Interactions between cholinergic and prostaglandin signaling elements in the urothelium: role for muscarinic type 2 receptors.

Objective: To characterize the interactions between the cholinergic and prostaglandin signaling systems within the urothelium-lamina propria of the guinea pig and elucidate the role of muscarinic receptors in these interactions.

Methods: The urothelium-lamina propria was isolated from guinea pig bladders, cut into strips (5×10 mm), and maintained in vitro. The tissue was either stretched or left unstretched but exposed to 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5'-triphosphate tri(triethylammonium) salt, arecaidine, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Relationships between bone density values from cone beam computed tomography, maximum insertion torque, and resonance frequency analysis at implant placement: a pilot study.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine bone density in designated implant sites using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate possible correlations between age, gender, insertion torque measurements, and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values.

Materials And Methods: Completely and partially edentulous patients were treated with implants between 2007 and 2008 and evaluated retrospectively. The preoperative examination included a panoramic radiograph, CBCT, diagnostic casts, and a clinical examination of the jaws.

Irritative and sensory disturbances in oral implantology. Literature review.

The aim of this study was to review irritative and sensory disturbances following placement of dental implants. A literature search was made of PubMed for articles published between 2000 and 2010. Studies that reported sensory disturbances directly caused by the placement of dental implants were included.

Peri-implantitis: associated microbiota and treatment.

Introduction: Peri-implantitis is a late complication of dental implant treatment, induced by microbiological changes. Since the disorder is frequent, a review is indicated of the microorganisms that influence it and of the existing treatment options.

Objective: To conduct a literature review of the microbiota associated to peri-implantitis and the existing treatment options.

Clinico-therapeutic management of osteoradionecrosis: a literature review and update.

In the management of head and neck cancer, radiotherapy is usually a coadjuvant to surgery, or is applied on a palliative basis. The most important complication of such radiotherapy is osteoradionecrosis, which manifests as an area of exposed necrotic bone in the maxillae or mandible that fails to heal during at least three months. In most cases osteoradionecrosis gradually progresses, becoming more extensive and painful, and its late manifestations comprise infection and pathological fracture.

Full-arch fixed prosthesis supported by four implants in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), with edentulous maxillas and/or mandibles, by using fixed full-arch short-expand prostheses supported by 4 anterior implants.

Study Design: A retrospective study was carried out to study edentulous patients with RDEB rehabilitated with fixed full-arch prostheses supported by 4 anterior implants.

Results: In total, 32 anterior implants were placed and used to support 8 full-arch fixed prostheses; 20 implants were placed in the maxilla by using osteotomes and 12 in the mandible by using conventional drilling.

A randomized-controlled trial of endoscopic treatment of acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage: N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection vs. variceal ligation.

Background/aims: This prospective randomized trial compares the efficacy of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection and variceal ligation in emergency endoscopic treatment of acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension and chronic liver disease.

Methodology: Between January 2004 to December 2008 43 patients with endoscopy-proven acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: endoscopic injection with N-butyl-2-cyanacrylate (n=22) and endoscopic variceal ligation (n=21). Vital signs, the amount of blood transfusion and infection status were recorded before and after endoscopic treatment.

Radiographic findings in the maxillary sinus: comparison of panoramic radiography with computed tomography.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of radiographic signs of maxillary sinus pathology in patients undergoing dental implant treatment and to compare the efficacy of panoramic radiography, computed tomography (CT), and three-dimensional (3D) CT with Implametric software in the diagnosis of sinus pathology.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients were selected at random from those being treatment-planned to receive implant-supported restorations in the maxilla and who had a panoramic radiograph, a conventional CT scan in acetate, and a 3D CT scan in digital format. The radiographic maxillary sinus findings were categorized as: (1) no sign of pathology, (2) mucosal thickening, (3) mucous cyst, or (4) occupation of the entire sinus.

Venous thoracic outlet compression and the Paget-Schroetter syndrome: a review and recommendations for management.

Paget Schroetter syndrome, or effort thrombosis of the axillosubclavian venous system, is distinct from other forms of upper limb deep vein thrombosis. It occurs in younger patients and often is secondary to competitive sport, music, or strenuous occupation. If untreated, there is a higher incidence of disabling venous hypertension than was previously appreciated.

Rehabilitation of atrophic posterior maxilla with zygomatic implants: review.

The objective of this study was to review the published literature to evaluate treatment success with zygomatic implants in patients with atrophic posterior maxilla. Studies from 1987 to 2010 were reviewed. In each study, the following were assessed: indications for treatment, number of patients, number of implants, length and diameter of the implants, surgical technique, prosthetic rehabilitation, success rate, complications, and patient satisfaction.

Symptoms before periapical surgery related to histologic diagnosis and postoperative healing at 12 months for 178 periapical lesions.

Purpose: To compare the preoperative signs and symptoms with the histologic diagnosis and postoperative healing at 12 months for 178 periapical lesions.

Materials And Methods: A total of 152 patients who had undergone periapical surgery from 2005 to 2008 were studied. The study included patients presenting with signs and symptoms before periapical surgery with a sufficient tissue sample (periapical lesion) for histologic analysis and a minimal follow-up of 12 months.

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and evolution in 14 cases of pediatric orofacial lymphangioma.

Purpose: To present the largest series of orofacial lymphangioma in children published to date, analyzing the clinical characteristics and evolution of, and the treatment used for, these lesions.

Materials And Methods: The clinical data from patients diagnosed with orofacial lymphangioma, who were treated from 1998 to 2008 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Children's Hospital La Fe of Valencia (age 0 to 14 years), were reviewed. All patients with a clinical, radiographic, or, in surgical cases, histopathologic, diagnosis of orofacial lymphangioma were included.

Prevalence, location, and size of maxillary sinus septa: panoramic radiograph versus computed tomography scan.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence, location, and size of maxillary sinus septa, and to compare the results of panoramic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans.

Materials And Methods: This study included 30 patients, 17 women and 13 men, with a mean age of 50.9 years (range, 28-73 years), undergoing treatment planning for implant-supported restorations in the maxilla.

Bilateral vertical ridge augmentation with block grafts and guided bone regeneration in the posterior mandible: a case report.

The aim is to describe bilateral vertical ridge augmentation with intraoral block grafts and guided bone regeneration in the posterior mandible in preparation for implant placement. A 61-year-old woman, edentulous in the posterior mandible, presented for implant rehabilitation. The radiographic study showed 3 to 6 mm of bone height from the ridge to the mandibular canal.

Risk factors associated with early failure of dental implants. A literature review.

The aim of the study was to examine articles published on risk factors associated with early failure of dental implants. We conducted a search on PubMed for articles published between January 2000 and December 2009 using the keywords 'dental implants' and 'early failure'. Seven studies that specified the number of early failed implants and studied the associated risk factors were included.

Interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and periimplant disease. An update.

Introduction: A study is made of the usefulness of cytokines (such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12)) as markers of periimplant disease (mucositis and periimplantitis). An increase in the levels of these cytokines in dental implant crevicular fluid may give rise to a lack of osteointegration, bone loss or implant failure.

Objective: To review the literature relating IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 levels to dental implant surgery and periimplantitis.

Erythema multiforme: diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment in a retrospective study of 22 patients.

Background: Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute disorder of the skin and mucosal membranes manifesting in the oral cavity (60-70% of all patients) as polymorphic erosive, ampullar, and bloodstained crusts. The etiology is unclear, although an autoimmune mechanism is involved. Infections and drugs have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis.

Apical surgery of a maxillary molar creating a maxillary sinus window using ultrasonics: a clinical case.

Aim: To describe a method of carrying out apical surgery of a maxillary molar using ultrasonics to create a lateral sinus window into the maxillary sinus and an endoscope to enhance visibility during surgery.

Summary: A 37-year-old female patient presented with tenderness to percussion of the maxillary second right molar. Root canal treatment had been undertaken, and the tooth restored with a metal-ceramic crown.

Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of 28 oral haemangiomas in pediatric patients.

Objective: To present a large series of oral haemangiomas in children, analyzing the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of oral haemangiomas in 28 children.

Material And Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study, reviewing medical records with clinical diagnosis of haemangioma between 1990 and 2006 at the Children's Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Hospital Universitario la Fe, Valencia. All patients with a clinical, radiographic, pathologically confirmed diagnosis of oral haemangioma were included.

Orofacial dermoid cysts in pediatric patients: a review of 8 cases.

Objective: The aim was to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of 8 orofacial dermoid cysts (DC) in pediatric patients.

Material And Methods: A retrospective observational study was made, reviewing the medical records with clinical diagnosis of dermoid cyst between 1987 and 2006 in the Children's Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain. The following data were collected: sex, age, location, size and duration of the lesion, treatment, length of follow-up, and recurrence.

Altered passive eruption (APE): a little-known clinical situation.

Gummy smile constitutes a relatively frequent aesthetic alteration characterized by excessive exhibition of the gums during smiling movements of the upper lip. It is the result of an inadequate relation between the lower edge of the upper lip, the positioning of the anterosuperior teeth, the location of the upper jaw, and the gingival margin position with respect to the dental crown. Altered Passive Eruption (APE) is a clinical situation produced by excessive gum overlapping over the enamel limits, resulting in a short clinical crown appearance, that gives the sensation of hidden teeth.

Hemodynamic and ventilatory changes during implant surgery with intravenous conscious sedation.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the hemodynamic and ventilatory changes during implant surgery with intravenous conscious sedation, and whether preoperative anxiety, gender or age influence these parameters.

Patients And Methods: A prospective study carried out between May 2004 and February 2007, on 102 patients treated with dental implants under local anesthesia and conscious intravenous sedation. Patients completed a questionnaire prior to surgery to evaluate preoperative dental anxiety using Corah's scale.

Traumatic dental injuries among schoolchildren in Valencia, Spain.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify some factors related to the occurrence of dental trauma in mixed and permanent dentition.

Design Of The Study: Over a period of two months 1325, 6 to 18 year olds from three primary schools in Valencia were examined. Data was collected through clinical examinations and interviews and their Dental trauma was classified according to IADT's criteria.

Maximum use of the anterior maxillary buttress in severe maxillary atrophy with tilted, palatally positioned implants: a preliminary study.

Purpose: To evaluate an alternative treatment for rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla with palatal and tilted implants and to assess patient satisfaction with the results.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case study was made of completely edentulous subjects with tilted, palatally positioned implants in the anterior maxillary buttress placed and loaded between January 2005 and January 2007. Patients with severely resorbed edentulous maxillae (Class V according to Cawood and Howell) who requested overdentures and were followed for 12 months after implant loading were included.