Navigating new threats: Prey naïveté in native mammals.

Invasive predators pose a substantial threat to global biodiversity. Native prey species frequently exhibit naïveté to the cues of invasive predators, and this phenomenon may contribute to the disproportionate impact of invasive predators on prey populations. However, not all species exhibit naïveté, which has led to the generation of many hypotheses to explain patterns in prey responses.

Disparities in time to treatment initiation of invasive lung cancer among Black and White patients in Tennessee.

Background: Early initiation of treatment for lung cancer has been shown to improve patient survival. The present study investigates disparities in time to treatment initiation of invasive lung cancer within and between Black and White patients in Tennessee.

Methods: A population-based registry data of 42,970 individuals (Black = 4,480 and White = 38,490) diagnosed with invasive lung cancer obtained from the Tennessee Cancer Registry, 2005-2015, was analyzed.

The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on PTSD and depression symptoms in trauma-exposed black adults: Pilot randomized controlled trial results.

Low-income, urban-dwelling Black adults are disproportionately affected by traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression and encounter inequities in treatment access. In addition to the benefits Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for depression, there is preliminary evidence of successful symptom reduction in PTSD via MBCT across two prior pilot studies in veterans. Studies examining the effects of MBCT among trauma-exposed Black adults remains limited, and examination of effects across specific PTSD clusters is almost nonexistent.

Differentiated thyroid cancer in adolescents - does extent of disease at presentation differ with age?

Objectives: The authors sought to assess whether the age of 18 reflects a true pathological inflection point that justifies transitioning between pediatric and adult paradigms of care with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients aged 12-24 undergoing hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy for papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma from 2010 to 2020.

Results: A total of 153 patients receiving surgery for DTC were assessed for pathological stage, nodal metastasis, and thyroid neoplasm characteristics.

Current state of APPE-readiness assessments in schools or colleges of pharmacy.

Objective: To determine components and assessments included in Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) readiness plans in United States Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs.

Methods: An electronic survey was emailed to the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Laboratory Instructors Special Interest Group. Survey items included demographic information about the program, APPE-readiness plan implementation status and components.

From classroom to community: A college of pharmacy's faculty and student participation at a harm reduction coalition.

Background And Purpose: Harm reduction is a paradigm that promotes safer drug consumption to maximize individuals' overall wellbeing. Equipping pharmacy faculty and students to engage in harm reduction can play a key role in addressing substance use disorders and facilitating meaningful educational experiences.

Educational Activity And Setting: Within the context of a 5-week ambulatory care advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE), an APPE faculty preceptor and students engaged a harm reduction coalition with two primary objectives: street outreach initiatives and packaging of safer drug using kits.

Sutureless FOCUS harmonic scalpel versus clamp-and-tie techniques for thyroidectomy: A meta-analysis of 43 randomized controlled trials.

Background: One of the most important surgical steps during thyroidectomy is the safe ligation of vessels. In fact, it is crucial to avoid postoperative bleeding and nerves' injury. The "clamp and tie" technique was first introduced in the 19th century.

Biased agonism at free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFA4/GPR120).

Free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFA4), previously known as GPR120, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by medium-to-long chain free fatty acids (FFAs), including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats, many of which (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids) are critical contributors to human health and disease.

Challenges and Lessons Learned in Managing Web-Based Survey Fraud for the Garnering Effective Outreach and Research in Georgia for Impact Alliance-Community Engagement Alliance Survey Administrations.

Background: Convenience, privacy, and cost-effectiveness associated with web-based data collection have facilitated the recent expansion of web-based survey research. Importantly, however, practical benefits of web-based survey research, to scientists and participants alike, are being overshadowed by the dramatic rise in suspicious and fraudulent survey submissions. Misinformation associated with survey fraud compromises data quality and data integrity with important implications for scientific conclusions, clinical practice, and social benefit.

Advanced transdermal drug delivery system: A comprehensive review of microneedle technologies, novel designs, diverse applications, and critical challenges.

Transdermal drug delivery presents numerous advantages over conventional administration routes, including non-invasiveness, enhanced patient adherence, circumvention of hepatic first-pass metabolism, self-administration capabilities, controlled release, and increased bioavailability. Nevertheless, the barrier function of stratum corneum limits this strategy to molecules possessing requisite physicochemical attributes. To expand the field of transdermal delivery, researchers have pioneered physical enhancement techniques, with micron-sized needles emerging as a particularly promising platform for the transdermal and intradermal delivery of therapeutic agents across a spectrum of molecular sizes.

Role of Fatty Acids β-Oxidation in the Metabolic Interactions Between Organs.

In recent decades, several discoveries have been made that force us to reconsider old ideas about mitochondria and energy metabolism in the light of these discoveries. In this review, we discuss metabolic interaction between various organs, the metabolic significance of the primary substrates and their metabolic pathways, namely aerobic glycolysis, lactate shuttling, and fatty acids β-oxidation. We rely on the new ideas about the supramolecular structure of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (respirasome), the necessity of supporting substrates for fatty acids β-oxidation, and the reverse electron transfer via succinate dehydrogenase during β-oxidation.

Pathophysiology of Angiotensin II-Mediated Hypertension, Cardiac Hypertrophy, and Failure: A Perspective from Macrophages.

Heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic/systolic dysfunction. These changes share many pathological features with significant inflammatory responses in the myocardium. Among the various regulatory systems that impact on these heterogeneous pathological processes, angiotensin II (Ang II)-activated macrophages play a pivotal role in the induction of subcellular defects and cardiac adverse remodeling during the progression of heart failure.

Clinical Outcomes Following Optical Coherence Tomographic Versus Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) are adjunctive intracoronary imaging modalities used to optimize coronary stent implantation. However, the impact of OCT versus IVUS on clinical outcomes and periprocedural complications is unclear.

Aims: To perform a meta-analysis of all vetted randomized controlled trials comparing OCT-guided versus IVUS-guided percutaneous coronary intervention.

Activation of cellular responses by cyclic dinucleotides and lipopolysaccharide: a proteomic study on gingival fibroblasts.

Background: Bacterial cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) upregulate interferon signaling proteins of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). However, the simultaneous effect of bacterial CDNs and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the HGF proteome is unknown.

Aim: The aim was to apply an unbiased proteomics approach to evaluate how simultaneous exposure to CDNs and (Pg) LPS affect the global proteome of HGFs.

Semaglutide and Postoperative Outcomes in Non-Diabetic Patients Following Body Contouring Surgery.

Background: Semaglutide is a medication used for weight loss in obese patients. Recently, many plastic surgeons have recommended its use of semaglutide following bariatric surgery to increase one's weight loss. However, postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence, delayed healing, and infection pose significant risks.

Allostatic Load, Educational Attainment, and Risk of Cancer Mortality Among US Men.

Importance: Health disparities among racial and ethnic minoritized populations, particularly for cancer mortality rates, remain a major public health concern. Men from underrepresented backgrounds (Black and Hispanic men, specifically) face the pervasive effects of discrimination in their daily lives, which also contribute to the complex associations among allostatic load (a marker of chronic stress), educational opportunities, and elevated risks of cancer mortality.

Objective: To elucidate the associations among educational attainment, allostatic load, and cancer mortality risk among men.

ortholog of the Muller D element .

The feature with Gene ID 108083276 was determined to be an ortholog of absent, small, or homeotic discs 1 ( ). Two isoforms, ash1-PB and ash1-PC, were constructed on the Muller D element using the GEP annotation protocol. The second coding exon of includes an insertion translated into 18 additional amino acids compared to the protein and is supported by RNA-Seq coverage, the lack of splice junction predictions, and multiple gene predictors.

Preliminary reference values for Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in Congolese individuals with and without dementia.

Background: Western countries have provided reference values (RV) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarkers, but there are not available in Sub-Saharan African populations.

Objective: We provide preliminary RV for AD and other plasma biomarkers including amyloid- (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated tau-181 and 217 (p-tau181, p-tau217), neurofilament light (Nfl), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin 1b and 10 (IL-1b and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) in Congolese adults with and without dementia.

Methods: 85 adults (40 healthy and 45 dementia) over 50 years old were included.

The Surgeon's Role in Disaster and Counterterrorism Medicine.

Medical and surgical care remain a critical feature of disaster preparedness. The evolution of modern warfare introduces elements manifesting as both domestic and foreign terrorism. The fields of disaster and counterterrorism medicine continue to evolve in response to these looming threats.

Replantation of middle fingertip following complete Tamai Zone 2 amputation and eschar development: A clinical case report.

Introduction: Fingertip injuries are common, and proper management depends on the type of injury and the long-term function. This case report presents a challenging fingertip replantation of the middle finger with single artery anastomosis, which was complicated by an eschar and progressed to healing after six months of post-operative care.

Case Presentation: A 27-year-old man came with a left middle fingertip amputation distal to the distal interphalangeal joint (Tamai zone 2).

Sotorasib for the treatment of locally advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation is prognostic of poor survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). KRAS G12C mutations occur in 13% of NSCLC cases and despite the frequency of this mutation, advances in drug development against KRAS have historically been impeded due to the extremely high affinity of KRAS for guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and the lack of a binding pocket on the surface of KRAS that is suitable for drug binding. Sotorasib, a first-in-class, highly selective KRAS G12C inhibitor overcomes this issue by irreversibly binding in the switch-II pocket.

Artificial intelligence: Applications in cardio-oncology and potential impact on racial disparities.

Numerous cancer therapies have detrimental cardiovascular effects on cancer survivors. Cardiovascular toxicity can span the course of cancer treatment and is influenced by several factors. To mitigate these risks, cardio-oncology has evolved, with an emphasis on prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications resulting from the presence of cancer and cancer therapy.