Exosome-derived proteins in gastric cancer progression, drug resistance, and immune response.

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a prevalent malignancy globally, often diagnosed at advanced stages owing to subtle early symptoms, resulting in a poor prognosis. Exosomes are extracellular nano-sized vesicles and are secreted by various cells. Mounting evidence indicates that exosomes contain a wide range of molecules, such as DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins, and play crucial roles in multiple cancers including GC.

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Combined with Aerobic Stepping Exercise in Sarcopenia: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) can produce effects similar to high-intensity exercise at lower intensities, making it a potentially more suitable method for older adults with sarcopenia. This study aims to determine the efficacy of the intervention on improving physical fitness in older adults with sarcopenia when blood flow restriction (BFR) and aerobic exercise (AE) are combined (BFR-AE) and to explore the related metabolic and signaling mechanisms.

Methods: This is a three-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial.

Parental/guardians' satisfaction with vaccination service and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study from Eastern China.

Background: Vaccination is a simple and effective preventative measure against infections and diseases among populations, especially children. This study aimed to evaluate parental/guardians' satisfaction with vaccination services and examine its associated factors in China.

Methods: This study used mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative research methods.

Conditional Relay Activation of Theranostic Prodrug by Pretargeting Bioorthogonal Trigger and Fluorescence-guided Visible Light Irradiation.

Bioorthogonalized light-responsive click-and-uncage platform has enabled precise cell surface engineering and timed payload release, but most of such photoactivatable prodrugs have "always-on" photoactivity leading to the dark toxicity. On the other hand, the conditionally activatable photocage is limited to the application of fluorogenic probe/photosensitizer liberation. Herein, we devise a conditionally activatable theranostic platform based on the tetrazine (Tz)-boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) construct, in which tetrazine serves as a quencher motif to disable both the fluorescence and photoresponsivity of BODIPY.

Effects of early antihypertensive treatment on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke with different neurofilament light chain levels.

Background: It is unclear whether the extent of neuroaxonal damage, as measured by circulating levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), would modify the effects of early antihypertensive therapy on cognitive performance following stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effects of early blood pressure reduction on the risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) among patients with different plasma NfL levels.

Methods: A total of 622 eligible patients from a pre-planned ancillary study of CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke) were included in this study.

Neuroprotective Effect of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Against Cognitive impairment in D-galactose-induced Aging Mice.

Aging and age-related cognitive impairment have emerged as a growing global public health concern and remain no effective preventive strategies. Excessive oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been proven to contribute to cognitive decline. Vitamin D maintains the redox balance and exerts immunomodulatory effects, but the specific role of vitamin D in aging and age-related cognitive impairment remains elusive.

Mechanism of starvation induced autophagy and apoptosis in the midgut of silkworm, Bombyx mori, based on calcium homeostasis.

Starvation can induce autophagy and apoptosis in intestinal cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated autophagy and apoptosis in the midgut of the model insect, silkworm (Bombyx mori), focusing on calcium homeostasis. The results indicated that the body weight of silkworms decreased, along with damage to the morphology of their digestive tracts and midguts after starvation treatment.

Effects of mixed exposure to PFAS on adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Integrating evidence from human cohorts, toxicogenomics, and animal models to uncover mechanisms and potential target sites.

Extensive evidence suggests a correlation between environmental pollutants, specifically perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate the association and underlying mechanisms of PFAS-induced NAFLD in adolescents by employing a comprehensive approach of population-based studies, toxicogenomics, and animal models. A total of 2014 freshmen from Dali University were recruited for this study, with 1694 participants undergoing serum testing for PFAS exposure.

O-GlcNAc transferase promotes vascular smooth muscle calcification through modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Vascular calcification (VC), associated with high cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), involves osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). O-GlcNAcylation, a dynamic post-translational modification, is closely linked to cardiovascular diseases, including VC. However, the exact role and molecular mechanism of O-GlcNAc signaling in abnormal mineral metabolism-induced VC remain unclear.

Increased GDF-15 in chronic male patients with schizophrenia: correlation with body mass index and cognitive impairment.

Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a significant role in metabolism and inflammation. Elevated serum levels of GDF-15 have been associated with mood disorders. We propose that GDF-15 may potentially influence cognitive impairment and metabolism in male patients with chronic schizophrenia (CS), although there is limited research on this topic.

Laser-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for lung nodules: a promising approach with reduced operation time.

Background: Pulmonary nodule ablation is an effective method for treating pulmonary nodules. This study is based on the traditional CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of pulmonary nodules. By comparing laser guidance technology with freehand method, this study aims to explore the safety and efficacy and patients' pain scores of these two approaches.

"Shrink back is not my intention": a qualitative exploration of Chinese security guards' experiences with bystander CPR.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health burden worldwide. Promoting bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (B-CPR) is a key element in improving the survival rate of OHCA. The security guard is a specific population in China that plays a significant role as bystanders in public settings.

Differential effects of systemic immune inflammation indices on hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that systemic immune inflammation index (SII) has a positive relationship with hepatic steatosis. However, it is lack of system evidence for the correlation between SII and hepatic fibrosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between SII and hepatic steatosis or hepatic fibrosis.

Engineering bacteria for cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting IDO activity and reprogramming CD8+ T cell response.

Inhibiting indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) for anticancer therapy has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, current IDO inhibitors face significant challenges which limit their clinical application. Here, we genetically engineered a high tryptophan-expressing (L-Trp CB) strain that can colonize tumors strictly following systemic administration.

Inhibition of the cGAS‑STING Pathway Reduces Cisplatin-Induced Inner Ear Hair Cell Damage.

Although cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, it is severely toxic and causes irreversible hearing loss, restricting its application in clinical settings. This study aimed to determine the molecular mechanism underlying cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Here, we established in vitro and in vivo ototoxicity models of cisplatin-induced hair cell loss, and our results showed that reducing STING levels decreased inflammatory factor expression and hair cell death.

Population structure and temporal variation of Oncomelania hupensis snails in a currently Schistosoma japonicum-eliminated area of China using microsatellite analyses.

Schistosomiasis is the second most important tropical disease in terms of socio-economic and public health impact among human parasitic diseases. In China, Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. Despite the significant progress made, the wide distribution of O.

Beyond Dimerization: Harnessing Tetrameric Coiled-Coils for Nanostructure Assembly.

Versatile DNA and polypeptide-based structures have been designed based on complementary modules. However, polypeptides can also form higher oligomeric states. We investigated the introduction of tetrameric modules as a substitute for coiled-coil dimerization units used in previous modular nanostructures.

The Effect of Metformin on Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice.

Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a common complication of thoracic radiotherapy. Metformin has been suggested to have a radioprotective effect. This study explored the radioprotective effects of metformin on RILF and its mechanisms.

Association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among preschool children in Southwest China.

Objective: Maternal moderate-intensity exercise during pregnancy has important health benefits for the offspring, however, less is known about its association with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to explore the association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and ADHD among preschool children in Southwest China.

Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2021, and the revised Conners Parental Symptom Questionnaire and maternal exercise during pregnancy were obtained through a self-reported structured questionnaire.

Menopausal characteristics and hormone replacement therapy in relation to long-term risk of cholecystectomy in women.

Background: Women are known to be at higher risk for gallbladder disease than men, suggesting a role of female hormones in the pathogenesis of gallbladder disease. This study aimed to assess menopausal characteristics, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and their joint effect on long-term risk of cholecystectomy in women.

Methods: A total of 184,677 women were included from the UK Biobank.

Exploring Symptom Cluster Patterns in Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to scrutinize the progression of symptom cluster research in adult cancer patients who received primary or adjuvant chemotherapy between 2001 and 2023, providing a comprehensive understanding of clinical practice and future research.

Methods: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for theme words and free words related to symptom clusters, cancer, and chemotherapy. Eligible studies were published between January 1, 2001, and May 30, 2023; adults who were diagnosed with cancer and received primary or adjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated.

The Joint Effect of Renal Function Status and Coagulation Biomarkers on In-Hospital Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Intravenous Thrombolysis.

Objective: To demonstrate whether combining renal function status [estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] with coagulation biomarkers [fibrinogen (Fg) and d-dimer] is more beneficial in predicting in-hospital outcomes following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods: We studied 417 AIS patients with IVT. According to the cut-offs of coagulation biomarkers (Fg and d-dimer) and eGFR determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the patients were divided into four groups: LFLG (low Fg and low eGFR), LFHG (low Fg and high eGFR), HFLG (high Fg and low eGFR), and HFHG (high Fg and high eGFR); or LDLG (low d-dimer and low eGFR), LDHG (low d-dimer and high eGFR), HDLG (high d-dimer and low eGFR), and HDHG (high d-dimer and high eGFR).

The causal relationship between the human gut microbiota and pyogenic arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Recent studies have indicated the role of the gut microbiota in the progression of osteoarticular diseases, however, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and pyogenic arthritis remains unclear. There is also a lack of theoretical basis for the application of the gut microbiota in the treatment of pyogenic arthritis.

Methods: In our study, we utilized the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the MiBioGen Consortium involving 13,400 participants and extracted summary statistical data of the microbiota metabolic pathways of 7,738 participants of European descent from the Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP) The data of pyogenic arthritis were derived from the FinnGen R10 database, including 1,086 patients and 147,221 controls.

Zinc Homeostasis Plays Important Roles in Hypoxia Tolerance: A Study Conducted Clinically and .

Guo, Yan, Chao Yu, Zhongsheng Lu, Menglan Zhang, Qiang Zhang, and Xiao Liu. Zinc homeostasis plays important roles in hypoxia tolerance: A study conducted clinically and . 00:00-00, 2024.