The role of virtual reality in the changing landscape of surgical training.

Background: The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused unprecedented challenges to surgical training across the world. With the widespread cancellations of clinical and academic activities, educators are looking to technological advancements to help 'bridge the gap' and continue medical education.

Solutions: Simulation-based training as the 'gold standard' for medical education has limitations that prevent widespread adoption outside suitably resourced centres.

Hearing Loss in Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: A Prognostic Factor Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: There is a need to highlight individual prognostic factors determining hearing loss in enlarged (wide) vestibular aqueduct, as currently clinicians cannot counsel parents about the expected clinical course, nor provide individualized hearing rehabilitation plans following identification at newborn screening. We apply a novel methodology to specifically outline and assess the accuracy of prognostic factors reporting for hearing loss in enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Data Sources: A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses compliant systematic review (Prospero ID: CRD42019151199), with searches applied to Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane.

Conservative management of fifth metacarpal head fracture in a professional cricketer: A case study and literature review.

This is a unique presentation of common injury in a young professional athlete. The sensitivity of typical acute clinical signs in athletes is not known. Adequate splinting and early graded mobilization are key for successful rehabilitation, which was shorter than reported in the literature.

Whole transcriptome in silico screening implicates cardiovascular and infectious disease in the mechanism of action underlying atypical antipsychotic side effects.

Background: Stroke/thromboembolic events, infections, and death are all significantly increased by antipsychotics in dementia but little is known about why they can be harmful. Using a novel application of a drug repurposing paradigm, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms underlying adverse events.

Methods: Whole transcriptome signatures were generated for SH-SY5Y cells treated with amisulpride, risperidone, and volinanserin using RNA sequencing.

A cross-sectional study exploring obesity and pregnancy planning among women attending an antenatal clinic in Suva, Fiji.

Background: Pregnancy planning enables maternal health optimisation which is particularly important for women who have obesity and are at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.

Aims: The prevalence of pregnancy planning and its relationship to body mass index (BMI) was investigated in a cohort of women attending antenatal clinics in the main referral hospital in Suva, Fiji.

Materials And Methods: The questionnaire captured health and socio-demographic data, anthropometry and asked about pregnancy planning.

The value of social practice theory for implementation science: learning from a theory-based mixed methods process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Although there is trial evidence that complex interventions are effective for the self-management of heart failure, little evidence supports their effectiveness in routine practice. We used Social Practice Theory to guide a Type 1 Hybrid Trial: a mixed methods process evaluation of a complex intervention for heart failure. The objective of this paper is to explore the value of Social Practice Theory for implementation science.

The Hepatic Sinusoid in Aging and Disease: Update and Advances From the 20th Liver Sinusoid Meeting.

This is a meeting report of the 2019 Liver Sinusoid Meeting, 20th International Symposium on Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid, held in Sydney, Australia, in September 2019. The meeting, which was organized by the International Society for Hepatic Sinusoidal Research, provided an update on the recent advances in the field of hepatic sinusoid cells in relation to cell biology, aging, and liver disease, with particular focus on the molecular and cellular targets involved in hepatic fibrosis, nonalcoholic hepatic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cirrhosis. In addition, the meeting highlighted the recent advances in regenerative medicine, targeted nanotechnologies, therapeutics, and novel methodologies.

Size-Dependent Pulmonary Impact of Thin Graphene Oxide Sheets in Mice: Toward Safe-by-Design.

Safety assessment of graphene-based materials (GBMs) including graphene oxide (GO) is essential for their safe use across many sectors of society. In particular, the link between specific material properties and biological effects needs to be further elucidated. Here, the effects of lateral dimensions of GO sheets in acute and chronic pulmonary responses after single intranasal instillation in mice are compared.

Managing an altered social context-Patients experiences of staying away from home while undergoing proton beam therapy.

Aim: To illuminate the experience of an altered social context for patients with primary brain tumours living away from home while undergoing proton beam therapy.

Design: A descriptive, qualitative cross-sectional interview study.

Methods: Nineteen patients were interviewed between December 2015-August 2016, either during ( = 7) or before and after ( = 12) their proton beam therapy.

Primary Ewing sarcoma of the lung: a challenging case.

Ewing sarcoma usually develops in the second decade of life as a primary osseous malignancy. An extraskeletal primary source of this condition from the lung parenchyma is extremely uncommon. We report the case of a 33-year old man with primary Ewing sarcoma of the lung diagnosed upon postsurgical histological examination.

The influence of diversity on the measurement of functional impairment: An international validation of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire in eight countries.

Introduction: To understand the potential influence of diversity on the measurement of functional impairment in dementia, we aimed to investigate possible bias caused by age, gender, education, and cultural differences.

Methods: A total of 3571 individuals (67.1 ± 9.

Validation of the Manchester spoken language development scale (MSLDS).

Standardized outcome measures are importantfor accurately monitoring the language development of pre-lingually deaf children receiving auditory implants. Current commonly used outcome measures are time-consuming,limiting the practicality of regular testing. To address these limitations, the Manchester Spoken Language Development Scale (MSLDS) was developed as a quick and easily applicable interim measurement.

Prognostic significance of troponin level in 3121 patients presenting with atrial fibrillation (The NIHR Health Informatics Collaborative TROP-AF study).

Background Patients presenting with atrial fibrillation (AF) often undergo a blood test to measure troponin, but interpretation of the result is impeded by uncertainty about its clinical importance. We investigated the relationship between troponin level, coronary angiography, and all-cause mortality in real-world patients presenting with AF. Methods and Results We used National Institute of Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative data to identify patients admitted between 2010 and 2017 at 5 tertiary centers in the United Kingdom with a primary diagnosis of AF.

Correction to: Core Rehabilitation Outcome Set for Single Sided Deafness (CROSSSD) study: protocol for an international consensus on outcome measures for single sided deafness interventions using a modified Delphi survey.

Following the publication of our article [1], the authors have notified us of a typo in the third bullet point of the Consensus Criteria section.

Establishing Genotype-phenotype Correlation in USH2A-related Disorders to Personalize Audiological Surveillance and Rehabilitation.

Objective: USH2A-related disorders are characterised by genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, and are associated with a spectrum of sensory deficits, ranging from deaf blindness to blindness with normal hearing. It has been previously proposed that the presence of specific USH2A alleles can be predictive of unaffected hearing. This study reports the clinical and genetic findings in a group of patients with USH2A-related disease and evaluates the validity of the allelic hierarchy model.

Core Rehabilitation Outcome Set for Single Sided Deafness (CROSSSD) study: protocol for an international consensus on outcome measures for single sided deafness interventions using a modified Delphi survey.

Background: Single-sided deafness (SSD) describes the presence of a unilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. SSD disrupts spatial hearing and understanding speech in background noise. It has functional, psychological and social consequences.

In the hands of nurses: A focus group study of how nurses perceive and promote inpatients' needs for physical activity.

Aims: To describe how nurses perceive and promote inpatients needs for physical activity during their stay at the ward.

Design: A qualitative descriptive design was employed providing an exploration of how nurses perceive and promote inpatients need for physical activity.

Methods: Seven semi-structured focus group discussions were held between November 2016 and February 2017 with 29 nurses in three hospitals in Sweden.

A Systematic Review of Vascular Structure and Function in Pre-eclampsia: Non-invasive Assessment and Mechanistic Links.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia, are known to be independently associated with the development of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. In pre-eclampsia, the placenta secretes excess anti-angiogenic factors into the maternal circulation, leading to widespread endothelial damage, and inflammation. This endothelial damage is evidenced to persist beyond the acute illness.

Intellectual functioning in alpha-mannosidosis.

Alpha-mannosidosis is a rare inherited metabolic disorder (OMIM #248500) caused by mutations in the enzyme α-mannosidase encoded by the gene . Patients have distinct physical and developmental features, but only limited information regarding standardized cognitive functioning of patients has been published. Here we contribute intellectual ability scores (IQ) on 12 patients with alpha-mannosidosis (ages 8-59 years, 10 males, 2 females).

ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients Without Standard Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors-How Common Are They, and What Are Their Outcomes?

Background Programs targeting the standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking) are critical to tackling coronary heart disease at a community level. However, myocardial infarction in SMuRF-less individuals is not uncommon. This study uses 2 sequential large, multicenter registries to examine the proportion and outcomes of SMuRF-less ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Errors in inhaler use related to devices and to inhalation technique among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary health care.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe inhaler use in primary health care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to categorize these patients into those making errors related to devices, those making errors related to inhalation technique and those making errors related to both.

Design: Observational study.

Methods: COPD nurses used a checklist to assess the use of inhalers by patients with spirometry-verified COPD ( = 183) from primary healthcare centres.