Correction of Lower Lip Malposition With Fascia Lata Slings Following Anterior Mandibular Resection.

Lower lip malposition can occur after anterior mandibular resection as a result of the loss of soft tissue lip attachments. We report our technique of cranial suspension of the lower lip with fascia lata slings to improve lip position. Correction of lip ptosis results in cessation of drooling, improved oral intake, and restoration of facial aesthetics.

Clinicogenomic landscape of pancreatic adenocarcinoma identifies KRAS mutant dosage as prognostic of overall survival.

Nearly all pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are genomically characterized by KRAS exon 2 mutations. Most patients with PDAC present with advanced disease and are treated with cytotoxic therapy. Genomic biomarkers prognostic of disease outcomes have been challenging to identify.

Phase II Parallel Arm Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan-Hziy in Patients With Advanced Thymoma or Thymic Carcinoma.

Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including thymoma and thymic carcinoma, are rare thoracic tumors of the anterior mediastinum. For those with advanced disease, platinum-based chemotherapy is used as first-line treatment. However, there is no standard regimen established for TET at progression after initial therapy, and treatment options for advanced/recurrent TETs are limited.

Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide: A Quality-of-Life Evaluation and 2-Year Outcomes of BMT CTN 1703.

The BMT CTN 1703 phase III trial confirmed that graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus (Tac), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) results in superior GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) compared with Tac/methotrexate (MTX) prophylaxis. This companion study assesses the effect of these regimens on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Using the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Score and PROMIS subscales (physical function, GI symptoms, social role satisfaction) as primary end points and hemorrhagic cystitis symptoms and Lee subscales as secondary end points, responses from English and Spanish speakers were analyzed at baseline and days 100, 180, and 365 after transplant.

Comparative Analysis of Intracranial Response Assessment Criteria in Patients With Melanoma Brain Metastases Treated With Combination Nivolumab + Ipilimumab in CheckMate 204.

Purpose: In CheckMate 204, nivolumab + ipilimumab showed high intracranial (IC) objective response rates (icORRs) in patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBMs). Using icORR as a surrogate for overall survival (OS) has prompted use of alternate response criteria. To set the stage for harmonized MBM trials, the aim of this exploratory analysis was to determine icORR using several response criteria and examine correlations of response with survival.

Incidence of Adjacent Synchronous Ipsilateral Infiltrating Carcinoma and/or Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Patients Diagnosed with Flat Epithelial Atypia by Core Needle Biopsy (TBCRC 034).

Background: Flat epithelial atypia (FEA), a rare breast proliferative lesion, is often diagnosed following core biopsy (CB) of mammographic microcalcifications. In the prospective multi-institution TBCRC 034 trial, we investigate the upgrade rate to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive cancer following excision for patients diagnosed with FEA on CB.

Patients And Methods: Patients with a breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) ≤ 4 imaging abnormality and a concordant CB diagnosis of FEA were identified for excision.

Identification of immune suppressor candidates utilizing comparative transcriptional profiling in histiocytic sarcoma.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare yet lethal malignancy with no established standard of care therapies. A lack of pre-clinical models limits our understanding of HS pathogenesis and identification of therapeutic targets. Canine HS shares multiple clinical and genetic similarities with human HS, supporting its use as a unique translational model.

Understanding the experience of Latinas in medical education: A qualitative study.

Background: Despite increased recruitment of Latina medical students, the percentage of Latina physicians has remained stagnant, suggesting unique retentive barriers affecting this population. Discriminatory experiences involving bias may contribute to difficulties in the retention and advancement of Latinas in medicine. This qualitative analysis aimed to explore thematic barriers prevalent among Latinas throughout their medical training in the United States.

PlexinD1 is a driver and a therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer.

Aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) variants associated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) resistance and metastasis remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the axon guidance semaphorin receptor PlexinD1 as a crucial driver of cancer aggressiveness in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). High PlexinD1 expression in human PCa is correlated with adverse clinical outcomes.

The spatially informed mFISHseq assay resolves biomarker discordance and predicts treatment response in breast cancer.

Current assays fail to address breast cancer's complex biology and accurately predict treatment response. On a retrospective cohort of 1082 female breast tissues, we develop and validate mFISHseq, which integrates multiplexed RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization with RNA-sequencing, guided by laser capture microdissection. This technique ensures tumor purity, unbiased whole transcriptome profiling, and explicitly quantifies intratumoral heterogeneity.

Maximizing the clinical utility and performance of cytology samples for comprehensive genetic profiling.

Comprehensive molecular profiling by next-generation sequencing has revolutionized tumor classification and biomarker evaluation. However, routine implementation is challenged by the scant nature of diagnostic material obtained through minimally invasive procedures. Here, we describe our long-term experience in profiling cytology samples with an in-depth assessment of the performance, quality metrics, biomarker identification capabilities, and potential pitfalls.

Multiparametric MRI and artificial intelligence in predicting and monitoring treatment response in bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is the 10th most common and 13th most deadly cancer worldwide, with urothelial carcinomas being the most common type. Distinguishing between non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is essential due to significant differences in management and prognosis. MRI may play an important diagnostic role in this setting.

Invasion of glioma cells through confined space requires membrane tension regulation and mechano-electrical coupling via Plexin-B2.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with diffuse infiltration. Here, we demonstrate how GBM cells usurp guidance receptor Plexin-B2 for confined migration through restricted space. Using live-cell imaging to track GBM cells negotiating microchannels, we reveal endocytic vesicle accumulation at cell front and filamentous actin assembly at cell rear in a polarized manner.

A Bayesian active learning platform for scalable combination drug screens.

Large-scale combination drug screens are generally considered intractable due to the immense number of possible combinations. Existing approaches use ad hoc fixed experimental designs then train machine learning models to impute unobserved combinations. Here we propose BATCHIE, an orthogonal approach that conducts experiments dynamically in batches.

A deep multiple instance learning framework improves microsatellite instability detection from tumor next generation sequencing.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a critical phenotype of cancer genomes and an FDA-recognized biomarker that can guide treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Previous work has demonstrated that next-generation sequencing data can be used to identify samples with MSI-high phenotype. However, low tumor purity, as frequently observed in routine clinical samples, poses a challenge to the sensitivity of existing algorithms.

STAT1 regulates immune-mediated intestinal stem cell proliferation and epithelial regeneration.

The role of the immune system in regulating tissue stem cells remains poorly understood, as does the relationship between immune-mediated tissue damage and regeneration. Graft vs. host disease (GVHD) occurring after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) involves immune-mediated damage to the intestinal epithelium and its stem cell compartment.

Mms22-Rtt107 axis attenuates the DNA damage checkpoint and the stability of the Rad9 checkpoint mediator.

The DNA damage checkpoint is a highly conserved signaling pathway induced by genotoxin exposure or endogenous genome stress. It alters many cellular processes such as arresting the cell cycle progression and increasing DNA repair capacities. However, cells can downregulate the checkpoint after prolonged stress exposure to allow continued growth and alternative repair.

Adjuvant Dose-Dense Chemotherapy in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.

Purpose: In light of evolving evidence that some patients with node-positive estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) disease may receive less benefit from chemotherapy, this study reports 12-year outcomes of the C9741 trial overall, and by the sensitivity to endocrine therapy (SET2,3) test index, a biomarker measuring endocrine transcriptional activity, to identify patients most likely to benefit from dose-dense chemotherapy.

Methods: In all, 1,973 patients were randomly assigned to dose-dense versus conventional chemotherapy. Hazard ratios (HRs) for prognosis and for predictive interaction with chemotherapy schedule were estimated from Cox models of long-term disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Voxel-Based Dosimetry Predicts Local Tumor Progression Post 90Y Radiation Segmentectomy of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background: Radiation segmentectomy (RS) is an alternative potential local curative treatment for selected colorectal liver metastases (CLMs) not amenable to ablation or limited resection.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric response of low volume CLMs to RS in heavily pretreated patients who are not candidates for resection or percutaneous ablation.

Patients And Methods: This single-center retrospective study evaluated CLMs patients treated with RS (prescribed tumor dose >190 Gy) from 2015 to 2023.

Rapid on-site evaluation using telecytology: Quality assurance study at a high-volume cancer center.

Background: Telecytology-assisted rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) offers a cost-effective method to enhance minimally invasive biopsies like fine needle aspiration and core biopsies with touch preparation. By reducing nondiagnostic sampling and the need for repeat procedures, ROSE via telecytology facilitates prompt triage for ancillary tests, improving patient management. This study examines cases initially deemed adequate for diagnosis during telecytology-assisted ROSE but later categorized as nondiagnostic at final evaluation (NDIS).

Evaluation of the Ki-67 labeling index on immediate pre-ablation biopsies as a predictive biomarker of local recurrence of colorectal cancer liver metastases.

The aim of this study was to evaluate if the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) on immediate pre-ablation biopsies of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) is associated with the presence of viable tumor cells in subsequent ablation zone biopsies and/or local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS). Biopsies of CLM were performed before and after microwave ablation (MWA), as part of a prospective clinical trial between October 2013 and May 2019. Pre-ablation biopsy slides were examined for the Ki-67 LI using light microscopy.

First clinical utility of sensing Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (sULM): identifying renal pseudotumors.

Renal pseudotumors, which mimic tumors on imaging, pose diagnostic challenges that can lead to unnecessary interventions. Sensing ultrasound localization microscopy (sULM) is an advanced imaging technique that uses ultrasound imaging and microbubbles as sensors to visualize kidney functional units. This study aims to investigate whether sULM could differentiate between renal pseudotumors and tumors based on the presence of glomeruli.

Tau is a receptor with low affinity for glucocorticoids and is required for glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most prescribed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. However, their use is often limited by substantial side effects, such as GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO) with the underlying mechanisms still not fully understood. In this study, we identify Tau as a low-affinity binding receptor for GCs that plays a crucial role in GIO.