High-Grade Follicular Cell-Derived Non-Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Correlating Extent of Invasion and Mutation Profile with Oncologic Outcome.

The 2022 World Health Organization classification introduced the term high-grade follicular cell-derived nonanaplastic thyroid carcinoma (HGFCTC) to define invasive/infiltrative nonanaplastic thyroid carcinoma with high-grade features, including poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and high-grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Our objectives were to compare clinicopathological characteristics, oncologic outcomes, and mutation profiles among HGFCTC subgroups to better inform prognostication and treatment. In this single-center, retrospective cohort study of 252 patients who had surgery for HGFCTC from 1986 to 2020, we categorized HGFCTC and its related entity, "encapsulated noninvasive neoplasms of follicular cells with high-grade features," into five subgroups: (A) encapsulated noninvasive, (B) encapsulated with capsular invasion only (minimally invasive), (C) encapsulated angioinvasive with focal vascular invasion (VI), (D) encapsulated angioinvasive with extensive VI, and (E) infiltrative tumors.

Pre- and post-diagnosis body weight trajectories in patients with localized renal cell cancer.

Purpose: Obesity in mid-life is a well-established risk factor for developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, patients with RCC who are obese at the time of diagnosis have more favorable survival outcomes. To get better insight into the obesity paradox and determine the extent to which weight around diagnosis is stable, we examined pre- and post-diagnosis weight changes in patients with localized RCC.

Methods: We included 334 patients with localized RCC from the prospective cohort ReLife who self-reported body weight at multiple time points ranging from 2 years before to 2 years after diagnosis.

Imaging and management of complications post biliary-enteric anastomosis.

Biliary-enteric anastomosis is a common surgical procedure for benign and malignant pathologies involving bile ducts, pancreas and duodenum, as well as during liver transplantation. Imaging is key in detecting potential complications. Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear scintigraphy provide complementary information.

Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms during the Treatment for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Purpose Of Review: This narrative review aims to report upon the existing treatment evidence and strategies for managing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) during treatment, including transurethral resection and intravesical therapy. This review also attempts to examine novel approaches to mitigate treatment-related lower urinary tract symptoms and improve treatment adherence.

Recent Findings: There is sparse but promising evidence in improving LUTS secondary to intravesical therapy.

Glucarpidase for Treatment of High-Dose Methotrexate Toxicity.

High-dose methotrexate (MTX) results in high rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), neutropenia, and hepatotoxicity. Glucarpidase is a recombinant enzyme that cleaves MTX, but clinical data supporting its use are scarce. We examined the association between glucarpidase administration and outcomes in adults with MTX-AKI from 28 cancer centers across the U.

Mucin5AC promotes breast cancer brain metastasis through cMET/CD44v6.

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) brain metastasis (BrM) remains a significant clinical problem. Mucins have been implicated in metastasis; however, if they are also involved in BCBrM remains unknown. We queried BrM patient databases and found Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) to be upregulated and therefore sought to define the role of MUC5AC in BCBrM.

Patient-reported outcomes following ciltacabtagene autoleucel or standard of care in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-4): results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: In CARTITUDE-4, ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) significantly improved progression-free survival (primary endpoint; previously reported) versus standard of care in patients with relapsed, lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. We report here patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: In the ongoing, phase 3, open-label CARTITUDE-4 study, patients were recruited from 81 sites in the USA, Europe, Asia, and Australia, and were randomly assigned 1:1 to cilta-cel (target, 0·75 × 10 CAR-T cells/kg) or standard of care (daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone; pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone).

Advances and challenges in precision imaging.

Technological innovations in genomics and related fields have facilitated large sequencing efforts, supported new biological discoveries in cancer, and spawned an era of liquid biopsy biomarkers. Despite these advances, precision oncology has practical constraints, partly related to cancer's biological diversity and spatial and temporal complexity. Advanced imaging technologies are being developed to address some of the current limitations in early detection, treatment selection and planning, drug delivery, and therapeutic response, as well as difficulties posed by drug resistance, drug toxicity, disease monitoring, and metastatic evolution.

Advances in the treatment of high burden Follicular lymphoma: a Comprehensive review.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) represents the second most frequent type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the most common indolent histology. The disease course of FL is heterogeneous, likely resulting from diverse molecular and immunological features that drive a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. While some patients with low-volume and asymptomatic disease are suitable for observation, patients with high tumor burden, advanced-stage, or symptomatic disease more often necessitate treatment initiation.

Biologically-targeted discovery-replication scan identifies G×G interaction in relation to risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Inherited genetics represents an important contributor to risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE). Genome-wide association studies have identified ∼30 susceptibility variants for BE/EAC, yet genetic interactions remain unexamined. To address challenges in large-scale G×G scans, we combined knowledge-guided filtering and machine learning approaches, focusing on genes with (A) known/plausible links to BE/EAC pathogenesis (n=493) or (B) prior evidence of biological interactions (n=4,196).

Barriers to early detection: Insurance denials for breast MRI screening in women with germline BRCA1/2 mutations.

Objectives: Women with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (gBRCA1/2) are recommended to undergo annual breast MRI and mammography. Our objective was to describe the frequency of insurance denials for annual breast MRIs in women with gBRCA1/2 and determine denial trends.

Methods: Women with gBRCA1/2 following in a high-risk breast cancer clinic with breast MRIs ordered from 2020 to 2021 were identified and cross-referenced with a database of insurance denials.

Enhancing chemotherapy response prediction via matched colorectal tumor-organoid gene expression analysis and network-based biomarker selection.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents significant challenges in chemotherapy response prediction due to its molecular heterogeneity. Current methods often fail to account for the complexity and variability inherent in individual tumors.

Methods: We developed a novel approach using matched CRC tumor and organoid gene expression data.

Correction of Lower Lip Malposition With Fascia Lata Slings Following Anterior Mandibular Resection.

Lower lip malposition can occur after anterior mandibular resection as a result of the loss of soft tissue lip attachments. We report our technique of cranial suspension of the lower lip with fascia lata slings to improve lip position. Correction of lip ptosis results in cessation of drooling, improved oral intake, and restoration of facial aesthetics.

Clinicogenomic landscape of pancreatic adenocarcinoma identifies KRAS mutant dosage as prognostic of overall survival.

Nearly all pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are genomically characterized by KRAS exon 2 mutations. Most patients with PDAC present with advanced disease and are treated with cytotoxic therapy. Genomic biomarkers prognostic of disease outcomes have been challenging to identify.

Phase II Parallel Arm Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan-Hziy in Patients With Advanced Thymoma or Thymic Carcinoma.

Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including thymoma and thymic carcinoma, are rare thoracic tumors of the anterior mediastinum. For those with advanced disease, platinum-based chemotherapy is used as first-line treatment. However, there is no standard regimen established for TET at progression after initial therapy, and treatment options for advanced/recurrent TETs are limited.

Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide: A Quality-of-Life Evaluation and 2-Year Outcomes of BMT CTN 1703.

The BMT CTN 1703 phase III trial confirmed that graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus (Tac), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) results in superior GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) compared with Tac/methotrexate (MTX) prophylaxis. This companion study assesses the effect of these regimens on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Using the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Score and PROMIS subscales (physical function, GI symptoms, social role satisfaction) as primary end points and hemorrhagic cystitis symptoms and Lee subscales as secondary end points, responses from English and Spanish speakers were analyzed at baseline and days 100, 180, and 365 after transplant.

Incidence of Adjacent Synchronous Ipsilateral Infiltrating Carcinoma and/or Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Patients Diagnosed with Flat Epithelial Atypia by Core Needle Biopsy (TBCRC 034).

Background: Flat epithelial atypia (FEA), a rare breast proliferative lesion, is often diagnosed following core biopsy (CB) of mammographic microcalcifications. In the prospective multi-institution TBCRC 034 trial, we investigate the upgrade rate to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive cancer following excision for patients diagnosed with FEA on CB.

Patients And Methods: Patients with a breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) ≤ 4 imaging abnormality and a concordant CB diagnosis of FEA were identified for excision.

Identification of immune suppressor candidates utilizing comparative transcriptional profiling in histiocytic sarcoma.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare yet lethal malignancy with no established standard of care therapies. A lack of pre-clinical models limits our understanding of HS pathogenesis and identification of therapeutic targets. Canine HS shares multiple clinical and genetic similarities with human HS, supporting its use as a unique translational model.

PlexinD1 is a driver and a therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer.

Aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) variants associated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) resistance and metastasis remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the axon guidance semaphorin receptor PlexinD1 as a crucial driver of cancer aggressiveness in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). High PlexinD1 expression in human PCa is correlated with adverse clinical outcomes.

The spatially informed mFISHseq assay resolves biomarker discordance and predicts treatment response in breast cancer.

Current assays fail to address breast cancer's complex biology and accurately predict treatment response. On a retrospective cohort of 1082 female breast tissues, we develop and validate mFISHseq, which integrates multiplexed RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization with RNA-sequencing, guided by laser capture microdissection. This technique ensures tumor purity, unbiased whole transcriptome profiling, and explicitly quantifies intratumoral heterogeneity.

Maximizing the clinical utility and performance of cytology samples for comprehensive genetic profiling.

Comprehensive molecular profiling by next-generation sequencing has revolutionized tumor classification and biomarker evaluation. However, routine implementation is challenged by the scant nature of diagnostic material obtained through minimally invasive procedures. Here, we describe our long-term experience in profiling cytology samples with an in-depth assessment of the performance, quality metrics, biomarker identification capabilities, and potential pitfalls.