A deep learning quantification of patient specificity as a predictor of session attendance and treatment response to internet-enabled cognitive behavioural therapy for common mental health disorders.

Background: Increasing an individual's ability to focus on concrete, specific detail, thus reducing the tendency toward overly broad, decontextualised generalisations about the self and world, is a target within cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). However, empirical investigation of the impact of within-treatment specificity on treatment outcomes is scarce. We evaluated whether the specificity of patient dialogue predicted a) end-of-treatment symptoms and b) session completion for CBT for common mental health issues.

A Computational Approach to Identifying Cultural Keywords Across Languages.

Distinctive aspects of a culture are often reflected in the meaning and usage of words in the language spoken by bearers of that culture. Keywords such as душа (soul) in Russian, hati (heart) in Indonesian and Malay, and gezellig (convivial/cosy/fun) in Dutch are held to be especially culturally revealing, and scholars have identified a number of such keywords using careful linguistic analyses (Peeters, 2020b; Wierzbicka, 1990). Because keywords are expected to have different statistical properties than related words in other languages, we argue that a quantitative comparison of word usage across languages can help to identify cultural keywords.

Altered task-related decoupling of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in depression.

Dysfunctional activity of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) - an extensively connected hub region of the default mode network - has been broadly linked to cognitive and affective impairments in depression. However, the nature of aberrant task-related rACC suppression in depression is incompletely understood. In this study, we sought to characterize functional connectivity of rACC activity suppression ('deactivation') - an essential feature of rACC function - during external task engagement in depression.

Priority populations' experiences of isolation, quarantine and distancing for COVID-19: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study (Optimise Study).

Introduction: Longitudinal studies can provide timely and accurate information to evaluate and inform COVID-19 control and mitigation strategies and future pandemic preparedness. The Optimise Study is a multidisciplinary research platform established in the Australian state of Victoria in September 2020 to collect epidemiological, social, psychological and behavioural data from priority populations. It aims to understand changing public attitudes, behaviours and experiences of COVID-19 and inform epidemic modelling and support responsive government policy.

Cortical quantity representations of visual numerosity and timing overlap increasingly into superior cortices but remain distinct.

Many sensory brain areas are organized as topographic maps where neural response preferences change gradually across the cortical surface. Within association cortices, 7-Tesla fMRI and neural model-based analyses have also revealed many topographic maps for quantities like numerosity and event timing, often in similar locations. Numerical and temporal quantity estimations also show behavioral similarities and even interactions.

Do risk factors differentiate DSM-5 and drive for thinness severity groups for anorexia nervosa?

Background: The current study examined whether risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) were related to different levels of severity based on (a) the DSM-5/body mass index (BMI) and (b) drive for thinness (DT) severity ratings.

Methods: The sample comprised 153 pairs of individuals with a lifetime diagnosis AN per DSM-IV criteria and their non-ED sisters (N = 306, mean age = 26.53; mean current BMI = 20.

The impact of age and parity on the experience of relief and regret in women who have undergone hysterectomy for benign disease: A cross sectional survey.

Objective: To investigate the impact of age and parity on the experience on relief and regret following elective hysterectomy for benign disease, and to explore the factors that impact relief and regret.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional survey of a cohort.

Setting: Single-centre tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia.

On liking how you look and feeling sexy: Quantifying the overlap between sexual desirability and body satisfaction in a sample of Australian Grindr users.

The body image field aims to cultivate positive body image. To do so, it must appreciate factors contributing to positive body image. Sexual desirability is one such factor.

Neurodesk: an accessible, flexible and portable data analysis environment for reproducible neuroimaging.

Neuroimaging research requires purpose-built analysis software, which is challenging to install and may produce different results across computing environments. The community-oriented, open-source Neurodesk platform ( https://www.neurodesk.

Are we really Bayesian? Probabilistic inference shows sub-optimal knowledge transfer.

Numerous studies have found that the Bayesian framework, which formulates the optimal integration of the knowledge of the world (i.e. prior) and current sensory evidence (i.

Agency in schizophrenia and autism: a systematic review.

Introduction: Previous research suggests that altered experiences of agency are an underlying vulnerability in both schizophrenia and autism. Here, we explore agency as a potential transdiagnostic factor by conducting a systematic review of existing literature investigating agency in autism and schizophrenia individually and together.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted three systematic searches on PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science to identify studies that investigated (1) agency in schizophrenia, (2) agency in autism, and (3) agency in both schizophrenia and autism.

Detention of children and adolescents under mental health legislation: a scoping review of prevalence, risk factors, and legal frameworks.

Background: For individuals with severe mental illness, involuntary assessment and/or treatment (hereafter detention) can be a necessary intervention to support recovery and may even be lifesaving. Despite this, little is known about how often these interventions are used for children and adolescents.

Methods: This global scoping review set out to: (1) map the current evidence around mental health detentions of children and adolescents (< 18 years); (2) identify the clinical, sociodemographic, and behavioural factors associated with detention; and (3) document the views of professionals and young people on the implementation of mental health legislation.

Mental Health Among Elite Youth Athletes: A Narrative Overview to Advance Research and Practice.

Context: Participation in sports during youth is typically beneficial for mental health. However, it is unclear whether elite sport contexts contribute to greater risk of psychological distress or disorder. The aims of this paper are to highlight conceptual issues that require resolution in future research and practice, and to examine the key factors that may contribute to the mental health of elite youth athletes (EYAs).

Mice with an autism-associated R451C mutation in neuroligin-3 show intact attention orienting but atypical responses to methylphenidate and atomoxetine in the mouse-Posner task.

Rationale: Atypical attention orienting has been associated with some autistic symptoms, but the neural mechanisms remain unclear. The human Posner task, a classic attention orienting paradigm, was recently adapted for use with mice, supporting the investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of atypical attention orienting in preclinical mouse models.

Objective: The current study tested mice expressing the autism-associated R451C gene mutation in neuroligin-3 (NL3) on the mouse-Posner (mPosner) task.

A search for commonalities in defining the common good: Using folk theories to unlock shared conceptions.

Throughout the course of scholarly history, some concepts have been notoriously hard to define. The 'common good' is one such concept. While the common good has a long and contested scholarly history, social psychology research on folk theories - lay beliefs that represent an individual's informal and subjective understanding of the world - may provide a key for unlocking this nebulous concept.

Frequency and extent of cognitive complaint following adult civilian mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Cognitive symptoms are associated with return to work, healthcare use and quality of life after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Additionally, while overall 'post-concussion' symptoms are often present at similar levels in mTBI and control groups, cognitive complaints may be specifically elevated in mTBI. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the frequency and extent of cognitive complaints following adult civilian mTBI, and compare it to the frequency and extent of complaints in control populations (PROSPERO: CRD42020151284).

Mapping Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life.

Unlabelled: The growing literature on interpersonal emotion regulation has largely focused on the strategies people use to regulate. As such, researchers have little understanding of how often people regulate in the first place, what emotion regulation goals they have when they regulate, and how much effort they invest in regulation. To better characterize features of the regulation process, we conducted two studies using daily diary ( = 171) and experience sampling methods ( = 239), exploring interpersonal emotion regulation in the context of everyday social interactions.

Experiences of telehealth among people receiving alcohol and other drug treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future telehealth delivery.

Introduction: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated the rapid uptake of telehealth to deliver treatment for alcohol and other drug (AOD) concerns. However, little is known about how the move from in-person to telehealth delivery impacted clients' experience of care. This qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of telehealth among people receiving alcohol and other drug treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their preferences regarding future telehealth care.

Australian elite sport coaches' mental health literacy of eating disorders, orthorexia, and muscle dysmorphia in athletes: A qualitative study.

Athletes have an increased risk of developing eating disorders (EDs) compared to non-athletes. Coaches are in a unique position to identify symptoms and promote timely support; however, research has not yet explored coaches' mental health literacy about DSM-5 EDs and related orthorexia and muscle dysmorphia conditions in elite athletes. Eighteen Australian elite sport coaches from aesthetic, weight-class, and endurance sports participated in individual semi-structured interviews to investigate their mental health literacy of EDs and related conditions.

Feedforward connectivity patterns from visual areas to the front of the brain contain information about sensory stimuli regardless of awareness or report.

Current theories of consciousness can be categorized to some extent by their predictions about the putative role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in conscious perception. One family of the theories proposes that the PFC is necessary for conscious perception. The other postulates that the PFC is not necessary and that other areas (e.

Temporal stability of Bayesian belief updating in perceptual decision-making.

Bayesian inference suggests that perception is inferred from a weighted integration of prior contextual beliefs with current sensory evidence (likelihood) about the world around us. The perceived precision or uncertainty associated with prior and likelihood information is used to guide perceptual decision-making, such that more weight is placed on the source of information with greater precision. This provides a framework for understanding a spectrum of clinical transdiagnostic symptoms associated with aberrant perception, as well as individual differences in the general population.

Flexibility or instability? Emotion goal dynamics and mental health.

Emotion goals (i.e., what people want or do not want to feel) have important implications for emotional and mental health because they can shape whether, when, and how people regulate their emotions.

Endocrinology-informed neuroimaging in eating disorders: GLP1, orexins, and psilocybin.

The neurobiology of eating disorders [EDs; anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED)] remains poorly understood. Here, I describe how neuroimaging, accompanied by peripheral endocrine measures, can provide insights into the neurobiological drivers of eating disorders. Orexins/hypocretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists, and psilocybin are highlighted as avenues for investigation.