An Overview of Pharmacotherapy Options for Alcohol Use Disorder.

Clinical trials have found a number of pharmacotherapy options to be effective, but despite the need and the proven benefits, the use of pharmacotherapy remains low.

Pyeloduodenal Fistula in Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: A Series of Two Cases.

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation, characterized by destruction and replacement of tissues with chronic inflammatory cells, including foamy histiocytes and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, is uncommon. In patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, inflammation may extend from the kidney to the overlying duodenum, creating a pyeloduodenal fistula that further complicates medical and surgical management. We present two cases with recurrent kidney infections who each ultimately received a nephrectomy and repair of their duodenal fistula.

Use of a Technetium99m-Sestamibi Scan to Detect Ipsilateral Double Adenoma in a Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report.

Introduction: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism generally have a single parathyroid adenoma that causes excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone. For about 2% to 15% of these patients, a double adenoma is present that involves one lesion on each side of the neck.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of double parathyroid adenoma causing asymptomatic hypercalcemia.