Network integration and segregation changes in schizophrenia: impact of electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Studies have confirmed brain network topology disruption in schizophrenia (SZ). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) rapidly improves acute psychiatric symptoms, yet the exact mechanism by which it impacts brain network topology in SZ patients remains unclear. This study aims to explore topological changes in SZ patients' whole-brain functional networks during ECT, ultimately elucidating implicated neurological mechanisms.

[Anxiety and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Elite Athletes].

Physical activity is recommended as a strategy for promoting mental health, and it can even be integrated into treatment plans for psychiatric disorders affecting the general population. However, elite athletes are a subpopulation with protective and risk factors inherent to high-level competition and are not shielded from psychiatric symptoms and conditions. The mental health of elite athletes has been the subject of increasing attention, driven in part by the initiatives of the International Olympic Committee and the growing importance of sports psychiatry.

Reliability and validity of five balance assessments battery in individuals with schizophrenia.

This study examines the test-retest reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity of Star excursion balance test (SEBT), One-leg stance (OLS), Functional reach test (FRT), Timed up-and-go test (TUG), and Tandem walking test (TW) in individuals with schizophrenia. Thirteen participants with schizophrenia who had a history of falls and 13 age-matched controls with schizophrenia who had no history of falls received the five balance assessments battery to establish test-retest reliability. A force platform was administered to examine concurrent validity, while balance assessment performance between fallers and non-fallers was examined for discriminant validity.

Comprehensive Symptom Prediction in Inpatients With Acute Psychiatric Disorders Using Wearable-Based Deep Learning Models: Development and Validation Study.

Background: Assessing the complex and multifaceted symptoms of patients with acute psychiatric disorders proves to be significantly challenging for clinicians. Moreover, the staff in acute psychiatric wards face high work intensity and risk of burnout, yet research on the introduction of digital technologies in this field remains limited. The combination of continuous and objective wearable sensor data acquired from patients with deep learning techniques holds the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional psychiatric assessments and support clinical decision-making.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: The Role of Inflammation.

Background And Hypothesis: The complex immune-brain interactions and the regulatory role of mitochondria in the immune response suggest that mitochondrial damage reported in schizophrenia (SZ) may be related to abnormalities observed in immune and brain functions.

Study Design: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN), a biomarker of mitochondrial function, was assessed in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of 121 healthy individuals and 118 SZ patients before and after 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment, and a meta-analysis related to blood mtDNA CN was conducted. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in SZ patients were obtained from the medical record system.

A comparative analysis of burden of care and coping styles between wives of monosubstance- and polysubstance-dependent men.

Background: Polysubstance dependence has emerged as a clinically distinct entity from monosubstance dependence, yet its impact on patients' wives is understudied. Wives of substance-dependent men face a tremendous burden in their social lives, leading to faulty coping and burden of care. Comparative studies between monosubstances and polysubstances are lacking.

Therapeutic effects of probiotics on symptoms of depression in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of probiotics against the symptoms of depression in children and adolescents as well as to identify the potential confounders. Following PRISMA guidelines, major databases were searched for randomized controlled trials focusing on effects of probiotics against the symptoms of depression in children and adolescents to analyze the effect size (ES) for primary outcomes (i.e.

Italian Evaluation and Excellence in REMS (ITAL-EE-REMS): appropriate placement of forensic patients in REMS forensic facilities.

Background: We set out to assess the appropriateness of current placement of mentally disordered offenders allocated by the courts in Italy to REMS or to forensic community residences. We hypothesised that as in other countries, the match between a standardised assessment and the decision of the court would be imperfect.

Methods: The DUNDRUM Toolkit was translated into Italian.

Prebiotic inulin alleviates anxiety and depression-like behavior in alcohol withdrawal mice by modulating the gut microbiota and 5-HT metabolism.

Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) is a common psychiatric disorder, often accompanied by anxiety and depression. These comorbidities are linked to disturbances in serotonin (5-HT) metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Clinical studies suggest that inulin, a prebiotic, can alleviate anxiety and depression in AD patients by affecting the gut microbiota, although the mechanisms remain unclear.

Role of Cariprazine in Managing and Preventing Refractory Catatonia: A Case Study.

This case study explores the management of a 22-year-old male patient diagnosed with recurrent refractory catatonia, a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by motor, behavioral, and autonomic disturbances often associated with bipolar disorder. Despite comprehensive investigations, including normal results in tests such as complete blood count (CBC), liver function tests (LFT), thyroid function tests (TFT), renal function tests (RFT), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CKP), and serum electrolytes, the patient's condition persisted. Initial treatments with conventional therapies, such as benzodiazepines, proved unsuccessful.

Bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and depression: Mechanisms and epidemiology.

Diabetes mellitus and depression exhibit a complex bidirectional relationship that profoundly impacts patient health and quality of life. This review explores the physiological mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine dysregulation, that link these conditions. Psychosocial factors such as social support and lifestyle choices also contribute significantly.

Redefining Cognitive Domains in the Era of ChatGPT: A Comprehensive Analysis of Artificial Intelligence's Influence and Future Implications.

Background And Objectives: Despite its extensive utilization, research on Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT)'s potential negative impact on specific cognitive processes is scarce. This article explores the widespread use of ChatGPT in educational, corporate, and various other sectors, focusing on its interaction with distinct cognitive domains such as attention, executive function, language, memory, visuospatial abilities, and social cognition.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, identifying 256 articles, with 29 peer-reviewed articles analyzed after screening for relevance.

Assessing the Usage and Usability of a Mental Health Advice Telephone Service in Uganda: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Harnessing mobile health (mHealth) solutions could improve the delivery of mental health services and mitigate their impact in Uganda and similar low-resource settings. However, successful adoption requires that mHealth solutions have good usability. We have previously implemented a telephone service to provide mental health information and advice in English and Luganda, utilizing an automated interactive voice response (IVR) system linked to live agents, including mental health care workers and peer support workers.

Exosomes Derived from DPA-treated UCMSCs Attenuated Depression-like Behaviors and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Depression Induced by Chronic Stress.

Depression is characterized by both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Exosomes (Exo) have been shown to function as inhibitors of inflammation and promoters of neurogenesis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid, can combat depression by increasing levels of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA).

Cortical folding in distinguishing first-episode bipolar and unipolar depression.

Backgrounds: Clinical studies to date have yet to establish distinct boundaries between depression in bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD), leading to misdiagnoses and even exacerbation of the conditions. This study aimed to explore the distinctions in the local gyrification index (LGI) between BD and UD, and to evaluate its potential diagnostic value as a biomarker.

Methods: LGI values across 68 cortical regions were measured from 42 patients with BD, 45 patients with UD, and 45 healthy controls (HCs) based on the Desikan-Killiany atlas.

CUMS induces depressive-like behaviors and cognition impairment by activating the ERS-NLRP3 signaling pathway in mice.

Background And Objective: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), as a primary defense mechanism against stress, is closely related to mental disorders, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. This research seeks to explore the influence of ERS-nucleotide-bound oligomerized domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling on mice's depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment.

Design And Method: We carried out a study on 32 male C57BL/6J mice to investigate how chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) can give rise to depressive-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction, randomly dividing them into control, model, inhibitor, and agonist groups.