Arterial glomerulus at the hilum of the right kidney and the abnormal course of the right testicular artery: a case report.

Variations in the origin of arteries in the abdomen are very common. With the invention of new operative techniques within the abdomen cavity, the anatomy of abdominal vessels has assumed a great deal of clinical importance. We report here a rare case of formation of an "arterial glomerulus" at the hilum of the right kidney by the branches of right renal artery.

Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on diabetes induced delayed fetal skeletal ossification.

Background: Delayed fetal skeletal ossification is one of the known complications of maternal diabetes.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the protective role of petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (PECQ) on diabetes-induced delayed fetal skeletal ossification.

Materials And Methods: Female Wistar rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, intraperitonial) before mating.

Presence of multiple tendinous insertions of palmaris longus: a unique variation of a retrogressive muscle.

Background: Palmaris longus, being the most variable muscle of the upper extremity is generally considered important morphologically rather than functionally. The palmar aponeurosis represents the distal part of the tendon of Palmaris longus.

Case Details: We report here a unique case of palmaris longus presenting variation distally as its tendon divides to gain multiple attachments with the fascia covering the abductor pollicis brevis, flexor retinaculum and the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris.

Pathophysiology and diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome - challenges and needs.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune polyneuropathy which presents with acute onset and rapid progression of flaccid, hyporeflexi quadriparesis. Both sensory and autonomic nerve involvement is seen. GBS has various subtypes that vary in their pathophysiology.

A rare variation in the origin and course of the artery of penis.

Vascular variations of the penis are very rare. Awareness of its variations is of utmost importance to the urologists and radiologist dealing with the reconstruction or transplants of penis, erectile dysfunctions, and priapism. We report an extremely rare variation of the artery of the penis and discuss its clinical importance.

Presence of Arteriovenous Communication between Left Testicular Vessels and Its Clinical Significance.

Maintenance of testicular temperature below body temperature is essential for the process of spermatogenesis. This process of thermoregulation is mainly achieved by testicular veins through pampiniform venous plexus of the testis by absorbing the heat conveyed by the testicular arteries. However, this mechanism of thermoregulation may be hampered if an abnormal communication exists between the testicular vessels.

Variant origin of an arterial trunk from axillary artery continuing as profunda brachii artery--a unique arterial variation in the axilla and its clinical implications.

Background: Axillary artery is known to show different variations mostly in its branching pattern. Similarly, the origin of profunda brachii is often encountered with abnormality. Therefore, when the vascular variations in the upper limb persist, mostly it is confined to its branching pattern followed by its variant origin.

The foramen ovale morphometry of sphenoid bone in South Indian population.

Background: The foramen ovale is an oval opening in the greater wing of sphenoid bone transmitting the mandibular nerve as its major content. It serves as an important landmark for neurosurgeons in certain procedures as to gain access to trigeminal nerve. Therefore, its topographic position in relation to adjacent bony landmarks provides useful tool during these procedures.

Correlation of cord blood lipid heterogeneity in neonates with their anthropometry at birth.

Objective: Fetus with intrauterine stress may exhibit programmed changes that can alter its metabolism and bear severe risk for diseases in adult life. The current study was designed to assess the correlation between cord blood lipid profile with the anthropometric data in neonates.

Materials And Methods: 146 newborn babies born at Dr.

Sessile ileum, subhepatic cecum, and uncinate appendix that might lead to a diagnostic dilemma.

The subhepatic position of the cecum and appendix is a result of embryological reasons. Subhepatic appendicitis can cause diagnostic dilemmas. During the dissection of an adult male cadaver aged approximately 70 years, the subhepatic position of the cecum and appendix was noted.

An anatomical variation in the formation of the inferior root of ansa cervicalis.

During regular dissections, we observed an unusual organization of the inferior root of Ansa Cervicalis (AC). The superior root of ansa arose normally from the hypoglossal nerve. The ventral ramus of the C2 spinal nerve divided into two branches.

Correlation between academic achievement goal orientation and the performance of Malaysian students in an Indian medical school.

Context: According to goal orientation theory, achievement goals are defined as the terminal point towards which one's efforts are directed. The four academic achievement goal orientations commonly recognised are mastery, performance approach, performance avoidance and work avoidance. The objective of this study was to understand the goal orientation of second year undergraduate medical students and how this correlates with their academic performance.

Vascular variations of liver and gallbladder: a case report.

Vascular variations in and around the porta hepatis are common. A sound knowledge of possible variations at these sites is vital for surgeons during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and surgical resection of the liver lobes. We report the case of several variations of the hepatic and cystic arteries in which, the common hepatic artery trifurcated into the gastroduodenal, right hepatic, and left hepatic arteries.

Terminal bifurcation of the right testicular vein and left testicular arterio-venous anastomosis.

The testis is the organ upon which the survival of the human species depends. Abnormalities of testicular vessels may lead to loss of gametogenesis and hormone production. Reported here is a case of bilateral variations of the testicular vessels observed in a male cadaver during the first year MBBS dissection classes.

Evaluation of the variant anatomical disposition of the renal hilar structures in South Indian adult human cadavers and its cinical implications.

Aim: To evaluate the anatomical disposition of the renal hilar structures in human cadavers of south Indian origin, considering their antero-posterior distribution.

Material And Methods: Ninty-six renal hila of the isolated kidneys from adult south Indian cadavers were observed for the branching patterns and the distributions of the renal hilar structures. The number of branches of the renal artery and the divisions of the renal vein in the pre hilar region were noted, along with their pattern of arrangement with respect to the renal pelvis.

Triple falx cerebelli associated with two aberrant venous sinuses in the floor of posterior cranial fossa.

During regular dissection classes, we came across tripled falx cerebelli in a male cadaver. The main (middle) falx cerebelli was large and was attached to the internal occipital crest. It contained the occipital sinus.

Photogrammetric analysis of eyebrow and upper eyelid dimensions in South Indians and Malaysian South Indians.

Background: The eyebrow and eyelid are important sexually dimorphic and ethnic features of the face. In cosmetic surgery, maintenance of these landmarks is important to obtaining satisfactory results.

Objectives: The authors quantify the dimension and position of the eyebrow and eyelid in South Indians and Malaysian South Indians and assess whether significant differences exist between the sexes and ethnic groups.

Unusual branching pattern of axillary artery associated with the high origin of ulnar artery.

Axillary artery is a continuation of subclavian artery, extending from the outer border of first rib to the lower border of teres major muscle. During routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students, a rare variations was seen in an approximately 55-year-old male cadaver. This case showed a variation in branching pattern of right axillary and subscapular arteries.

A rare congenital anomaly of the pancreas: a cadaveric case report.

Context: The pancreas is formed by ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds which arise from the endodermal lining of the gut. When the duodenum rotates to the right, the ventral pancreatic bud migrates dorsally and finally come and lie below the dorsal pancreatic bud. The developmental errors in the rotation of these components lead to annular pancreas.

Biomechanics of Climbing Coconut Trees and its Implications in Ankle Foot Morphology- A Video Sequence analysis.

Introduction: Few studies regarding foot changes and health of professional coconut tree climbers of south India are reported. Medical emergencies are very common, especially due to accidental fall from coconut trees, while on job. Objective of the present study is to analyze the altered biomechanics of lower limb joints used by the coconut tree climbers.

Multiple vascular variations at the vicinity of the left kidney.

Although isolated variations of the renal artery, renal vein and testicular artery are commonly described in the literature, the concurrent presence of variations in all three of these vessels has seldom been reported. Here, we report concurrent vascular variations in the vicinity of the left kidney. The left renal vein was found to have a retropelvic tributary, and a communicating vein connecting the inferior vena cava and retropelvic tributary was also noted.

Abnormal length and position of the sigmoid colon and its clinical significance.

Sigmoid colon is one of the most variable parts of the large intestine. Here we report a very rare type of variation of the sigmoid colon. This variation was observed during the routine dissections for undergraduate medical students at Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus) India in September 2012.

Avenues for professional development: faculty perspectives from an Indian medical school.

Background: Medical school faculty in India are challenged to balance teaching and professional development. Melaka Manipal Medical College (MMMC), Manipal Campus, Manipal University, India offers the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program. The institution incorporates certain effective practices based on adult learning principles which are aimed at fostering the professional development of faculty members.

A peculiar liver with surgically and radiologically important variations: a case report.

A peculiar liver was found in an adult male cadaver during a dissection class for undergraduate medical students. The quadrate lobe and fissure for the ligamentum teres were totally absent. Thus, the cystic notch on the inferior border was very broad and deep, and the fundus and body of the gall bladder popped out through this notch.