Unusual duplication and vulnerable intrapancreatic course of the left gastroepiploic artery: a rare anatomical variation.

The left gastroepiploic artery (LGEA) is the least described artery in the medical literature. Unusual variations of this artery might lead to vascular injuries, causing intraoperative bleeding after surgery. We observed rare vascular variations in an adult male cadaver.

Triple Premasseteric Branches of Facial Artery.

Facial artery is known to show variations in its origin, course, termination, and branching pattern. One of its reported variant branch is called premasseteric branch. During our dissection classes, it was observed that an elderly male cadaver had 3 premasseteic branches arising from the facial artery.

Dangerous twisted communications between external and internal iliac veins which might rupture during catheterization.

In this report, four unusual communications between external and internal iliac veins of the left side have been presented. The lowest communication was the narrowest measuring about 2 mm in diameter, the second measured 6 mm, the third had a diameter of 7 mm and the last communication measured 5 mm in breadth. The upper three communications were twisted in a helical manner.

A cadaveric study of variations of external iliac artery and its implication in trauma and radiology.

Objectives: A severe and potentially lethal complication in pelvic injuries is arterial bleeding commonly involving the iliac arteries. Hence, the objective of our study was to systematically document the morphology and variations of the external iliac artery in human cadaveric pelvises.

Materials And Methods: Study was conducted on 48 pelvic halves which were obtained by making mid-line saw cuts through formalin embalmed adult human male cadaveric pelvises.

An improved light dark box test by using a real-time video tracking system.

In the behavioral science field, many of the oldest tests have still most frequently been used almost in the same way for decades. The subjective influence of human observer and the large inter-observer and interlab differences are substantial among these tests. This necessitates the possibility of using technological innovations for behavioral science to obtain new parameters, results and insights as well.

Multiple Variations at the Base of an Adult Skull: Implications in Radiology and Skull Base Surgery.

Knowledge of variations at the base of the skull may be important for academic, anthropological, forensic, and clinical purposes, especially in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and while performing safe radical surgery. This report presents multiple variations at the base of an adult Indian skull. The variations noted include the presence of foramen of Civinini bilaterally, absence of carotid canal on the left side, reduced size of foramen lacerum on the left side, presence of petro-occipital foramen bilaterally, asymmetry between the jugular fossae, and asymmetrical occipital condyles.

Two accessory muscles of leg: potential source of entrapment of posterior tibial vessels.

Accessory muscles can be found in any part of the body. In most of the regions, they go unnoticed. However, in some cases, they become symptomatic or of cosmetic concern.

Double pouched, sigmoid gallbladder that can cause a diagnostic dilemma to radiologists: a case report.

Gallbladder shows frequent variations in position, shape, interior, and its duct system. These variations may go unnoticed lifelong; however, they may predispose it for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. We observed a double pouched gallbladder in an adult male cadaver.

Variant termination of first and second jejunal veins into a "pancreatic portal vein".

Jejunal veins usually terminate into the superior mesenteric vein. Here, an unusual termination of first and second jejunal veins into a pancreatic portal vein has been presented. The common vein formed by the first and second jejunal veins could be named as pancreatic portal vein because it divided into two branches in front of the third part of the duodenum and these two branches entered the head of the pancreas and further divided into smaller branches before anastomosing with the tributaries of pancreatico-duodenal veins.

Jug Handle Tributary of Internal Jugular Vein: A Potentially Dangerous Venous Variation.

Variations of internal jugular vein (IJV) are rare and are surgically important. Here an unreported variation of IJV is presented. Right IJV had an unusual vein joining it in the form of a "jug handle.

Haemostatic potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis.

Background: To evaluate the haemostatic potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl) induced liver cirrhosis in Wistar rats.

Methods: This was an experimental study. Liver cirrhosis was induced in adult female Wistar rats using CCl.

Lingual Nerve Entrapment in Fused Submandibular and Sublingual Salivary Glands: A Unique Finding.

Lingual nerve (LN) is one among the 3 branches of posterior division of mandibular nerve. It might get entrapped in the infratemporal fossa by lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygospinous ligament, or lateral pterygoid plate. Its entrapment in the submandibular region has not been reported yet.

Effectiveness of a comprehensive educational programme for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to identify individuals in the Udupi district with bleeding disorders: A community-based survey.

Introduction: The awareness and knowledge on bleeding disorders is generally poor among the rural population. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) serve as the facilitators between the rural community and the health care system. Training of ASHAs in screening of rural population for early identification of bleeding disorders can enable prompt referral, timely detection and management of bleeding disorders.

Trifurcation of right coronary artery and its huge right ventricular branch: can it be hazardous?

The objective of this case report is to alert the cardiologists and radiologists about the possibility of an extremely rare trifurcation of the right coronary artery. During dissection classes, an early trifurcation of the right coronary artery (RCA) was observed in an adult male cadaver aged approximately 65 years. The RCA had a normal origin from the anterior aortic sinus.

Solitary osteochondroma in the body of the pubic bone: a cadaveric case report.

Osteochondromas develop as cartilaginous nodules in the periosteum of bones. They are the commonest benign tumors of the skeleton, generally observed in the long bones. Rarely, they are also found in the axial skeleton, flat bones of skull and facial bones.

Fostering critical thinking and collaborative learning skills among medical students through a research protocol writing activity in the curriculum.

Purpose: This intervention was aimed to analyse the effect of academic writing and journal critiquing as educational approaches in improving critical thinking and collaborative learning among undergraduate medical students.

Methods: A research proposal writing format was created for the 4th year medical students of Melaka Manipal Medical College, Malaysia during their ophthalmology clinical postings. The students worked in small groups and developed research protocols through an evidence based approach.

A rare case of atypical thoracodorsal artery: a challenge for flap reconstruction.

The thoracodorsal artery mainly supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. Anatomical details pertaining to the origin and distribution of thoracodorsal artery are important because the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is one of the most reliable and versatile flaps used in reconstructive surgery. Atypical origin and course of the thoracodorsal artery is, therefore, a challenge for flap reconstruction surgeries.

Accessory Submandibular Salivary Gland Forming a "Horseshoe" With the Main Submandibular Salivary Gland: A Unique Variation.

Presence of accessory submandibular salivary gland (ASSG) is an extremely rare variation. Knowledge of its relations could be very useful to oral and maxillofacial surgeons, head and neck surgeons, and radiologists. During dissection classes, an ASSG was noted between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure effects on amygdala morphology, place preference behavior and brain caspase-3 activity in rats.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the changes in amygdala morphology and emotional behaviors, upon exposure to chronic RF-EMR in adolescent rats. Four weeks old male albino Wistar rats were exposed to 900 MHz (power density:146.60 μW/cm2) from a mobile phone in silent-mode for 28 days.

Accessory fold of skin on the ventral surface of the penis: Is it a redundant prepuce?

Variations in the skin of the prepuce are very rare. We report here a variation of the penile skin as observed in an adult male cadaver aged approximately 65 years. The penis was covered by thin nonhairy skin.

activity of recombinant lysostaphin in combination with linezolid, vancomycin and oxacillin against methicillin-resistant .

Background And Objectives: The antimicrobial combination with synergistic mechanism is recommended to provide broad-spectrum coverage, and prevent the emergence of resistant mutants. In the present study, the synergistic activity of lysostaphin with linezolid, oxacillin and vancomycin, against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) clinical isolates was determined.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-three MRSA isolates collected from clinical specimens were tested, for synergistic activity of lysostaphin with linezolid, vancomycin and oxacillin, by checkerboard assay.

Accessory Lobe of Liver Associated with a "Bean Shaped" Gall Bladder.

Occurrence of accessory lobes of liver and anomalies of gall bladder is quite common. A thorough knowledge of their variation can minimise diagnostic and surgical errors. We found concurrent variations of liver and gall bladder.