715 results match your criteria: "Medicine and Research Center[Affiliation]"

Purpose: Ninjury-induced protein 1 (Ninj1) is associated with inflammation and tumor progression and shows increased expression in various cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role of Ninj1 in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) by focusing on its interaction with 17β-estradiol (E2).

Materials And Methods: Using an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model of colitis-associated CRC, wild-type (WT) and Ninj1 knockout (KO) male mice were treated with or without E2.

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Traditional imaging techniques have limited efficacy in detecting occult cervical lymph node (LN) metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) has demonstrated potential for assessing HNSCC, but the literature on its efficacy for detecting cervical LN metastases is scarce and exhibits varied outcomes, hindering comparisons. To compare the efficacy of CT, MRI, PET-CT, and US for detecting LN metastasis in HNSCC with clinically negative neck lymph nodes.

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From Ca dysregulation to heart failure: β-adrenoceptor activation by RKIP postpones molecular damages and subsequent cardiac dysfunction in mice carrying mutant PLN by correction of aberrant Ca-handling.

Pharmacol Res

January 2025

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg 97078, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, Dortmund 44139, Germany; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Würzburg 97078, Germany. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Impaired calcium (Ca) handling in heart cells is a key feature of heart failure (HF), leading to issues like weakened heart contractions and irregular heartbeats.
  • The study used transgenic mice with a mutation affecting a calcium regulator (phospholamban) to understand how defects in calcium cycling contribute to HF, noting that these mice experience severe and fast-progressing heart failure.
  • Early treatment aimed at correcting calcium cycling using Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) was found to delay heart cell damage and improve overall health of the mice, indicating that addressing Ca dynamics early on could be crucial for preventing further complications in heart failure.
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Purpose: This study examined the roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in colon carcinogenesis, underscoring on sex and differences in tumor location.

Materials And Methods: A total of 378 participants were enrolled from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital: 88 healthy controls (HC), 139 patients with colorectal adenoma (AD), and 151 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), methylation-specific PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed utilizing tumor samples from patients and normal mucosa in the HC group.

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Objectives: This review aims to examine the evidence on the benefits and risks of lipid lowering drugs in patients with liver disease. Elevated liver enzyme levels often lead to cautious discontinuation of these drugs, potentially withholding from patients their benefit in reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

Methods And Results: Using a literature search of PubMed, we examine the efficacy and safety profiles of various lipid lowering agents, including statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, and icosapent ethyl, focusing particularly on their potential side effects related to liver health.

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Objective: We aimed to determine the most important perceived barriers to the implementation of self-administered training and assessment in surgical education according to subject matter experts. With these findings, design thinking was used to explore possible interventions and develop a theory of change for overcoming identified barriers. Specifically, implementation was focused on expanding the surgical skills of associate clinicians (ACs) in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs).

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[Current situations and future issues surrounding rabies in Japan and other countries].

Uirusu

December 2024

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • Rabies is a highly infectious viral disease that mainly affects the central nervous system, is often transmitted by mammals like dogs, has a long incubation period, and carries a nearly 100% mortality rate with no effective treatment available.
  • Japan eradicated rabies in 1957 through stringent vaccination measures, and the country maintains strict controls that surpass international standards, despite experiencing a few imported cases since then.
  • Recent events, such as the quarantine of evacuee dogs from Ukraine and a dog bite incident in Gunma Prefecture that raised concerns about rabies, highlight ongoing vigilance and the need for effective rabies control and management strategies both in Japan and globally.
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Article Synopsis
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant public health issue, and the study focused on exclusive positional obstructive sleep apnea (e-POSA) in a Saudi population, examining its prevalence and characteristics.
  • Utilizing a cohort study, researchers found that e-POSA occurred in 21.28% of OSA patients, with a higher prevalence in women (26.76%) compared to men (18.90%), while the overall prevalence in the general population was only 1.86%.
  • The findings indicate that e-POSA patients are generally younger and show milder symptoms, with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) during rapid eye movement (REM) and nonsupine sleep identified as significant predictors of this condition
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Sleep disorders among elderly in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Ann Thorac Med

October 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Sleep Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Article Synopsis
  • Aging impacts sleep patterns, and this study explored the prevalence of sleep disorders in elderly individuals, particularly those aged 65 and older in nursing homes in Jeddah.
  • A total of 313 participants were assessed using various validated questionnaires, revealing that the elderly had significantly higher risks of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) compared to younger individuals.
  • The results indicated a high prevalence of poor sleep quality across both age groups, with significant associations found between insomnia, OSA, high body mass index, and poor sleep quality among the elderly.
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Background: Ketone metabolism has been studied using positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiotracers [C]acetoacetate and [C]β-hydroxybutyrate. However, whether these two radiotracers actually yield equivalent estimates of cerebral and myocardial ketone metabolism has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate and compare the kinetics of both tracers in the brain and heart of healthy rats under varying levels of circulating ketones at baseline and after a single-dose exogenous ketone ester (KE) supplement.

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[Efficacy of Fecal Microbial Transplantation for Improving Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A Pilot Study for Voluntary Participants in Korea].

Korean J Gastroenterol

October 2024

Department of Internal Medicine and Research Center for Sex-Gender-Specific Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Background/aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, intractable functional disease. It is inferred that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may have favorable efficacy on IBS by gut microbial modification. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of FMT for improving severity in patients with IBS.

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This study investigated the role of Ninjurin1 (Ninj1), encoding a small transmembrane protein, in colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in relation to sex hormones. Male and female wild-type (WT) and Ninj1 knockout (KO) mice were treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with or without testosterone propionate (TP). At week 2 (acute colitis stage), Ninj1 KO exhibited an alleviation in the colitis symptoms in both male and female mice.

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Seizures and Epilepsy in Association With Neurocysticercosis: A Nosologic Proposal.

Neurology

November 2024

From the Department of Neurology (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India; Center for Global Health and School of Sciences (H.H.G.), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Cysticercosis Unit (H.H.G.), Instituto Nacional de Ciencaia Neurologicas, Lima, Peru; School of Medicine and Research Center (O.H.D.B.), Universidad Espiritu Santo-Ecuador, Samborondón; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.C.), Bronx, NY; Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy (J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London; and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (J.W.S.), Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom.

Article Synopsis
  • Neurocysticercosis is a big cause of seizures and epilepsy in some areas of the world that struggle to control the infection.
  • Many of the seizures caused by this infection are called "acute symptomatic seizures," but this name isn't really right because the condition isn't just temporary.
  • The text suggests that seizures should be classified based on the stage of the infection and also points out that there are other health issues related to neurocysticercosis that need to be recognized.
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Aberrant hormone receptors regulate a wide spectrum of endocrine tumors.

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol

November 2024

Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, Rouen, France; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen, France.

Aberrant G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) expression is highly prevalent in cortisol-secreting primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) and unilateral adenomas. The aberrant expression of diverse GPCRs and their ligands play an important role in the over-function of various endocrine tumours. Examples include aberrant expression of MC2R, 5-HT4R, AVPR1A, LHCGR, and GnRHR in primary aldosteronism; GCGR, LHCGR, and 5-HT4R in phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas; TRHR, GnRHR, GIPR, and GRP101 in pituitary somatotroph tumours; AVPR2, D2DR, and SSTR5 in pituitary corticotroph tumours; GLP1R, GIPR, and somatostatin receptors in medullary thyroid carcinoma; and SSTRs, GLP1R, and GIPR in other neuroendocrine tumours.

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Management of calcified cysticerci in the brain parenchyma: treating the dead parasite.

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther

December 2024

School of Medicine and Research Center, Universidad Espíritu Santo - Ecuador, Samborondón, Ecuador.

Introduction: Calcifications are the end stage of many parenchymal brain cysticerci and may occur either spontaneously or as the result of treatment with cysticidal drugs. These lesions, traditionally considered inert and asymptomatic, have been associated with several complications that seem to be mostly related to brain damage and inflammation ensuing as the result of the exposure of the host's immune system to parasitic antigens trapped within calcifications.

Areas Covered: This review, based on the search of different electronic databases up to May 2024, focuses on the reported correlates and complications of calcified cysticerci (chronic headaches, seizures/epilepsy, hippocampal atrophy/sclerosis, gliomas), and the different interventions developed for their prevention and treatment.

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Usefulness of the Upright Posture Test in the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism.

J Endocr Soc

August 2024

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 0A9.

Objective: To assess the usefulness of the upright posture stimulation test (UPT) in the confirmation of primary aldosteronism (PA) in patients in whom saline tests (ST) were inconclusive.

Methods: One hundred eighty-seven adult patients with possible PA were retrospectively included and compared to 25 control subjects. Blood samples were obtained after a 1-hour supine posture and during 2 hours of ambulation.

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Thrombin receptor PAR4 cross-activates the tyrosine kinase c-met in atrial cardiomyocytes.

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol

September 2024

Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.

Thrombin supports coagulation-independent inflammation via protease-activated receptors (PAR). PAR4 is specifically increased in obese human atria, correlating with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PAR4-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atrial cardiomyocytes is not known, nor have signaling partners been identified.

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Familial coaggregation of major psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders among first-degree relatives of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.

J Affect Disord

January 2025

Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: Anxiety disorders, major psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and major affective disorders), and neurodevelopmental disorders (e.

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Objective: It has been suggested that choroid plexus calcifications (CPC) may be associated with glymphatic system dysfunction and with disturbed slow-wave (N3) sleep. If this is the case, volumetric analysis of CPC could be used to estimate the functional ability of the glymphatic system. However, data on this association is limited.

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Outcome after ablation of atypical atrial flutter: Is induction a feasible approach?

Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc

October 2024

Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Essen Medical School, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • Atypical atrial flutter (AAF) is a complex heart rhythm issue, and managing patients can be difficult, especially when mapping isn’t possible during the arrhythmia.
  • A study analyzed 97 ablation procedures from 76 patients, finding no significant difference in procedure success whether AAF was ongoing or induced at the start.
  • However, the recurrence of any arrhythmia was higher after ablation of ongoing AAF compared to induced AAF, suggesting inducing AAF may be a valid approach for better long-term outcomes.
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