Histopathological Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Inflammation and Thrombus Formation in Mice: The Protective Effects of Aspirin.

Hepatitis, a significant medical concern owing to its potential to cause acute and chronic liver disease, necessitates early intervention. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the histopathological features of lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice, focusing on tissue alterations. The results demonstrated that hepatocytes exhibited decreased eosin staining, indicating cellular shrinkage, whereas sinusoids were swollen with blood cells.

Fatty acids from cheese stimulate cholesterol efflux by ABC transporters.

It is essential to remove cholesterol from the body to suppress atherosclerosis progression. ABCA1 and ABCG1 transport cholesterol in peripheral cells including macrophages and function in the formation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). ABCG5/ABCG8 functions in the efflux of cholesterol from the body.

Assessment of factors associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: The incidence of antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is difficult to predict in real-world practice because various factors influence it. This study aimed to explore background and medication-related factors associated with weight gain in patients newly prescribed with antipsychotic medication.

Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted in Japan.

Effectiveness of sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial stimulation versus bilateral theta burst stimulation for patients with treatment-resistant depression (BEAT-D): A randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.

Background: Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (BL-rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Owing to a shorter treatment time, bilateral theta burst stimulation (BL-TBS) can be more efficient protocol. The non-inferiority of BL-TBS to BL-rTMS was established in late-life TRD; however, this has not been determined in adults of other age groups.

Administration of a Selective Antagonist for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor in the Hippocampus Causes Anxiolytic Effects in the Male Rat.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) affects rodents' stress-related behaviors, such as anxiety-like behavior or fear conditioning. However, previous studies have investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular, but not hippocampal, injection of this PAC1R-selective antagonist (PACAP-6-38) on anxiety-like behavior. However, it has been reported that administration of PACAP-6-38 to the dorsal hippocampus reduces the fear response in a fear conditioning test.

A 25-year clonal resurrection in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma relapse.

Here, we report a rare case of relapsed adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) with evidence of clonal relapse 26 years after initial diagnosis. The patient had been diagnosed with an aggressive form of lymphoma-type ATL 26 years prior and did not receive further ATL treatment for approximately 26 years after achieving complete remission. We used nested PCR to identify the amplification of ATL clone-specific accumulation sites in DNA from hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens from the patient.

Inhibition of shoot branching in Arabidopsis by the artificially produced canonical-strigolactone.

Strigolactones (SLs) are apocarotenoid plant hormones that regulate shoot branching. The natural SLs can be divided into two groups, canonical and non-canonical SLs according to those chemical structures. In a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, it has been thought to produce only non-canonical SLs.

Calmodulin enhances mTORC1 signaling by preventing TSC2-Rheb binding.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) functions as a master regulator of cell growth and proliferation. We previously demonstrated that intracellular calcium ion (Ca) concentration modulates the mTORC1 pathway via binding of the Ca sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) to tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), a critical negative regulator of mTORC1. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which Ca/CaM modulates mTORC1 activity remains unclear.

Charging and Discharging of Poly(-aminophenylboronic Acid) Doped with Phytic Acid for Enzyme-Free Real-Time Monitoring of Human Sweat Lactate.

In this study, we realized a real-time and enzyme-free measurement of lactate in sweat in the same way as an enzyme-based amperometric method. A conductive polymer, which is based on polyaniline (PANI), was strongly coated on a glassy carbon electrode as a poly -aminophenylboronic acid (PANI-PBA) membrane by drop-casting, which is a convenient method, owing to adhesive phytic acid (PA) molecules with negative charges included as a dopant. This polymer membrane had a functional structure with PBA in the PANI main chain, which expectedly induced electrical charges upon diol binding to lactate, owing to the formation of deprotonated boronate esters with negative charges.

The association between obesity and efficacy of psoriasis therapies: An expert consensus panel.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease often associated with obesity. Psoriasis therapies may be less effective in patients with obese. The purpose of this expert consensus panel is to evaluate the relationship between obesity and efficacy of psoriasis therapies, thereby optimizing patient care.

A case of cholangitis with Vibrio fluvialis bacteremia possibly related to frequent consumption of supermarket sushi in a Japanese woman with a gallbladder-duodenal fistula.

Vibrio fluvialis is a halophilic, motile, flagellated, gram-negative bacterium commonly associated with acute gastroenteritis. However, extraintestinal infections are rare. We describe an unusual case of V.

Isolation and characterization of Iwanai Valley virus, a new tick-borne nairovirus from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Hokkaido, Japan.

Most members of the genus Orthonairovirus, represented by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Nairobi sheep disease virus, are tick-borne, and some have become a public health concern in recent years. Here, we report the isolation and genetic and biological characterization of a new orthonairovirus, designated as "Iwanai Valley virus" (IWVV), from Ixodes ovatus ticks in Hokkaido, Japan. The amino acid sequence of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) was found to be 34-45% identical to those of known orthonairoviruses.

Pre-ribosomal WDR74 module coordinates the early and late pre-rRNA processing stages for the NVL2-mediated regulation of 60S ribosome biogenesis.

WD repeat domain 74 (WDR74) is a nucleolar protein involved in the early stages of pre-60S maturation in the ribosome biogenesis pathway. In later stages, WDR74 interacts with MTR4, an RNA helicase that functions with the exosome nuclease complex, and is dissociated upon ATP hydrolysis by the chaperone-like nuclear VCP-like 2 (NVL2) AAA-ATPase. We previously reported that ATP hydrolysis-defective NVL2 causes aberrant accumulation of WDR74 on the MTR4-exosome complex at the nucleolar periphery and in the nucleoplasm and that this nuclear redistribution of WDR74 leads to the unusual cleavage of the early rRNA precursor within the internal transcribed spacer 1 sequence.

Effective use of dupilumab for eosinophilic gastritis concomitant with severe asthma.

Background: Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorders characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and eosinophilic inflammation in specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. "Eosinophilic gastritis" (EoG) refers to the condition in which the stomach is involved. In patients with EoG, approved treatment options are restricted despite the high mortality associated with the condition.

Prevalence of suspected anemia in Japanese young children determined using non-invasive hemoglobin measurements: an observational study.

Recently, non-invasive hemoglobin measurement (SpHb) using Pulse CO-Oximeter Rad-67™ Spot-check (Rad-67) has been validated although anemia diagnosis typically relies on blood hemoglobin concentration measurement. In this large-scale survey of Japanese children aged 1-5 years, we evaluated SpHb distribution to understand the prevalence of suspected anemia, and further examined the relationship between SpHb and background factors. Children were recruited from large retail stores in Japan between November 2022 and August 2023.

Use of a mouse-human chimeric anti-α-galactosidase A monoclonal antibody as a reference for measuring serum antidrug antibody titers in patients with Fabry disease.

The detection of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is important for monitoring patients with Fabry disease who are undergoing enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant α-galactosidase A (GLA) drugs, as ADAs can cause allergic reactions and reduce therapeutic efficacy. Various immunological methods, particularly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are widely used to measure serum ADA titers in patients with Fabry disease. However, estimating and comparing results of ELISA is challenging because of the absence of a reference antibody.

Taiso practice and risk of functional disability and dementia among older adults in Japan: The JAGES cohort study.

Background: Taiso is a Japanese term encompassing meanings akin to calisthenics. Taiso is a widely used exercise program in Japan but whether it prevents functional disability and dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between practicing Taiso, especially focusing on the well-known Radio-Taiso, and functional disability and dementia in older adults in Japan.

Preferred Orientation of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Along the -Axis Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is similar to the main inorganic components of bone and tooth enamel. Furthermore, it possesses biocompatibility, making it suitable for clinical use in artificial bones. This study aimed to verify whether the preferred orientation of HAp influences osteogenesis.

The Remarkable Diversity of Vertebrate Bitter Taste Receptors: Recent Advances in Genomic and Functional Studies.

Bitter taste perception is crucial for animal survival. By detecting potentially harmful substances, such as plant secondary metabolites, as bitter, animals can avoid ingesting toxic compounds. In vertebrates, this function is mediated by taste receptors type 2 (T2Rs), a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on taste buds.

Frequency and Significance of Body Weight Loss During Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Limited data are available on the frequency and significance of body weight loss during cancer therapy. This study investigated the frequency of patients who experienced body weight loss during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the impact of weight loss on treatment outcomes. Using the clinical data of 370 patients with NSCLC who received a combination of ICI and chemotherapy at 13 institutions, this study investigated the frequency of body weight loss > 5% during treatment and determined the impact of body weight loss on patient outcomes.

A practice-oriented genome-profiling study for acute myeloid leukemia using the novel HANDLE system: HM-screen-JAPAN02.

HM-SCREEN-Japan is a multicenter collaborative project in Japan to evaluate the clinical utility of a cancer genome panel in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The HM-SCREEN-JAPAN02 study used the Amoy Myeloid Panel with the HANDLE system, which enables efficient and rapid sequencing, as the genomic testing kit. The Amoy Myeloid Panel targets 53 genes with established clinical significance or high prevalence.

Efficacy and Safety of One Shot of Hyaluronic Acid in Hip Osteoarthritis: Postmarketing Clinical Follow-Up for Real-World Evidence.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of intra-articular (IA) hyaluronic acid (HA) injections in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). Given the increasing burden of hip osteoarthritis and limited evidence supporting viscosupplementation in this context, this research aims to provide valuable insights under real clinical practice conditions.

Patients And Methods: An observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of patients with hip OA treated with a single injection of HA (Adant One, Meiji Pharma Spain, Spain) from January 2021 to December 2022.

Exploring Molecular Descriptors and Acquisition Functions in Bayesian Optimization for Designing Molecules with Low Hole Reorganization Energy.

Organic semiconductors have been widely studied owing to their potential applications in various devices, such as field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and image sensors. However, they have a limitation of significantly lower carrier mobility compared to silicon, which is a widely used inorganic semiconductor. Therefore, to address such limitations, these molecules should be further explored.

Absolute quantification of eight human milk oligosaccharides in breast milk to evaluate their concentration profiles and associations with infants' neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been positively associated with child neurodevelopment in some cohort studies. However, there is a lack of consistency in the association between HMOs and benefits to infants' brains. Moreover, the quantification methods for HMOs have not yet been standardized.

Trends in syphilis treatments and the impact of intramuscular injectable Benzathine penicillin G in Japan: A descriptive study using administrative claims data from April 2016 to September 2023.

Introduction: The incidence of syphilis is increasing in Japan. A new treatment, penicillin intramuscular injection, was launched in January 2022. This study aimed to determine syphilis treatments in Japan and investigate the impact of the new intramuscular penicillin formulation.