The Global Case-Fatality Rate of COVID-19 Has Been Declining Since May 2020.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the trend of reported case fatality rate (rCFR) of COVID-19 over time, using globally reported COVID-19 cases and mortality data. We collected daily COVID-19 diagnoses and mortality data from the WHO's daily situation reports dated January 1 to December 31, 2020. We performed three time-series models [simple exponential smoothing, auto-regressive integrated moving average, and automatic forecasting time-series (Prophet)] to identify the global trend of rCFR for COVID-19.

Protein disulphide isomerase inhibition as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy.

The protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) gene family is a large, diverse group of enzymes recognised for their roles in disulphide bond formation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PDI therefore plays an important role in ER proteostasis, however, it also shows involvement in ER stress, a characteristic recognised in multiple disease states, including cancer. While the exact mechanisms by which PDI contributes to tumorigenesis are still not fully understood, PDI exhibits clear involvement in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway.

Cowden syndrome: new clinical features in a large family; joint hyperextensibility, dental abnormalities and gingival enlargement.

A 4-year-old boy presented with his mother to genetics in the 1980s, with a family history (FH) of macrocephaly and intellectual disability (ID). He remained undiagnosed until his mother developed multiple cancers and was diagnosed with Cowden syndrome (CS) in 2017, a rare, multisystem cancer predisposition syndrome. CS was then confirmed in multiple family members.

Indications of the extraction of symptomatic impacted third molars. A systematic review.

Background: A literature review was made to determine when third molar (3M) extraction is recommended in symptomatic patients and when it is not recommended.

Material And Methods: A Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE search was made for articles related to indications for the extraction of 3Ms, published in the last 10 years and up until September 2018.

Results: The electronic search yielded 175 articles.

Co-producing a social determinants of health questionnaire for an urban population in community child health.

We used quality improvement (QI) and co-production methodologies to explore how child health professionals can be helped to open up conversations about poverty and other social issues in a London community child health clinic between July and October 2019.

Socket seal surgery techniques in the esthetic zone: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: The socket seal surgery (SSS) technique is a common alternative for the management of the post-extraction sockets that requires a primary closure of the wound to promote proper regeneration and ridge preservation.

Objective: To learn about the effect of different SSS techniques on alveolar ridge preservation MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two independent and calibrated reviewers conducted an electronic search in PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science for randomized clinical trials (RCT) published up to June 2020. The evaluation of the risk of bias in the included studies was carried out following the Cochrane manual for interventions of systematic reviews, version 5.

Influence of anxiety and anesthetic vasoconstrictors upon hemodynamic parameters during dental procedures in controlled hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients.

Background: To determine the influence of dental anxiety and the vasoconstrictor used in local anesthesia upon different hemodynamic parameters - systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SatO2) - during dental extraction and oral hygiene. The safety of local anesthesia with vasoconstrictor in patients with medically controlled hypertension was also assessed.

Material And Methods: A total of 159 patients were divided into two groups according to the dental treatment received: tooth extraction (n = 106) and oral hygiene (n = 53).

Arch expansion with the Invisalign system: Efficacy and predictability.

Background: In adult patients, treatment of skeletal crossbite requires combined treatment by fixed or removable appliances and orthognathic surgery. In cases of dentoalveolar crossbite, expansion can be achieved with fixed multibrackets and removable transparent aligners. Various researchers have already assessed the Invisalign system's predictability for arch expansion.

Does Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Improve Glycemic Control? A Comprehensive Review of Meta-Analyses.

Aim: Periodontal treatment is reported to be associated with an improved periodontal condition in diabetic patients. Therefore, a comprehensive review of meta-analyses was conducted to evaluate whether periodontal treatment can improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The search on electronic databases included PubMed-Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and LILACS databases.

Intracranial self-stimulation-reward or immobilization-aversion had different effects on neurite extension and the ERK pathway in neurotransmitter-sensitive mutant PC12 cells.

Various actions trigger pleasure (reward) or aversion (punishment) as emotional responses. Emotional factors that negatively affect brain neural control processes for long periods of time might cause various mental diseases by inducing neuronal changes. In the present study, newly developed PC12m12 cells which are　highly sensitivity to neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh), were used.

Placing Dental Implants through Impacted Teeth to Support a Fixed Partial Denture in a Geriatric Patient as an Alternative to Invasive Extraction Surgeries.

Multiple dental impactions not associated with craniofacial syndromes are a rare condition and present the dentist with a therapeutic challenge when it comes to performing surgical/restorative treatments in adult patients. This case report describes a geriatric patient with multiple impacted teeth restored by means of two different protocols. In the second quadrant, an impacted tooth was extracted followed by regeneration and placement of an implant.

Clinical outcomes of lingual fully customized vs labial straight wire systems : Assessment based on American Board of Orthodontics criteria.

Purpose: To evaluate orthodontic treatment outcome in patients treated with a lingual appliance (Incognito™ Appliance System, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) versus patients treated with a labial appliance (Victory series™, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA).

Methods: A total of 72 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The complexity of each case was evaluated using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Discrepancy Index (DI), and orthodontic clinical outcomes were evaluated using the ABO Objective Grading System (cast-radiograph evaluation: C‑R Eval).

Smile esthetic evaluation of mucogingival reconstructive surgery.

To assess the difference in smile esthetic impact of Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) with or without the adjunct of a collagen matrix (CMX) used as root coverage procedures. Subjects with esthetic demands showing multiple upper gingival recessions of at least 2 mm, without interproximal attachment loss and cervical abrasion no more than 1 mm were recruited and randomized to CAF plus CMX or CAF alone. The Smile Esthetic Index (SEI) was adopted to quantify the quality of the smile recorded at baseline and 12 months after treatment for each treatment group.

Comparison of Obturation Removal Efficiency from Straight Root Canals with ProTaper Gold or Reciproc Blue: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study.

Background: The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of ProTaper Gold (PTG) and Reciproc Blue (RB) NiTi files in obturation material removal from straight root canals assessed by micro-computed tomography.

Methods: Fifty-two anterior human teeth were shaped with a PTG rotary system until F2 (25/.08).

Regenerated Traumatic Bone Cyst With Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Mandible: A Case Report.

Introduction: Traumatic bone cyst is a pseudocyst which is characterized as an asymptomatic unilocular single lesion with an empty cavity without epithelial lining. Its etiology is still debated, it is more frequent among young people and it is often localized in the posterior mandible zone. A case report is described about diagnosis and conservative treatment of a traumatic bone cyst in anterior zone of lower mandible.

Evaluation of the maxillary midline, curve of the upper lip, smile line and tooth shape: a prospective study of 140 Caucasian patients.

Background: A number of reference patterns such as the interincisal line, curve of the upper lip, width of the smile or shape of the teeth have been studied in different populations. Determining the frequency of different smile aesthetic parameters in a European Caucasian population and exploring possible gender differences is important in order to obtain predictable treatment outcomes.

Methods: Photographs were obtained under resting and forced smiling conditions in 140 individuals (70 males and 70 females) with a mean age of 20.

Combined Near-Infrarred Light Transillumination and Direct Digital Radiography Increases Diagnostic In Approximal Caries.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical ability of Near-Infrared Light-Transillumination (NILT) for approximal dentinal caries detection and to compare with direct digital-radiography (DDR), as well as to determine whether the combination of both techniques improves the diagnostic capacity of the lesions. From 88 patients (over 18 years), 138 posterior teeth (76 molars and 62 premolars), that had approximal caries reached into dentine determined by DDR, were included. Lesion extension and DDR images were scored as follows: D0 = sound surface, D1/D2 = caries restricted to the outer/inner-half of the enamel, and D3/4 = caries restricted to the outer/inner-half of the dentin.

Metal Nanoparticles Released from Dental Implant Surfaces: Potential Contribution to Chronic Inflammation and Peri-Implant Bone Loss.

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease affecting tissues surrounding dental implants. Although it represents a common complication of dental implant treatments, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully described. The aim of this study is to identify the role of titanium nanoparticles released form the implants on the chronic inflammation and bone lysis in the surrounding tissue.

Hemostatic Agents in Endodontic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Polytetrafluoroethylene Strips as an Adjunct to Epinephrine Impregnated Gauze Versus Aluminum Chloride.

Introduction: Bleeding control is an important aspect in endodontic surgery. Two hemostatic techniques were compared with regard to their efficacy to bleeding control in endodontic surgery.

Methods: A randomized, 2-arm, parallel pilot study involving 30 patients with periradicular lesions was performed including the following hemostatic agents: polytetrafluoroethylene strips as an adjunct to epinephrine-impregnated gauze (test group, n = 15) and aluminum chloride (control, n = 15).

Effectiveness of lingual versus labial fixed appliances in adults according to the Peer Assessment Rating index.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of lingual treatment and labial fixed appliances in the treatment of adult orthodontic patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 72 patients. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was measured at the start (T0) and end (T1) of treatment.

Digital scanning for implant-supported fixed complete-arch dental prostheses for patients with epidermolysis bullosa: A case series evaluation.

Statement Of Problem: The treatment of patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa has been compromised in the past by the lack of oral therapeutic information and the use of conventional complete dentures.

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical case series study was to describe a digital rehabilitation protocol involving computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques for the treatment of patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and to follow up for 4 years the patients who underwent this treatment.

Material And Methods: A case series analyzing implant survival, peri-implant tissue health, and patient satisfaction with the treatment received was made of 4 patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

An overview of socket preservation.

Socket preservation is a surgical procedure whose aim is to limit the physiological resorption of the alveolar ridge that occurs after a dental extraction, in order to have sufficient bone to perform an implant placement. 16 articles regarding socket preservation procedures were identified through scientific archives and analysed. The biological rationale, the graft materials and the predictive factors are identified to help the clinicians in their practice.