Evaluation of PD-1 and interleukin-10-receptor expression by T lymphocytes in malignant and benign pleural effusions.

PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1)/PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) as well as IL-10 (interleukin-10)/IL-10R (interleukin-10 receptor) interactions play a major role in tumor immune evasion in various malignancies. Several studies investigated the expression of PD-1 on T lymphocytes in pleural effusions (PE) in patients with malignant diseases. However, results in malignant pleural effusions (MPE) compared to benign PE (BPE) are underreported.

Senescence of lung mesenchymal stem cells of preterm infants by cyclic stretch and hyperoxia via p21.

Phenotype distortion of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in preterm infants is a hallmark event in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Here, we evaluated the impact of cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) and hyperoxia (HOX). The negative action of HOX on proliferation and cell death was more pronounced at 80% than at 40%.

Low-Volume Lung Perfusion System for Single Lung Application in a Small Animal Model Enables Optimal Compliance With "" in 3R Principles of Animal Research.

lung perfusion (ESLP) is used for organ reconditioning, repair, and re-evaluation prior to transplantation. Since valid preclinical animal models are required for translationally relevant studies, we developed a 17 mL low-volume ESLP for double- and single-lung application that enables cost-effective optimal compliance "reduction" of the 3R principles of animal research. In single-lung mode, ten Fischer344 and Lewis rat lungs were subjected to ESLP and static cold storage using STEEN or PerfadexPlus.

It takes two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ) to tango idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by aberrant lung epithelial phenotypes, fibroblast activation, and increased extracellular matrix deposition. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)1-induced Smad signaling and downregulation of peroxisomal genes are involved in the pathogenesis and can be inhibited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activation. However, the three PPARs, that is PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, are known to interact in a complex crosstalk.

Three-dimensional characteristics of the alveolar capillary network in infant and adult human lungs.

Background: A comprehensive understanding of vascular development in the human lung is still missing.

Methods: Therefore, samples of infant (n = 5, 26 days to 18 months postnatally) and adult (n = 5, 20 to 40 years) human lungs were subjected to unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of capillary loops. Serial sections were segmented to visualize the alveolar capillary network (ACN) in 3D.

A synthetic lung model (ASYLUM) for validation of functional lung imaging methods shows significant differences between signal-based and deformation-field-based ventilation measurements.

Introduction: Validation of functional free-breathing MRI involves a comparison to more established or more direct measurements. This procedure is cost-intensive, as it requires access to patient cohorts, lengthy protocols, expenses for consumables, and binds working time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce a synthetic lung model (ASYLUM), which mimics dynamic MRI acquisition and includes predefined lung abnormalities for an alternative validation approach.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated with rare alleles p.(Phe76del) and p.(Asp280Val): A family study.

This report describes family members with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency arising from two rare alleles of - p.(Phe76del) and p.(Asp280Val) along with the more common deficiency allele, Pi*Z.

Arachidonic Acid Directly Activates the Human DP2 Receptor.

Aberrant type 2 inflammatory responses are the underlying cause of the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other atopic diseases, with an alarming prevalence in relevant parts of the Western world. A bulk of evidence points out the important role of the DP2 receptor in these inflammation processes. A screening of different polyunsaturated fatty acids at a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based DP2 receptor conformation sensor expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells revealed an agonistic effect of the prostaglandin (PG)-D precursor arachidonic acid on DP2 receptor activity of about 80% of the effect induced by PGD In a combination of experiments at the conformation sensor and using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based G protein activation sensor expressed together with DP2 receptor wild type in HEK cells, we found that arachidonic acid acts as a direct activator of the DP2 receptor, but not the DP1 receptor, in a concentration range considered physiologically relevant.

Postoperative Fluid Accumulation is Associated With Underestimation of AKI Severity in Lung Transplant Recipients.

Background: Post-lung transplantation (LTx) fluid accumulation can lead to dilution of serum creatinine (SCr). We hypothesized that fluid accumulation might impact the diagnosis, staging, and outcome of posttransplant acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 131 adult LTx patients at a single German lung center between 2005 and 2018.

Dissecting AI-based mutation prediction in lung adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive real-world study.

Introduction: Molecular profiling of lung cancer is essential to identify genetic alterations that predict response to targeted therapy. While deep learning shows promise for predicting oncogenic mutations from whole tissue images, existing studies often face challenges such as limited sample sizes, a focus on earlier stage patients, and insufficient analysis of robustness and generalizability.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluates factors influencing mutation prediction accuracy using the large Heidelberg Lung Adenocarcinoma Cohort (HLCC), a cohort of 2356 late-stage FFPE samples.

Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with interstitial lung diseases.

Background: The R-Scale-PF was proposed to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We generated a German version of the R-Scale-PF (GR-Scale), representing the first translation of the questionnaire into another language and assessed HRQoL longitudinally in various interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) using the R-Scale-PF scoring system at a specialized ILD centre.

Methods: We have translated the questionnaire in accordance with the WHO translation guidelines and applied it to 80 ILD patients of our department, with follow-ups after 3-6 months, assessing its internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, concurrent validity, known-groups validity, and its responsiveness to changes over time.

Five-year outcomes with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with 2 cycles of chemotherapy versus 4 cycles of chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the randomized CheckMate 9LA trial.

Background: We report 5-year efficacy and safety outcomes from CheckMate 9LA in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) and exploratory analyses in key patient subgroups.

Methods: Adults with stage IV/recurrent NSCLC and no sensitizing EGFR/ALK alterations were randomized to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy (n = 361) or chemotherapy (n = 358). Outcomes were assessed in all randomized patients and subgroups.

Subclinical impairment of the left atrium is associated with MRI-based lung volume but not with parameters from pulmonary function testing.

Left atrial (LA) physiology and hemodynamics are intimately connected to cardiac and lung function in health and disease. This study examined the relationship between MRI-based left atrial (LA) size and function with MRI-based lung volume and pulmonary function testing (PFT) parameters in the population-based KORA study cohort of 400 participants without overt cardiovascular disease. MRI quantification assessed LA size/function in sequences with and without ECG synchronization, alongside lung volume.

Imperative role of adaptor proteins in macrophage toll-like receptor signaling pathways.

Macrophages are integral part of the body's defense against pathogens and serve as vital regulators of inflammation. Adaptor molecules, featuring diverse domains, intricately orchestrate the recruitment and transmission of inflammatory responses through signaling cascades. Key domains involved in macrophage polarization include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Src Homology2 (SH2) and other small domains, alongside receptor tyrosine kinases, crucial for pathway activation.

ESR Essentials: imaging in fibrotic lung diseases-practice recommendations by the European Society of Thoracic Imaging.

Fibrotic lung diseases (FLDs) represent a subgroup of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which can progress over time and carry a poor prognosis. Imaging has increased diagnostic discrimination in the evaluation of FLDs. International guidelines have stated the role of radiologists in the diagnosis and management of FLDs, in the context of the interdisciplinary discussion.

Safety and efficacy of riociguat in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiometabolic comorbidities: Data from interventional clinical trials.

Background: There is limited evidence to support treatment recommendations in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and comorbidities. To investigate the impact of riociguat treatment in this patient population, we analyzed pooled data from randomized controlled trials of riociguat.

Methods: This post hoc analysis included data from the PATENT-1, PATENT-2, PATENT PLUS, and REPLACE studies.

A Pipeline for the Usage of the Core Data Set of the Medical Informatics Initiative for Process Mining - A Technical Case Report.

Introduction: Process Mining (PM) has emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare, facilitating the enhancement of process models and predicting potential anomalies. However, the widespread application of PM in healthcare is hindered by the lack of structured event logs and specific data privacy regulations.

Concept: This paper introduces a pipeline that converts routine healthcare data into PM-compatible event logs, leveraging the newly available permissions under the Health Data Utilization Act to use healthcare data.