Management of the Hospitalized Patient with Acute Colitis.

Acute severe ulcerative colitis is a rapidly progressive severe form of colitis that can occur in 20-30% patients with ulcerative colitis. Early recognition, hospitalization at centers with experience and expertise and multidisciplinary treatment is the cornerstone of appropriate management of this condition. After excluding infections and other differentials, patients should be started on parenteral corticosteroids to control inflammation.

Treatment of Extra-Intestinal Abscess following Acute Appendicitis.

Unlabelled: infection (CDI) commonly presents with diarrhoea, colitis, and in more severe cases, toxic megacolon. Extraintestinal infection (EI CDI) is rarely reported. Intraabdominal abscesses are the most commonly reported EI CDI presentation.

Outcomes of Patients Who Developed Clostridioides difficile Infection During Hospitalization and Had a History of Comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Introduction: (), is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Antibiotic use is a risk factor for developing infection (CDI). Clinical presentations of CDI range from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis.

Outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Hospitalized Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Background The development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is multifactorial. Stress from anxiety is a risk factor for IBD. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is twice as likely in IBD patients.

Colonic pseudo-obstruction in a patient with dyssynergic defecation: A case report.

Unlabelled: Introduction and importance: Colonic pseudo-obstruction (CPO) is characterized by massive colonic dilatation of the large intestine without mechanical obstruction. In this study, we report our surgical experience in treating refractory CPO with increased anal sphincter tone, suggested as type IV dyssynergia.

Case Presentation: A 48-year-old man with intellectual disability, depression, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease presented with acute exacerbation of CPO.

A Potential Role of Cholinergic Dysfunction on Impaired Colon Motility in Experimental Intestinal Chagas Disease.

Background/aims: Chagasic megacolon is caused by , which promotes in several cases, irreversible segmental colonic dilation. This alteration is the major anatomic-clinical disorder, characterized by the enteric nervous system and muscle wall structural damage. Herein, we investigate how -induced progressive colonic structural changes modulate the colonic contractile pattern activity.

[A case of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) complicated by chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction].

A 42-year-old woman presented at our hospital with acute paraphasia and word finding difficulty. She was not paralyzed or ataxic. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) was diagnosed based on brain MRI finding of edematous lesions in bilateral temporal lobe cortexes that did not match the vascular territory, elevated lactate and pyruvate levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and the presence of a mtDNA 3243A>G mutation.

Idiopathic megabowel causing acute bowel obstruction: A case report.

Background: Idiopathic megabowel is a rare condition. Its physiopathology is still unclear. We report a case of a patient presenting with acute bowel obstruction due to idiopathic megacolon and megarectum that was successfully treated with proctocolectomy.

Toxicity of phosphate enemas - an updated review.

Introduction: Enemas containing phosphate are widely prescribed and may cause important adverse effects. A systemic review published in 2007 reported the literature on the adverse effects of phosphate enemas from January 1957 to March 2007 and identified 12 deaths. These were thought due to electrolyte disturbances, heart failure and kidney injury.

Prospective validation of AIIMS index as a predictor of steroid failure in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis.

Background: Optimal outcomes in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) are related to time-bound management based upon early prediction of response to intravenous (IV) steroids. In an earlier study, we described the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) index (baseline Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity [UCEIS] ≥ 7 and day 3 fecal calprotectin [FCP] > 1000 μg/g) for predicting failure of IV steroids. The current study is designed to validate this index in a prospective cohort.

Adult Hirschsprung disease as acute intestinal obstruction: a case report.

Most cases of Hirschsprung disease (HD) cases are known in newborns or infants. Nevertheless, some cases with mild symptoms are not identified until acute presentations, such as bowel obstruction present in adolescence or adulthood. We reported a 25-year-old male with a history of chronic constipation from childhood presenting with bowel obstruction due to HD.

Acute Responses to Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System.

Infectious and inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal system are life-threatening and occur frequently in hospitalized adults. Inflammatory and inflammation-related diseases of the gastrointestinal tract seen in the acutely and critically ill have numerous causes. In acute pancreatitis and toxic infections caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile, where severe infections can develop, inflammation plays a causative and crucial role.

Incidence and Outcomes Associated With Clostridioides difficile Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Importance: Little is known about the incidence and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.

Objective: To estimate the CDI incidence and outcomes in SOT recipients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A population-based cohort study was conducted using administrative health care data for all Ontario, Canada, residents who received organ allografts from April 1, 2003, to December 31, 2017; March 31, 2020, was the end of the study period.

[Etiological analysis and surgical method selection of adult megacolon].

Adult megacolon is a rare disease with heterogeneneous etiology. The treatment schemes of megacolon caused by different causes are also different, but surgery is the final and the most effective method. Due to the lack of early understanding of the disease, many patients have not been clearly diagnosed as adult megacolon and have not been properly treated.

Sigmoid volvulus; a rare complicated presentation of Hirschsprung's disease: A case report.

Introduction: Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is a rare complication of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) with only 31 cases have been reported in the English literature. Although its diagnosis is challenging, unrecognized SV is a life-threatening condition requiring early recognition to decrease morbidity and mortality.

Presentation Of Case: A 14-year-old male presented to our emergency department with massive abdominal distention.

Tuberculosis in an infant with Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis: a case report.

Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a serious and life-threatening condition, and atypical tuberculosis (TB) associated with HAEC is even more serious. A male newborn aged 4 days was diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease and transanal Soave pull-through was performed at 4 months old. Six months later, he suffered from enterocolitis.

Rectal endometriosis presenting as toxic megacolon.

Background: The bowel is the most common site of extragenital endometriosis, with involvement of the locoregional sigmoid colon and anterior rectum seen most often. The clinical presentation varies depending on how soon patients seek medical care, thus requiring changes in management strategies. Endometriosis can cause a life-threatening surgical emergency with progressive obliteration of the bowel lumen leading to obstruction and late complications including toxic megacolon and transmural necrosis.

Double check: diagnosis and management of adult Hirschsprung disease.

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a gut motility disorder usually diagnosed acutely in infancy, although variants of HD may present later in life with indolent symptoms. This report highlights the rarity of diagnosing HD and hypoganglionosis in adulthood and the nuances that need consideration for their surgical management. We present a report of a 49-year-old man presenting with chronic constipation.

WSES-AAST guidelines: management of inflammatory bowel disease in the emergency setting.

Background: Despite the current therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, surgery is still frequently required in the emergency setting, although the number of cases performed seems to have decreased in recent years. The World Society of Emergency Surgery decided to debate in a consensus conference of experts, the main pertinent issues around the management of inflammatory bowel disease in the emergent situation, with the need to provide focused guidelines for acute care and emergency surgeons.

Method: A group of experienced surgeons and gastroenterologists were nominated to develop the topics assigned and answer the questions addressed by the Steering Committee of the project.

Treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis using accelerated infliximab regimen based on infliximab trough level: A case report.

Background: Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a complication of ulcerative colitis associated with high levels of circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha, due to the intense inflammation and faster stool clearance of anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs. Dose-intensified infliximab treatment can be beneficial and is associated with lower rates of colectomy. The aim of the study was to present a case of a patient with ASUC and megacolon, treated with hydrocortisone and accelerated scheme of infliximab that was monitored by drug trough level.

A case report of Hirschsprung's disease presenting as sigmoid volvulus and literature review, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Sigmoid volvulus is an uncommon problem in children and adolescents, and is rarely considered a diagnosis in this group. A high index of suspicion is necessary to reach a diagnosis and avoid morbidity and mortality. Sigmoid volvulus is a rare complication of Hirschsprung's disease, which has been reported in neonates, children, and adults.