respiratory disorders, and certain types of cancer. Previous reviews report pooled physical health prevalence from chronic psychosis and FEP groups. By contrast, this review will focus on antipsychotic-naïve FEP cohorts and incorporate data from observational longitudinal studies and antipsychotic intervention studies to understand the progression of physical health comorbidities from the onset to later stages of psychosis.

Clonal Hematopoiesis Associates with Prevalent and Incident Cardiometabolic Disease in High-Risk Individuals.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is the age-related presence of expanded somatic clones secondary to leukemogenic driver mutations and is associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease and mortality. We sought to evaluate relationships between CHIP with cardiometabolic diseases and incident outcomes in high-risk individuals.

Methods: CHIP genotyping was performed in 8469 individuals referred for cardiac catheterization at Duke University (CATHGEN study) to identify variants present at a variant allele fraction (VAF) ≥2%.

Development and Evaluation of Aloperine-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Objective: This study focuses on the development and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with aloperine as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods: The NLCs were designed to enhance the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of aloperine, a compound with vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Through a series of experiments including single-factor experimentation, transmission electron microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution studies, we assessed the physicochemical properties, drug release profiles, and in vitro and in vivo performance of this novel nanocarrier.

MAFLD: Exploring the Systemic Effects Beyond Liver.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing global health concern which is driven by the increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity. MAFLD is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, which encompasses a range of conditions, from simple hepatic steatosis to more severe forms. This condition is associated with various complications, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), liver cirrhosis, and even malignancy.

Metastatic Insulinoma Managed With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Young Female Patient.

Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms and causes of hypoglycemia. They present with neuroglycopenic symptoms, including confusion and seizures. Suspected diagnosis must be confirmed through bloodwork and imaging.

Serum metabolomic signatures of patients with rare neurogenetic diseases: an insight into potential biomarkers and treatment targets.

Introduction: To further advance our understanding of Muscular Dystrophies (MDs) and Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCAs), it is necessary to identify the biological patterns associated with disease pathology. Although progress has been made in the fields of genetics and transcriptomics, there is a need for proteomics and metabolomics studies. The present study aimed to be the first to document serum metabolic signatures of MDs (DMD, BMD, and LGMD 2A) SCAs (SCA 1-3), from a South Asian perspective.

From past to present: tracing the trends of diabetes drug trials in mainland China.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the changing trend of diabetes drugs clinical trials in China during 2013-2023, and provided a reference for the research and development of diabetes drugs.

Methods: Diabetes drug clinical trial data were obtained from the registration and information disclosure platform of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2023. Trends of clinical trials on diabetes drugs were systematically analyzed in terms of characteristics, trial design, time trends, drug type, and indications.

The relationship between dietary inflammatory index and all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortality in adults with metabolic syndrome: a cohort study of NHANES.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and mortality resulting from all-cause and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adults affected by metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: The focus of this study was to analyze the information of 13,751 adults who had been diagnosed with MetS. DII scores were computed based on a 24-hour dietary intake at the start of the study.

Nutritional risk and HbA1c as critical risk factors and predictors of opportunistic infections in HIV-DM comorbid patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: The clinical characteristics and risk factors for opportunistic infections in HIV patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus are unclear and worth studying. Explore the risk factors and construct a predictive model for opportunistic infections in HIV-DM patients.

Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 1,669 HIV-DM admitted to the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from December 2018 to November 2023.

Association between the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio and incidence of gout: A nationwide cohort study.

Introduction: The global burden of gout, a severe and painful arthralgia, is of note and is expected to increase in the future. We aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio, a simple and validated biomarker for insulin resistance, and the incidence of gout in a longitudinal setting in the general population.

Methods: Our study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database of Republic of Korea (2002-2019).

Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes has become a global pandemic, posing a sustained threat to human health, primarily due to its associated complications. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a prevalent cardiac complication among patients with diabetes. Since most patients are asymptomatic and lack relevant biomarkers, LVDD has not attracted significant attention from clinicians.

A nomogram for predicting bladder dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study.

Background: Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a common urinary complication in diabetic patients, significantly affecting their overall well-being and quality of life, and placing a considerable burden on healthcare resources. Early prevention is crucial; however, the absence of a simple and effective tool to predict DBD onset remains a significant challenge. This study aims to identify risk factors for DBD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to develop a predictive nomogram for clinical application.

Gender difference in metabolic syndrome and quality of life among elderly people in Noakhali, Bangladesh.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that significantly heighten the risk of non-communicable diseases, affecting the quality of life (QOL) of millions, including the elderly. Hence, the study aims to assess the prevalence of MetS and its impact on QOL among elderly population, with a focus on gender differences.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 400 elderly participants sought care at Noakhali General Hospital, Noakhali, Bangladesh.

Lipidomics-based natural products for chronic kidney disease treatment.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is by far the most prevalent disease in the world and is now a major global public health problem because of the increase in diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Traditional biomarkers of kidney function lack sensitivity and specificity for early detection and monitoring of CKD progression, necessitating more sensitive biomarkers for early diagnostic intervention. Dyslipidemia is a hallmark of CKD.

PPARG/SPP1/CD44 signaling pathway in alveolar macrophages: Mechanisms of lipid dysregulation and therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease. It is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis in the lung parenchyma and interstitium. Given its poor prognosis and limited treatment options, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of perineural dextrose injection in peripheral compression neuropathies of the upper limbs.

Background: Entrapment neuropathies, marked by nerve compression at various anatomical sites, can be effectively managed using conservative approaches like injections. Dextrose 5 % water injection has emerged as a potential therapy by reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. We aimed to evaluate dextrose injection's efficacy in treating entrapment neuropathies in upper extremities.