Innervation of the scrotum by the anterior division of the obturator nerve - a rare variation.

The scrotum is supplied by ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral, perineal branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the posterior scrotal branches of the pudendal nerve. We report an extremely rare innervation of the anterior part of the scrotum by the anterior division of the right obturator nerve. The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve did not reach the scrotum.

In-vitro evaluation of microleakage of bioceramic root-end filling materials: A spectrophotometric study.

Aim: To evaluate the microleakage of newer bioceramic root-end filling materials.

Material And Method: Sixty freshly extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were selected for the study. Teeth with fractured root, cracks, anddilacerations were rejected.

Modulation of inflammatory markers by petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract in ovariectomized rats.

This study evaluates the modulation of inflammatory markers by petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (PE-TFG) seed extract in ovariectomized rats. The HPTLC method was used for standardization and to quantify the diosgenin in PE-TFG.

Enhancing communication skills among residents in India: An interprofessional education approach.

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) provides opportunities to postgraduates to develop communication skills which are vital for interactions with patients, their relatives, colleagues, paramedical and nursing staff. There is a need to develop an innovative IPE based module on communication skills for postgraduates stressing upon the existing lacunae and requirements detected by a validated assessment tool. We assessed the residents' appraisal of communication skills by a validated questionnaire to identify key areas to improve their communication skills and to determine perceptions of all the stakeholders i.

Interprofessional simulation education to enhance teamwork and communication skills among medical and nursing undergraduates using the TeamSTEPPS® framework.

Background: Learning in silos during the undergraduate years results in ineffective collaborative practice leading to adverse events. Simulation training using the Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS)® framework has been shown to be effective in enhancing teamwork skills among healthcare professionals. This study aims to evaluate an interprofessional simulation education (IPSE) module for undergraduate medical and nursing students on teamwork and communication skills using the TeamSTEPPS® framework.

Saphenous Ladder Formed by Almost Completely Duplicated Great Saphenous Vein.

Knowledge of normal as well as variant great saphenous vein is useful as it is the vein that can get varicosed; the vein that is used in bypass surgeries and the vein that is used for cannulation purpose. We observed almost complete duplication of the great saphenous vein in the left lower limb of an adult male cadaver. Both the great saphenous veins arose from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch and coursed parallel to each other throughout the limb.

The morphological and microscopical characteristics of posterior layer of human thoracolumbar fascia; A potential source of low back pain.

Background: Posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia (PTLF) is the deep fascia of back of the trunk, which connects the trunk, upper limb and lower limb muscles. Very few cadaveric studies of posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia (PTLF) are found in the literature, which mention the presence of nerve receptors in it but, quantification of the nerve receptors where not found. Providing the morphological and morphometrical data of PTLF may help the exercise physiologists, sports physicians, occupational health assistants and, physiotherapists to modify or invent new protocol of treatment to help the society.

Hepatoprotective effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in CCl-induced liver cirrhosis.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stem cells which are ideal candidates for use in regenerative medicine. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of BM-MSC and its combination treatment with silymarin in carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced liver cirrhosis animal model and to investigate whether tail vein or portal vein infusion was the ideal route for BM-MSC transplantation. 36 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups ( = 6): Group 1 (normal control), Group 2 (received only CCl, disease model), Group 3 (CCl + BM-MSCs through tail vein), Group 4 (CCl + BM-MSCs through portal vein), Group 5 (CCl + silymarin), Group 6 (CCl + BM-MSCs + silymarin).

Sternocleidohyoid muscle: an unreported variant of cleidohyoid muscle.

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles are collectively known as infrahyoid muscles. These muscles frequently show variations in their attachments. Here, an extremely rare variant muscle belonging to this group has been presented.

Methyl Gallate Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress.

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of methyl gallate; an active polyphenolic nutraceutical, against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into four groups ( = 6) which consist of normal control (group I), doxorubicin control (group II), test-A (group III), and test-B (group IV).

Dietary self-management practices among persons with T2DM: An exploratory qualitative study from western-coast of India.

Background: Diabetes is a significant public health challenge for India. Self-management, including dietary management, physical activity, stress management, and adherence to medication, is critical in glycaemic control. Though data concerning self-management, in general, are available among persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), exclusive research on dietary self-management was limited.

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on inflammatory cytokines in healing dynamics of diabetic wounds: a systematic review of preclinical studies.

Context: Delayed wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) is due to the overlapping phases of the healing process. The prolonged inflammation and altered levels of inflammatory cytokines lead to deformed cell proliferation. Photobiomodulation alleviates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and promotes tissue repair, thereby restoring the wound healing process.

Detection of Biofilm Production and Its Impact on Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacterial Isolates from Chronic Wound Infections.

Background: Microorganisms are known to be involved in the formation of biofilm. These biofilms are often seen in chronic wound infections, surgical site infections, implants etc., These are capable of causing recalcitrant infections and most of them are also known to possess high antibiotic resistance.

Surgical and embryological perspective of a big loop of internal carotid artery extending laterally beyond internal jugular vein.

Knowledge of variations of the internal carotid artery is significant to surgeons and radiologists. The internal carotid artery normally runs a straight course in the neck. Its anomalies can lead to its iatrogenic injuries.

Effectiveness of audio-visual and print media intervention on knowledge of cervical health among rural women in Southern India.

Background: Cervical cancer health education programmes are not accessible to rural women in developing countries.

Objective: Our study aimed at assessing the health literacy about cervical cancer amongst the rural women in Udupi district, southern India, before and following intervention using audio-visual aid/face-to-face interactive sessions versus pamphlets alone.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study.

Anti-snake venom and methanolic extract of : a multipronged strategy to neutralize venom acetylcholinesterase and hyaluronidase.

The study investigates the ability of methanolic extract of (MAP) to supplement polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV) in inhibiting neurotoxic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 'spreading factor' hyaluronidase from (N.N) venom. AChE and hyaluronidase activity were measured in 100 or 200 µg of crude venom, respectively, and designated as 'control'.

Triple right testicular veins and their variant termination and communications.

Testicular veins are known to show many variations in their origin, course and termination. Some of their variations can lead to male sterility. We report a unique variation of right testicular vein here.

Enhancing identification and counseling skills of dental undergraduate students using a customized Tobacco Counseling Training Module (TCTM) - A piloting of the process using ADDIE framework.

Background: Tobacco use has emerged as a major public health problem. But, most graduates in medical and dental schools receive limited systematic training. The objective of this education innovation project was to enhance dental undergraduate student's ability to identify tobacco users through oral manifestations and improve their counseling skills using a customized Tobacco Counseling Training Module (TCTM).

Work-related musculoskeletal pain and its self-reported impact among practicing dentists in Puducherry, India.

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal pain (MSPs) is not uncommon among dentist and often limits their work efficiency impacting their quality of life.

Aim: The present research was conducted to identify site-specific pain resulting from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among practicing dentists and determine its impact on their quality of life.

Setting And Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted among practicing dentists of Puducherry Taluk, Puducherry, India.

Anomalous peritoneal band connecting greater omentum to the ascending colon: a possible cause for dilation of ascending colon.

Anomalies of the peritoneum and the colon are quite common. Some of these anomalies can disturb the normal digestive and absorptive functions of the intestine and the others might result in formation of volvulus or impede the blood supply of the intestine. We report a rare, combined variation of peritoneum and ascending colon.

Fenestrated Falx Cerebri and Additional Sinuses in the Tentorium Cerebelli.

Morphological variations of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli are extremely rare. The authors report an extremely rare type of combined variation of falx cerebri and dural venous sinuses in the tentorium cerebelli. During the removal of the brain from cranial cavity, it was noted that the anterior part of the falx cerebri had fenestrations and it looked like a mesh.

Hippocampal neural cell degeneration and memory deficit in high-fat diet-induced postnatal obese rats- exploring the comparable benefits of choline and DHA or environmental enrichment.

Purpose: Childhood obesity increases risk for neural dysfunctions causing learning and memory deficits. The objective of the study is to identify the effects of high fat diet-induced obesity in postnatal period on serum lipids, memory and neural cell survival in hippocampus and compare the role of choline and DHA or environmental enrichment in attenuating the alterations.

Materials And Methods: 21 day postnatal male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned as Normal control [NC] fed normal chow diet, Obesity-induced [OB] fed high fat diet, Obesity-induced fed choline & DHA [OB + CHO + DHA], Obesity-induced environmental enrichment [OB + EE] [ = 8/group].

Covido-pedago-phobia.

Straight out of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual COVID‐19 edition comes Covido‐pedago‐phobia. Here the authors identify its manifestations and reflect on its prevalence.