Functional evaluation and clinical classification of BRCA2 variants.

Germline BRCA2 loss-of function variants, which can be identified through clinical genetic testing, predispose to several cancers. However, variants of uncertain significance limit the clinical utility of test results. Thus, there is a need for functional characterization and clinical classification of all BRCA2 variants to facilitate the clinical management of individuals with these variants.

Bidirectional histone monoaminylation dynamics regulate neural rhythmicity.

Histone H3 monoaminylations at Gln5 represent an important family of epigenetic marks in brain that have critical roles in permissive gene expression. We previously demonstrated that serotonylation and dopaminylation of Gln5 of histone H3 (H3Q5ser and H3Q5dop, respectively) are catalysed by transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and alter both local and global chromatin states. Here we found that TG2 additionally functions as an eraser and exchanger of H3 monoaminylations, including H3Q5 histaminylation (H3Q5his), which displays diurnally rhythmic expression in brain and contributes to circadian gene expression and behaviour.

Impact of declared wildfire disasters on survival of lung cancer patients undergoing radiation.

Purpose: Oncological treatments, such as radiotherapy, which requires consistent electricity, the presence of specialized clinical teams, and daily patient access to treatment facilities, are frequently disrupted by extreme weather events, posing several health hazards to patients. This study explores the association between declared wildfire disasters during radiotherapy and overall survival among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The study population consisted of 202,935 adults with inoperable Stage III NSCLC, who initiated radiotherapy from 2004 through 2019.

TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Targeting the kappa opioid receptor for analgesia and antitumour effects.

The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing.

Objectives: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) are emerging technologies that can be used to help define complex immunophenotypes in tissue, quantify immune cell subsets, and assess the spatial arrangement of marker expression. mIHC/IF assays require concerted efforts to optimize and validate the multiplex staining protocols prior to their application on slides. The best practice guidelines for staining and validation of mIHC/IF assays across platforms were previously published by this task force.

Dosimetry Software for Theranostic Applications: Current Capabilities and Future Prospects.

Dosimetry is integral to informed implementation of radiopharmaceutical therapies, enabling personalized treatment planning and ensuring patient safety by calculating absorbed doses to organs and tumors. As the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical field continues to expand, dosimetry software has emerged as a crucial tool for optimization of treatment efficacy. This review discusses key features and capabilities that current dosimetry software solutions have or should have in the future.

Characterizing the ideal patient for treatment with inotuzumab ozogamicin for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic literature review.

Introduction: Inotuzumab ozogamicin(InO) is indicated for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory(R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This systematic literature review (CRD42022330496) assessed outcomes bybaseline characteristics for patients with R/R ALL treated with InO to identifywhich patients may benefit most.

Methods: In adherencewith PRISMA guidelines, searches were run in Embase and MEDLINE.

Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma: ASCO Guideline Update.

Purpose: To provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and others on the management of pleural mesothelioma (PM).

Methods: ASCO convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, thoracic surgery, radiation oncology, pathology, cancer genetics, and advocacy experts to conduct an updated literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective comparative observational studies published from 2016 through 2024. Outcomes of interest included survival, disease-free or recurrence-free survival, and quality of life.

Visions by WIMIN: Imposter Phenomenon.

The imposter phenomenon (IP) is a destructive set of beliefs, traits, and experiences in which high-achieving individuals fail to internalize their accomplishments and falsely perceive themselves as frauds. IP is a function of underrepresentation and contributes to and perpetuates a cycle of low self-worth, perfectionism, and anxiety, all of which negatively affect job performance and reinforce the IP cycle. Mitigating the deleterious effects of IP requires first naming this phenomenon and recognizing the patterns of IP.

Cardiopulmonary Substructure Doses are Not Correlated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Breast Cancer Survivors Treated With Contemporary Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Breast cancer radiation therapy (RT) techniques have historically delivered mean heart doses (MHDs) in the range of 5 Gy, which have been found to predispose patients to cardiopulmonary toxicities. The purpose of this study was to apply artificial intelligence (AI) cardiac substructure auto-segmentation to evaluate the corresponding substructure doses, whether there are laterality- and technique-specific differences in these doses, and if the doses are significantly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness after state-of-the-art RT planning and delivery for breast cancer.

Methods And Materials: Cardiopulmonary substructures were AI auto-segmented.

Vascularized tumor on a microfluidic chip to study mechanisms promoting tumor neovascularization and vascular targeted therapies.

The cascade of events leading to tumor formation includes induction of a tumor supporting neovasculature, as a primary hallmark of cancer. Developing vasculature is difficult to evaluate but can be captured using microfluidic chip technology and patient derived cells. Herein, we established an approach to investigate the mechanisms promoting tumor vascularization and vascular targeted therapies via co-culture of cancer spheroids and endothelial cells in a three dimensional environment.

Symptom management in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma.

According to the 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors, gliomas harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) are considered a distinct disease entity, typically presenting in adult patients before the age of 50 years. Given their multiyear survival, patients with mIDH glioma are affected by tumor and treatment-related symptoms that can have a large impact on the daily life of both patients and their caregivers for an extended period of time. Selective oral inhibitors of mIDH enzymes have recently joined existing anticancer treatments, including resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, as an additional targeted treatment modality.

Financial challenges of being on long-term, high-cost medications.

The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor, vorasidenib, may offer a promising new treatment option for patients with IDH-mutant gliomas. However, the indefinite nature of this targeted therapy raises significant financial concerns. High costs of targeted cancer therapies, often exceeding $150 000 annually, contribute to financial toxicity, characterized by medical debt, income loss, and psychological stress, and place stress on health systems.

Chronic viral mimicry induction following p53 loss promotes immune evasion.

Epigenetic therapies facilitate transcription of immunogenic repetitive elements that cull cancer cells through 'viral mimicry' responses. Paradoxically, cancer-initiating events also facilitate transcription of repetitive elements. Contributions of repetitive element transcription towards cancer initiation, and the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade lethal viral mimicry responses during tumor initiation remain poorly understood.

Effects of an initial anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy on subsequent anti-CD22 CAR T-cell manufacturing and clinical outcomes in patients with r/r LBCL.

Patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) progressing after anti-CD19 CAR T-cell (CAR19) therapy have poor outcomes. Subsequent CAR T-cell therapy shows promise, but the impact of residual CAR19 and early relapse remains unclear. We evaluated 37 CAR19-refractory LBCL patients who received anti-CD22 CAR T-cell (CAR22) in a phase 1b trial (NCT04088890).

Orchard: Building large cancer phylogenies using stochastic combinatorial search.

Phylogenies depicting the evolutionary history of genetically heterogeneous subpopulations of cells from the same cancer, i.e., cancer phylogenies, offer valuable insights about cancer development and guide treatment strategies.

Standardizing the reporting of cholangiocarcinoma: the society of abdominal radiology disease focused panel on cholangiocarinoma lexicon.

In March 2023, the Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) Disease Focused Panel (DFP) on Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was formed. One of its initial tasks was for creation of a lexicon specific for CCA to complement the terms related to the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category M. A committee was formed and vetted 15 unique terms for CCA.

Pre-treatment Pulmonary Function Testing Has Limited Utility In B-cell Lymphoma Treated with CD19 CAR T-cells.

Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are recommended for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) evaluation. However, their prognostic value in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy remains unclear. We assessed the predictive significance of PFTs and pulmonary comorbidity classifications, per the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI), in B-cell lymphoma patients undergoing autologous CD19-CAR-T therapy.

Remote Symptom Monitoring in Thoracic Surgery Patients After Discharge.

Objective: Evaluate an electronic platform for remote symptom monitoring to enhance postdischarge care in thoracic surgery using patient reporting of symptoms.

Summary Background Data: Owing to the increased use of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, patients are spending a larger portion of their postoperative course at home. For patients undergoing complex operations, this represents an opportunity for early identification of abnormal symptoms at home before deterioration.

Palliative Nursing in Home Health Care Across the Lifespan.

Primary palliative nursing in home health care (HHC) can be delivered to medically complex patients across the lifespan. Primary palliative nursing provides patient- and family-centered care for serious illness by alleviating the stress and symptoms of illness; coordinating care; and supporting the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of care. In this article, two case scenarios of patients in different phases of life serve as examples of primary palliative nursing in HHC.

Using Tap Water for Enteral Tube Flushes.

Background: Enteral feeding tubes, used in patients who require enteral nutrition or medication, require flushing between medications and feedings to maintain patency. Various types of water can be used to flush enteral feeding tubes, which raises the question of which type of water is best supported by evidence.

Purpose: The aims of this quality improvement project were to examine the evidence on the use of tap water instead of sterile water for enteral tube flushes and to implement the use of tap water as a safe, cost-effective alternative to sterile water at a multisite oncology institution.

Role of MRI in Assessing the Feasibility of Fertility-Sparing Treatments for Early-Stage Endometrial and Cervical Cancers.

Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) has become a key aspect of managing gynecologic cancers in reproductive-age patients who wish to preserve fertility. Several leading clinical societies, including the European Society of Gynecological Oncology, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, the European Society of Pathology, and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, have recently published evidence-based guidelines on fertility-sparing strategies and posttreatment surveillance of patients with early-stage gynecologic cancers, in particular endometrial and cervical cancers. These guidelines highlight MRI as essential to initial patient selection and follow-up.

Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses Version 2019: Proportion of Malignancy by Class and Subclass-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Bosniak classification version 2019 (v2019) was a major revision to version 2005 (v2005) that defined cystic renal mass subclasses based on wall or septa features. To determine the proportion of malignancy within cystic renal masses stratified by Bosniak classification v2019 class and feature-based subclass. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched on July 24, 2023 for studies published in 2019 or later that reported cystic renal masses that underwent renal-mass CT or MRI, were assessed using Bosniak v2019, and had a reference standard (histopathology indicating benignity or malignancy or ≥5-year imaging follow-up indicating benignity).

Dosimetry for Radiopharmaceutical Therapy: Practical Implementation, From the Special Series on Quantitative Imaging.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is advancing rapidly and achieving wider clinical application. However, RPT is not yet optimized in practice, as tumor and normal-organ dose estimates and, in turn, dose-response relationships remain poorly defined. Internal dosimetry is evolving to address such issues, transitioning from the estimation of population-average organ-level or tumor-level doses to individualized patient-specific sub-organ or sub-tumor doses.