Preventive Health Perspective in Sports Medicine: The Trend at the Use of Medications and Nutritional Supplements during 5 Years Period between 2003 and 2008 in Football.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of medication and nutritional supplement use in male Football Super League players and to observe the long term changes of players' attitudes during 5 years period (4 seasons).

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Material And Methods: Review and analysis of 4176 doping control forms -declaration reports- about players' medication intake including; Super League, UEFA Cup and the UEFA Champions League matches.

Severe Valvular Regurgitation: An Unexpected Complication During Transapical Aortic Valve Implantation Treated Successfully with the "Valve-in-Valve" Procedure.

Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) in a multimorbid 77 year old female was treated with transapical aortic valve implantation with a 23 mm Edwards Sapien valve. Severe valvular regurgitation following implantation, probably due to structural valve failure, was treated successfully with a second valve-in-valve implantation. During a follow-up time of 2,5 years no further problems occurred.

Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) Closure-Device Disengagement as a Serious Complication and How it Can Be Easily Removed.

A stroke attack in the brainstem area as a serious complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a 51 year old woman with known paroxysmal AF (CHADS(2) score 3) was treated with LAA occlusion procedure after the complication of arterial bleeding secondary to anticoagulation therapy. LAA closure device embolisation was developed following the LAA occlusion procedure. The device was located and removed successfully from the systemic circulation.