Montessori education's impact on academic and nonacademic outcomes: A systematic review.

Background: Montessori education is the oldest and most widely implemented alternative education in the world, yet its effectiveness has not been clearly established.

Objectives: The primary objective of this review was to examine the effectiveness of Montessori education in improving academic and nonacademic outcomes compared to traditional education. The secondary objectives were to determine the degree to which grade level, Montessori setting (public Montessori vs.

U.S. county level analysis to determine If social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of social distancing in the United States (U.S.).

Development of a Plasma Screening Panel for Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Metabolomics.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children, but diagnosis is challenging due to limited availability of noninvasive biomarkers. Machine learning applied to high-resolution metabolomics and clinical phenotype data offers a novel framework for developing a NAFLD screening panel in youth. Here, untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on plasma samples from a combined cross-sectional sample of children and adolescents ages 2-25 years old with NAFLD (n = 222) and without NAFLD (n = 337), confirmed by liver biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging.

Psychotherapy for mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes: a narrative review.

Background: Athletes, like non-athletes, suffer from mental health symptoms and disorders that affect their lives and their performance. Psychotherapy, either as the sole treatment or combined with other non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies, is a pivotal component of management of mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes. Psychotherapy takes the form of individual, couples/family or group therapy and should address athlete-specific issues while being embraced as normative by athletes and their core stakeholders.

A Cell-Cell Communication Marker for Identifying Targeted Tumor Therapies.

Cell-cell communication through gap junctions is aberrant or absent in a majority of human cancer cells, compared to cells in corresponding normal tissues. This and other evidence has led to the hypothesis that gap junction channels, comprised of connexin proteins, are important in growth control and cancer progression. The major goal of this ongoing study was to identify bioactive compounds that specifically upregulate gap junction channel-mediated cell-cell communication as potential anti-tumor therapies.

Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation of gentamicin sulphate loaded albumin microspheres.

The aim of this investigation was to prepare and evaluate microsphere formulations of gentamicin using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a polymer matrix and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. Microsphere formulations of gentamicin were prepared using a spray dryer and were evaluated for product yield, encapsulation efficiency, particle size and in vitro drug release. The anti-microbial testing was performed using a modified Kirby-Bauer technique which showed that encapsulated gentamicin had an equivalent anti-microbial activity against E.

Specificity of effects of chronically administered diazepam on the responding of rats under two different spaced-responding schedules.

Lever pressing of rats was maintained in different chambers during two different sessions each day. At 0900 h, responding was maintained under a two-component multiple schedule in which responses initiated an interval that had to elapse before delivery of food (time delay of 20 s and 40 s). In this schedule, a 'response-pause' sequence preceded reinforcers, and acutely administered diazepam only decreased responding.

Specificity of chronic effects of diazepam on responding of rats under fixed-ratio schedules.

Behavioral effects of diazepam were studied in rats responding in different daily sessions using different operant chambers and manipulanda. In one experiment, key pressing was maintained in a first session under a 40-response fixed-ratio schedule; lever pressing was maintained in a second session under a 40-response fixed-ratio schedule; and a third session consisted of a multiple schedule comprising both key and lever pressing maintained under a 40-response fixed-ratio schedule. In a second experiment, the first session consisted of a multiple schedule with both key and lever pressing maintained under a 40-response fixed-ratio schedule and the second session consisted of lever pressing maintained under a 40-response fixed-ratio schedule.

Clinical implications of increased antipsychotic plasma concentrations upon anticonvulsant cessation.

Plasma antipsychotic concentrations were measured in five patients when their anticonvulsant medications were discontinued. Plasma antipsychotic concentrations increased by two- to five-fold at 4 weeks after cessation. All patients demonstrated either moderate or marked improvement as antipsychotic plasma concentrations increased.