13,470 results match your criteria: "Meningococcemia"

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

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Children and adolescents who are being treated or have been treated for acute leukemia have a secondary immunodeficiency linked to chemotherapy, resulting in an increased risk of infections. Some of which can be prevented by vaccination but its effectiveness is not optimal during chemotherapy. Upon cessation of chemotherapy, the time required for immune reconstitution varies from three months to more than a year, depending on lymphocyte subpopulations, the patient's age, and the intensity of the treatment received.

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Epidemics and outbreaks caused by the dengue virus pose risks to populations and have high mortality rates, causing burdens and economic costs worldwide. Brazil recently experienced an explosive increase in the number of dengue cases and fatalities. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can progress to severe forms.

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Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2023.

Commun Dis Intell (2018)

December 2024

World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for STI and AMR, Sydney and Neisseria Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, NSW Health Pathology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, 2031, NSW Australia.

In Australia, both probable and laboratory-confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). When compared to 2022, the number of IMD notifications in 2023 increased by 14% to 143. Laboratory confirmation of IMD occurred in 140/143 (98%) of these cases, with 64% (90/140) diagnosed by bacterial culture and 36% (50/140) by nucleic acid amplification testing.

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Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a life-threatening yet vaccine-preventable disease, with vaccines approved and recommended in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This study assessed complications, mortality, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and healthcare costs among a sample of commercially-insured individuals living in the United States who experienced IMD. We used retrospective data from large claims databases limited to individuals with IMD covered by commercial health plans between January 2010-March 2022.

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BackgroundWithin the International Health Regulations framework, the French High Council for Public Health was mandated in 2022 by health authorities to establish a list of priority infectious diseases for public health, surveillance and research in mainland and overseas France.AimOur objective was to establish this list.MethodsA multi-criteria decision analysis was used, as recommended by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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Two meningococcal serogroup B vaccines are licensed for use in the United States. In August 2024, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) changed the label for the meningococcal serogroup B MenB-4C vaccine (Bexsero) from a 2-dose schedule (intervals of 0 and ≥1 month) to a 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) and added a 3-dose schedule (0, 1-2, and 6 months), based on new immunogenicity data. On October 24, 2024, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to update its recommendations for the MenB-4C dosing interval and schedule to align with the new FDA label.

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Article Synopsis
  • Novel STI prevention methods like doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) and meningococcal B vaccination (4CMenB) are being explored to help control STIs, especially among men and gender-diverse individuals in the UK.
  • A survey involving 1,106 participants found that only 34% were aware of antibiotic PEP, with just 8% having reported ever using it; however, 51% expressed an intention to use doxyPEP and 64% for 4CMenB.
  • Higher rates of PEP usage and intention to use doxyPEP and 4CMenB were associated with higher sexual risk behaviors and participants who were already using other preventative measures like
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Global epidemiology of serogroup Y invasive meningococcal disease: a literature review.

Epidemiol Infect

December 2024

Vaccine Medical Development and Scientific/Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA.

Serogroup epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is constantly evolving, varying by time and location. Surveillance reports have indicated a rise in meningococcal serogroup Y (MenY) in some regions in recent years. This systematic literature review explores the evolving epidemiology of MenY IMD globally based on review of recent articles and national surveillance reports published between 1 January 2010 and 25 March 2021.

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Infections in sickle cell disease.

Haematologica

November 2024

Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Red Cell Haematology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the commonest severe inherited disorders in the world. Infection accounts for a significant amount of the morbidity and mortality, particularly in sub- Saharan Africa, but is relatively poorly studied and characterized. Patients with SCD have significant immunodeficiency and are more likely to suffer severe and life-threatening complications of infection, and additionally infections can trigger complications of SCD itself.

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Meningococcal Surveillance Australia: Reporting period 1 April to 30 June 2024.

Commun Dis Intell (2018)

November 2024

The World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for STI and AMR and Neisseria Reference Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.

The reference laboratories of the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme (AMSP) report data on the number of cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) confirmed by laboratory testing using culture and molecular based techniques. Data contained in quarterly reports are restricted to a description of case numbers of IMD by jurisdiction and serogroup, where known and expanded in 2024 to include antimicrobial resistance data for ceftriaxone, penicillin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. A full analysis of laboratory confirmations of IMD in each calendar year is contained in the AMSP annual reports.

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Meningococcal Surveillance Australia: Reporting period 1 January to 31 March 2024.

Commun Dis Intell (2018)

November 2024

The World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for STI and AMR and Neisseria Reference Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.

The reference laboratories of the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme (AMSP) report data on the number of cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) confirmed by laboratory testing using culture and molecular based techniques. Data contained in quarterly reports are restricted to a description of case numbers of IMD by jurisdiction and serogroup, where known and expanded in 2024 to include antimicrobial resistance data for ceftriaxone, penicillin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. A full analysis of laboratory confirmations of IMD in each calendar year is contained in the AMSP annual reports.

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Stage I of this study (NCT04142242) demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT) and immune persistence 3 and 6-7 years after priming in older adults who received either quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) or MenACYW-TT at ≥56 years of age. Stage II, reported here, assessed the antibody persistence after MenACYW-TT versus MPSV4 priming and the safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of MenACYW-TT in older adults 5 years after primary vaccination with either MPSV4 or MenACYW-TT. A serum bactericidal assay (hSBA) was used to measure functional antibodies against each serogroup immediately before MenACYW-TT booster vaccination and on day (D) 30 post-booster.

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Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease, Japan, 2013 to 2023.

Euro Surveill

November 2024

Center for Field Epidemic Intelligence, Research and Professional Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • * Over the last decade, 274 IMD cases were reported, predominantly in older males, with an overall low incidence rate and no outbreaks linked to mass gatherings.
  • * The incidence of IMD in Japan is low compared to higher incidence countries, with a significant decline noted post-2020; the predominance of serogroup Y and the importance of continued surveillance for effective disease management were highlighted.
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Gonorrhoea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a common sexually transmitted infection. Increasing multi-drug resistance and the impact of asymptomatic infections on sexual and reproductive health underline the need for an effective gonococcal vaccine. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Neisseria meningitidis induce modest cross-protection against gonococcal infection.

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Article Synopsis
  • Factor H-Binding Protein (fHbp) is essential for the effectiveness of MenB-fHbp vaccines, as its expression on bacteria is crucial for inducing a strong immune response.* -
  • A study analyzing 451 invasive group B meningococcal strains found that 92% expressed fHbp above a critical threshold, indicating they could potentially be targeted by the vaccine.* -
  • While regions like England, Wales, and Italy showed high fHbp expression, Spain had more lower-expressing strains, suggesting variations in vaccine coverage and the need for improved predictive methods based on genetic factors.*
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Objectives: To evaluate the tolerability of crovalimab versus eculizumab in C5 inhibitor (C5i)-naive and -experienced patients with PNH from COMMODORE 2, 3 and 1 (NCT04434092, NCT04654468 and NCT04432584).

Methods: Pooled safety data were assessed in the total crovalimab and eculizumab populations and by C5i-naive versus C5i-switched status in patients receiving crovalimab. Analyses include 6.

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Background: Vaccination against 5 prominent meningococcal serogroups (A/B/C/W/Y) is necessary for broad disease protection. We report immunopersistence through 4 years after a 2-dose (6-month interval) pentavalent MenABCWY primary vaccine series and safety and immunogenicity of a booster administered 4 years after primary vaccination.

Methods: This randomized, active-controlled, observer-blinded study was conducted in the United States and Europe.

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Importance: Beginning in 2005, the US implemented routine immunization of adolescents with a quadrivalent conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD).

Objectives: To assess whether MenACWY immunization was associated with a reduced IMD burden among the US adolescent population and how the downward trajectory of IMD that began in the mid-1990s might have evolved in the absence of vaccination efforts.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this decision analytical study, a bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression model was developed to investigate the potential trajectory of IMD among US adolescents and young adults without vaccination and evaluate the direct association of vaccination with IMD burden.

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Background: 4CMenB appears to be effective in reducing (Ng) infections. Aims are to assess factors associated with breakthrough rectal Ng after 4CMenB and evaluate clinical and microbiological characteristics of breakthrough infections compared with before vaccination.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) vaccinated with 4CMenB (2 doses) between 2017 and 2023 at the San Raffaele Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute), Milan, Italy, and tested for rectal Ng.

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In Western Europe, many countries have robust and well-established surveillance systems and case reporting mechanisms. IMD incidence across Western Europe is low with a predominance of meningococcal serogroup B (MenB). Case confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing is often standardised in this region, with many countries also having robust vaccination programmes in place.

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