Preferences of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease for Invasive Versus Conservative Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can experience acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with high morbidity and mortality. Early invasive management of ACS is recommended for most high-risk patients; however, choosing between an early invasive versus conservative management approach may be influenced by the unique risk of kidney failure for patients with CKD. Methods and Results This discrete choice experiment measured the preferences of patients with CKD for future cardiovascular events versus acute kidney injury and kidney failure following invasive heart procedures for ACS.

Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, , and baseline cognitive status.

Introduction: Despite the association of vitamin D deficiency with incident dementia, the role of supplementation is unclear. We prospectively explored associations between vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia in 12,388 dementia-free persons from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.

Methods: Baseline exposure to vitamin D was considered D+; no exposure prior to dementia onset was considered D-.

Exploring the Study of Simulation as a Continuing Professional Development Strategy for Physicians.

Introduction: Practicing physicians have the responsibility to engage in lifelong learning. Although simulation is an effective experiential educational strategy, physicians seldom select it for continuing professional development (CPD) for reasons that are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to explore existing evidence on simulation-based CPD and the factors influencing physicians' engagement in simulation-based CPD.

Women and girls with haemophilia: A retrospective cohort study in China.

Introduction: Women and girls with haemophilia (WGH) may have spontaneous/traumatic bleeding similar to that in males with haemophilia, and in addition excessive bleeding during menstruation and delivery.

Aim: To characterize WGH in China and provide guidance for better management.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed the characteristics of WGH registered in the Haemophilia Treatment Center Collaborative Network of China (HTCCNC) Registry, including demographics, diagnosis and treatment, bleeding characteristics, obstetrical and gynaecological experiences, and surgical history.

Derivation and validation of a clinical decision rule to risk-stratify COVID-19 patients discharged from the emergency department: The CCEDRRN COVID discharge score.

Objective: To risk-stratify COVID-19 patients being considered for discharge from the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We conducted an observational study to derive and validate a clinical decision rule to identify COVID-19 patients at risk for hospital admission or death within 72 hours of ED discharge. We used data from 49 sites in the Canadian COVID-19 Emergency Department Rapid Response Network (CCEDRRN) between March 1, 2020, and September 8, 2021.

Apathy and in mild behavioral impairment, and risk for incident dementia.

Introduction: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a high-risk state for incident dementia and comprises five core domains including affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness, psychotic symptoms, and apathy. Apathy is among the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia but can also develop in persons with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The later-life emergence and persistence of apathy as part of the MBI syndrome may be a driving factor for dementia risk.

Effect of socioeconomic status on wait times for patients undergoing treatment for laryngeal conditions in a universal healthcare system.

Objectives: As one of the world's only fully publicly administered, universal healthcare systems, Canada intends to provide equitable access to services for all patients. Socioeconomic status (SES) can affect treatment wait times with implications on health outcomes; however, this has not been evaluated in the setting of laryngeal disease, which incorporates urgent and elective conditions, in a universal healthcare system. This study aims to identify whether SES-affected treatment wait times for laryngeal therapies in this system.

Diabetes in the context of incarceration: A scoping review.

Background: The burden of chronic conditions, like diabetes, is disproportionately carried by people facing social disadvantages (e.g., those with experiences of incarceration).

Development and preclinical testing of the critical care pain observation tool for family caregiver use (CPOT-Fam).

Background And Aims: Pain assessment in noncommunicative intensive care unit (ICU) patients is challenging. For these patients, family caregivers (i.e.

Understanding real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in AL amyloidosis patients diagnosed in Canada: A population-based cohort study.

Amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare and chronic bone marrow disorder. Existing claims data can be used to help understand the real-world treatment patterns and outcomes of this patient population. Various population-based administrative databases in Alberta, Canada were queried from 2010 to mid-2019 to identify cases of AL amyloidosis.

Colonic innate immune defenses and microbiota alterations in acute swine dysentery.

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, an etiologic agent of swine dysentery (SD), is known for causing colitis. Although some aspects of colonic defenses during infection have been described previously, a more comprehensive picture of the host and microbiota interaction in clinically affected animals is required. This study aimed to characterize multiple aspects of colonic innate defenses and microbiome factors in B.

Real-world tertiary referral centre experience stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Identifying strategies for stopping nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major goal in CHB management. Our study describes our tertiary-centre experience stopping nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUC) in CHB. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals with CHB seen at the Calgary Liver Unit between January 2009 and May 2020 who stopped NUC.

The Prevalence of Idiopathic or Inherited Isolated Dystonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: A systematic review of epidemiological studies of primary dystonia from 1985 and 2010 found an overall prevalence of 16.43 per 100,000 (95% CI = 12.09-22.

The role of dyadic cognitive report and subjective cognitive decline in early ADRD clinical research and trials: Current knowledge, gaps, and recommendations.

Efficient identification of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in early stages of the AD disease continuum is a critical unmet need. Subjective cognitive decline is increasingly recognized as an early symptomatic stage of AD. Dyadic cognitive report, including subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) from a participant and an informant/study partner who knows the participant well, represents an accurate, reliable, and efficient source of data for assessing risk.

Gait in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Background Gait is a complex task requiring coordinated efforts of multiple brain networks. To date, there is little evidence on whether gait is altered in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We aimed to identify impairments in gait performance and associations between gait impairment and neuroimaging markers of CAA, cognition, and falls.

Evaluating the Cardiovascular Risk in an Aging Population of People With HIV: The Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection.

Background People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with an unknown added impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. We aimed to identify whether HCV coinfection increases the risk of type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI) and if the risk differs by age. Methods and Results We used data from NA-ACCORD (North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017, PWH (aged 40-79 years) who had initiated antiretroviral therapy.

COVID-19 and family violence: A rapid review of literature published up to 1 year after the pandemic declaration.

Background: After the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, public health restrictions were introduced to slow COVID-19 transmission and prevent health systems overload globally. Work-from-home requirements, online schooling, and social isolation measures required adaptations that may have exposed parents and children to family violence, including intimate partner violence and child abuse and neglect, especially in the early days of the pandemic. Thus, we sought to: (1) examine the occurrence of family violence; (2) identify factors associated with family violence; and (3) identify relevant recommendations, from COVID-19 literature published up to 1 year after the pandemic declaration.

Ups and downs of hypertension control in Canada: critical factors and lessons learned.

As the leading risk for death, population control of increased blood pressure represents a major challenge for all countries of the Americas. In the early 1990's, Canada had a hypertension control rate of 13%. The control rate increased to 68% in 2010, accompanied by a sharp decline in cardiovascular disease.

Bilioptysis associated with alcohol hepatitis without evidence of bronchobiliary fistula: A rare case report.

The presence of bilirubin in the sputum is uncommon but, when present, is most commonly associated with the presence of bronchobiliary fistula, which could be associated with a number of underlying conditions. However, the finding of bilioptysis without bronchobiliary fistula is uncommon, with one associated mechanism postulated to involve increased capillary membrane permeability. This case report describes a patient presenting with bilioptysis while being medically managed with prednisolone for severe alcoholic hepatitis.