Disruption of the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle Involving Astrocytes in an Animal Model of Depression for Males and Females.

Women are twice as likely as men to develop major depression. The brain mechanisms underlying this sex disparity are not clear. Disruption of the glutamate-glutamine cycle has been implicated in psychiatric disturbances.

Overview of substance use disorders and incarceration of african american males.

Incarceration affects the lives of many African American men and often leads to poverty, ill health, violence, and a decreased quality of life. There has been an unprecedented increase in incarceration among African American males since 1970. In 2009, the incarceration rate among black males was 6.