Management of oesophageal atresia in a developing country: Is primary repair forbidden?

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of initial surgical procedures for oesophageal atresia at our institution. Primary repair of oesophageal atresia at our centre was perceived to be associated with a high mortality rate. In view of this, almost all patients seen since January 2014 were offered initial surgery for staged repair.

A Fit-Fat Index for Predicting Incident Diabetes in Apparently Healthy Men: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of combined cardiorespiratory fitness and waist-to-height ratio in the form of a fit-fat index on incident diabetes risk. Additionally, the independent predictive performance of cardiorespiratory fitness, waist-to-height ratio, and body mass index also were estimated and compared.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 10,381 men who had a normal electrocardiogram and no history of major chronic disease at baseline from 1979 to 2005.

Adverse effects of lingual and buccal orthodontic techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of adverse effects associated with lingual and buccal fixed orthodontic techniques.

Methods: Two authors searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases up to October 2014. Agreement between the authors was quantified by the Cohen kappa statistic.

A versatile snap-on, metal-to-metal connection system for direct immediate loading with screw prostheses.

This technique introduces a system of abutments with a pressure or friction fitting to retain implant-supported prostheses. The system combines the chief advantages of cement and screw-retained prostheses, which are passively fit and easily removed from the mouth, respectively. This system provides an alternative to conventional immediate loading systems, since it allows easier adjustment and modeling of the prosthesis with a snap-on connection and easier removal from the implants.

Oral manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. A cross-sectional study of 73 patients.

Objective: A study is made of the main oral manifestations of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly salivary flow, and of its possible association to periodontal disease.

Material And Methods: A prospective comparative study was made of 146 patients (73 with RA and 73 controls), recording pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding index, plaque index, and the DMFT index to assess periodontal and dental alterations. Sialometric measurements were also made to determine resting, stimulated, and parotid salivary flow.

Cytomegalovirus viral load within blood increases markedly in healthy people over the age of 70 years.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus, which maintains lifelong latency and places a significant burden on host immunity. Infection is associated with increased rates of vascular disease and overall mortality in the elderly and there is an urgent need for improved understanding of the viral-host balance during ageing. CMV is extremely difficult to detect in healthy donors, however, using droplet digital PCR of DNA from peripheral blood monocytes, we obtained an absolute quantification of viral load in 44 healthy donors across a range of ages.

The Urinary Bladder Transcriptome and Proteome Defined by Transcriptomics and Antibody-Based Profiling.

To understand functions and diseases of urinary bladder, it is important to define its molecular constituents and their roles in urinary bladder biology. Here, we performed genome-wide deep RNA sequencing analysis of human urinary bladder samples and identified genes up-regulated in the urinary bladder by comparing the transcriptome data to those of all other major human tissue types. 90 protein-coding genes were elevated in the urinary bladder, either with enhanced expression uniquely in the urinary bladder or elevated expression together with at least one other tissue (group enriched).

Maxillary Full-Arch Immediately Loaded Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis Designed and Produced by Photogrammetry and Digital Printing: A Clinical Report.

The present clinical report describes the use of a photogrammetry system (PICcamera) for obtaining impressions and designing and producing an immediately loaded CAD/CAM provisional fixed prosthesis delivered in the mouth within 24 hours after implant placement in the maxilla. The stereo camera was used to capture the implant positions, automatically taking 350 images in less than 2 minutes. This photogrammetry system takes 10 pictures per second with a margin of error of under 10 μm between two scan bodies, and identifies the spatial position of each implant without physical contact.

Increased Insulin mRNA Binding Protein-3 Expression Correlates with Vascular Enhancement of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Intravenous Contrast-CT and is Associated with Bone Metastasis.

Purpose: To: 1) assess the correlation between CT vascularity and a candidate molecular marker of RCC metastasis (insulin-like mRNA binding protein-3 (IMP3)); and 2) demonstrate the differential expression of IMP3 in high vs. low vascular tumors.

Experimental Design: Retrospectively obtained contrast CT from 72 patients with primary RCC were used to establish threshold values for Low, Intermediate and High tumor vascularity.

Differential activation of neutrophil extracellular traps by specific periodontal bacteria.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by periodontal pathogens. Neutrophils play a pivotal role within the periodontal lesion, where they have a cytotoxic arsenal at their disposal, including Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of neutrophil extracellular trap (NETs). ROS production is essential for NET release and neutrophils in periodontitis patients are hyperactive and hyper-reactive with regard to ROS release (Matthews 2007), which may lead to disease progression.

Diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan test for pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults in Ghana-findings from the DETECT HIV-TB study.

Background: Rapid diagnostic tests are urgently needed to mitigate HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) mortality. We evaluated diagnostic accuracy of the rapid urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for pulmonary TB and assessed the effect of a two-sample strategy.

Methods: HIV-infected adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy were prospectively enrolled from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana and followed for minimum 6 months.

Measurement of the percentage of root filling in oval-shaped canals obturated with Thermafil Obturators and Beefill 2in1: In vitro study.

Background: The aim of the study was to measure the percentage of root canal fillings in long oval canals obturated with thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques, Beefill 2in1® and Thermafil Obturators®.

Material And Methods: Fifty four mandibular incisors were selected after bucco-lingual and mesio-distal radiographs showed at 5 mm from apex an internal long:short diameter ≥2. Teeth were instrumented with Protaper Universal and divided in two groups of 27.

Clinical, microbiological, and immunological aspects of healthy versus peri-implantitis tissue in full arch reconstruction patients: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Due to the world-wide increase in treatments involving implant placement, the incidence of peri-implant disease is increasing. Late implant failure is the result of the inability to maintain osseointegration, whose most important cause is peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical, microbiological, and immunological aspects in the peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) of patients with healthy dental implants and patients with peri-implantitis.

Clinical evaluation of an improved cementation technique for implant-supported restorations: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cement remnants were frequently associated with peri-implantitis. Recently, a shoulderless abutment was proposed, raising some concern about cement excess removal.

Aim: To compare different cementation techniques for implant-supported restorations assessing the amount of cement remnants in the peri-implant sulcus.

Cemented and screw-retained implant-supported single-tooth restorations in the molar mandibular region: A retrospective comparison study after an observation period of 1 to 4 years.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival and compare the appearance of different mechanical and biological complications, in screw-retained and cemented-retained single-tooth implant-supported restorations localized in the molar mandibular region, over a period of 1 to 4 years.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with a total of eighty implant-supported restorations, which were placed in eighty patients for prosthetic rehabilitation of a mandibular molar. Forty patients were rehabilitated with a cemented-retained restoration and the other forty with a screw-retained restoration.

Closure of oroantral communications with Bichat´s buccal fat pad. Level of patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To report the closure of oroantral communications with the pedicled buccal fat pad in a series of patients, and to determine the level of patient satisfaction after the surgery.

Study Design: A prospective study of patients diagnosed of unilateral or bilateral oroantral communication (OAC) closed using the buccal fat pad between May 2012 and January 2013 was performed. Data analysis extended to: age, sex, and cause, location and size of oroantral communication.

The effect of orally administered probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri-containing tablets in peri-implant mucositis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: Probiotics create a biofilm and protect the oral tissues against the action of periodontal pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the oral probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis upon the peri-implant health of edentulous patients with dental implants and peri-implant mucositis, establishing comparisons vs implants without peri-implant disease.

Material And Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective cross-over study was made.

Clinical and microbiological findings in patients with peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and microbiological characters in subjects and implants affected and not affected by peri-implantitis. Additionally, same features were analyzed also intra-individually, comparing healthy and diseased implants within the same subject.

Materials And Methods: A total of 534 patients who received at least 1 implant and coming to routine check-up or spontaneous visits at the University of Valencia were recruited.

Treatment of periimplant mucositis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To determine the most effective treatment for periimplant mucositis in patients with dental implants compared with a control group.

Materials And Methods: A PubMed (MEDLINE) literature search was made of articles published up until October 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were stratified according to their level of quality using the Jadad scale and levels of evidence (University of Oxford).

Prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of supernumerary teeth.

The aim of this article was to review the literature on supernumerary teeth, analyzing their prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and possible complications. An electronic search was made in the Pubmed-Medline database up to January 2014 using the key search terms "multiple supernumerary teeth" (n=279), "prevalence supernumerary teeth" (n=361), and "supernumerary teeth" (n=2412). In addition to the articles initially identified, others were included in the review proceeding from a manual search and from any references considered of relevance.

Relationship between indication for tooth extraction and outcome of immediate implants: A retrospective study with 5 years of follow-up.

Objectives: The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate the survival rate of a series of immediate implants after 3 years of follow-up and to study the relationship between survival and indication for tooth extraction.

Study Design: A retrospective study of patients treated with immediate implants between January 2003 and December 2008 was carried out. All patients receiving at least one post-extraction implant and a minimum follow-up of 5 years were included.

A Classification Proposal for Peri-Implant Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis: A Critical Update.

Definitions of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis vary in the literature, and no clear criteria have been established for the diagnosis and treatment of such disorders. This study proposes a classification for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis based on the severity of the disease, using a combination of peri-implant clinical and radiological parameters to classify severity into several stages (Stage 0A and 0B = peri-implant mucositis, and Stage I to IV = periimplantitis). Following a review of the literature on the subject and justification of the proposed peri-implant disease classification, the latter aims to facilitate professional communication and data collection for research and community health studies.

The kidney transcriptome and proteome defined by transcriptomics and antibody-based profiling.

To understand renal functions and disease, it is important to define the molecular constituents of the various compartments of the kidney. Here, we used comparative transcriptomic analysis of all major organs and tissues in the human body, in combination with kidney tissue micro array based immunohistochemistry, to generate a comprehensive description of the kidney-specific transcriptome and proteome. A special emphasis was placed on the identification of genes and proteins that were elevated in specific kidney subcompartments.

Clarification of the circulatory patho-physiology of anaesthesia - implications for high-risk surgical patients.

The paper examines the effects of anaesthesia on circulatory physiology and their implications regarding improvement in perioperative anaesthetic management. Changes to current anaesthetic practice, recommended recently, such as the use of flow monitoring in high risk patients, are already beginning to have an impact in reducing complications but not mortality [1]. Better understanding of the patho-physiology should help improve management even further.