Antibiotic susceptibility testing and molecular characterization based on whole-genome sequencing of isolates from pediatric infections at the National Regional Medical Center of Southwest China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: is a transmitted respiratory pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in children, especially those under 5 years of age. During the implementation of population control measures for COVID-19 in mainland China, the detection rate in pediatric patients decreased. However, with the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (2022), the incidence of pneumococcal disease (PD) and even invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) began to rise again.

Prenatal Phenotypic Expansion: A Fetus With Neurodegeneration With Developmental Delay, Early Respiratory Failure, Myoclonic Seizures, and Brain Abnormalities (NDDRSB) and MED11 Variants.

Neurodegeneration with developmental delay, early respiratory failure, myoclonic seizures, and brain abnormalities (NDDRSB) is an extremely rare but severe disorder. Here, we describe the case of a 24-week-old fetus from a Chinese family with healthy parents. The fetus presented with hydrops fetalis and abnormal limb posturing.

HSD11B1 overexpression in dendritic cells and stromal cells relates to endometriosis by inhibiting dendritic cell proliferation and maturation.

Aims: This study aims to explore the alterations of dendritic cells (DCs) subpopulations in ectopic endometrial lesions and unveil the underlying mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Patients with endometriosis ( = 81) and women without endometriosis ( = 19) were recruited in this study. Dendritic cells (DCs) in the endometrial samples were counted after immunohistochemistry staining.

Identifying therapeutic targets for primary ovarian insufficiency through integrated genomic analyses.

Background: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a disorder characterized by the premature decline in ovarian function, leading to significant fertility and health impacts on women under 40. The unclear etiology of POI hinders the development of effective treatments, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets.

Methods: This study employed genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) integrated with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from the GTEx and eQTLGen databases.

Identification and functional analysis of a rare variant of gene DHX37 in a patient with 46,XY disorders of sex development.

Background: 46,XY sex reversal 11 (SRXY11) [OMIM#273250] is characterized by genital ambiguity that may range from mild male genital defects to gonadal sex reversal in severe cases. DHX37 is an RNA helicase that has recently been reported as a cause of SRXY11. So far, a total of 21 variants in DHX37 have been reported in 58 cases with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD).

Interpretation of vaginal metagenomic characteristics in different types of vaginitis.

Unlabelled: Although vaginitis is closely related to vaginal microecology in females, the precise composition and functional potential of different types of vaginitis remain unclear. Here, metagenomic sequencing was applied to analyze the vaginal flora in patients with various forms of vaginitis, including cases with a clue cell proportion ranging from 1% to 20% (Clue1_20), bacterial vaginitis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and BV combined with VVC (VVC_BV). Our results identified as an important biomarker between BV and Clue1_20.

Serotype, antibiotic susceptibility and whole-genome characterization of in all age groups living in Southwest China during 2018-2022.

Background: is a common pathogen that colonizes the human upper respiratory tract, causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence status of isolated from patients of all ages in Southwest China, including serotype, antibiotic susceptibility and other molecular characteristics, to provide a basis for clinical antibiotic usage and vaccine development.

Methods: This study was conducted from January 2018 to March 2022 at West China Hospital, West China Second University Hospital, First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District (West China Longquan Hospital), Meishan Women and Children's Hospital (Alliance Hospital of West China Second University Hospital) and Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Women and Children Health.

Human papillomavirus E7 protein induces homologous recombination defects and PARPi sensitivity.

Purpose: Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, pathologically associated with persistent infection of high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Previous studies revealed that HPV-positive cervical cancer displays genomic instability; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.

Methods: To investigate if DNA damage responses are aggravated in precancerous lesions of HPV-positive cervical epithelium, cervical tissues were biopsied and cryosectioned, and subjected to immunofluorescent staining.

The causal relationship of female infertility and psychiatric disorders in the European population: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Infertility affects many couples globally, causing physical, emotional, and financial burdens. While observational studies suggest a link between psychiatric disorders and female infertility, causal relationships remain uncertain. Mendelian randomization analysis, using genome-wide association studies data, minimizes confounding factors and reverse causation, providing valuable insights into causal associations.

Immunoinformatics Prediction and Protective Efficacy of Vaccine Candidate PiuA-PlyD4 Against Streptococcus Pneumoniae.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the immune protective efficacy of the novel protein vaccine PiuA-PlyD4 through immunoinformatics prediction and in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Methods: In this study, we conducted immunoinformatics prediction and protection analysis on the fusion protein PiuA-PlyD4. The epitope composition of the vaccine was analyzed based on the prediction of B-cell and helper T-cell epitopes.

Pilus of : structure, function and vaccine potential.

The pilus is an extracellular structural part that can be detected in some () isolates (type I pili are found in approximately 30% of strains, while type II pili are found in approximately 20%). It is anchored to the cell wall by LPXTG-like motifs on the peptidoglycan. Two kinds of pili have been discovered, namely, pilus-1 and pilus-2.

Peptidase inhibitor (PI16) impairs bladder cancer metastasis by inhibiting NF-κB activation via disrupting multiple-site ubiquitination of NEMO.

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a malignancy that frequently metastasizes and leads to poor patient prognosis. It is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression and metastasis of BLCA and identify potential biomarkers.

Methods: The expression of peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) was analysed using quantitative PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry assays.

[Visualization analysis of research hotspots in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in China].

The aim of this study is to analyze the research hotspots and development trends in the field of pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in China from 2013 to 2022. Based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Science and Technology Journal Database, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science core collection and PubMed database, the related literatures in the field of pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in China from 2013 to 2022, were retrieved to establish the database, and the VOSviewer software was used for bibliometric analysis. A total of 1 664 Chinese and 2 149 English literatures are included in this study.

Bone Turnover Markers in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Previous studies suggested that the level of bone turnover markers (BTMs) could be altered in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding on the associations between BTMs and NAFLD in adults with a meta-analysis.

Methods: Articles published up to January 31, 2023, were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane database, Embase, and CNKI.

The molecular mechanisms of recombinant chromosome 18 with parental pericentric inversions and a review of the literature.

Chromosomal rearrangements mostly result from non-allelic homologous recombination mediated by low-copy repeats (LCRs) or segmental duplications (SDs). Recent studies on recombinant chromosome 18 (rec (18)) have focused on diagnoses and clinical phenotypes. We diagnosed two cases of prenatal rec (18) and identified precise breakpoint intervals using karyotype and chromosomal microarray analyses.

Missed opportunities for screening congenital syphilis early during pregnancy: A case report and brief literature review.

Congenital syphilis is a significant public health problem. Pregnant women infected with Treponema pallidum present with various clinical manifestations, mainly including skin or visceral manifestations. The extensive clinical manifestations of infection mimic those of many other diseases during pregnancy, which may lead to delayed diagnosis and serious consequences.

Construction and protective efficacy of a novel fusion protein vaccine NanAT1-TufT1-PlyD4.

During the past decades, with the implementation of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), a dramatic reduction in vaccine type diseases and transmissions has occurred. However, it is necessary to develop a less expensive, serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine due to the emergence of nonvaccine-type pneumococcal diseases and the limited effect of vaccines on colonization. As next-generation vaccines, conserved proteins, such as neuraminidase A (NanA), elongation factor Tu (Tuf), and pneumolysin (Ply), are promising targets against pneumococcal infections.

Extracellular vesicles-transferred SBSN drives glioma aggressiveness by activating NF-κB via ANXA1-dependent ubiquitination of NEMO.

Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Although extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based cell-to-cell communication mediates glioma progression, the key molecular mediators of this process are still not fully understood. Herein, we elucidated an EVs-mediated transfer of suprabasin (SBSN), leading to the aggressiveness and progression of glioma.

SBSN drives bladder cancer metastasis via EGFR/SRC/STAT3 signalling.

Background: Patients with metastatic bladder cancer have very poor prognosis and predictive biomarkers are urgently needed for early clinical detection and intervention. In this study, we evaluate the effect and mechanism of Suprabasin (SBSN) on bladder cancer metastasis.

Methods: A tissue array was used to detect SBSN expression by immunohistochemistry.

Molecular Characterization Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing of in Children Living in Southwest China During 2017-2019.

Background: is an important pathogen causing high morbidity and high mortality in children and undergoes frequent recombination for capsule switching to neutralize the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and molecular characteristics including serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated from children living in Southwest China from 2017 to 2019 to facilitate the selection of effective vaccine formulations and appropriate antibiotic treatment regimens.

Methods: This study was conducted at West China Second University Hospital (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China), Zunyi Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital/First People's Hospital of Zunyi (Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China) and Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China).

Cell type-specific genotoxicity in estrogen-exposed ovarian and fallopian epithelium.

Background: Loss of the genomic stability jeopardize genome stability and promote malignancies. A fraction of ovarian cancer (OvCa) arises from pathological mutations of DNA repair genes that result in highly mutagenic genomes. However, it remains elusive why the ovarian epithelial cells are particularly susceptible to the malfunction of genome surveillance system.