Foot-and-mouth disease virus forms a highly stable, EDTA-resistant complex with its principal receptor, integrin alphavbeta6: implications for infectiousness.

The initial stage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is virus binding to cell surface integrins via the RGD motif in the GH loop of the VP1 capsid protein. As for all ligand/integrin interactions, the initial contact between FMDV and its integrin receptors is cation dependent and hence inhibited by EDTA. We have investigated this binding process with RGD-containing peptides derived from the VP1 capsid protein of FMDV and discovered that, upon binding, some of these peptides form highly stable, EDTA-resistant associations with integrin alphavbeta6.

Zygomatic bone graft for oral-antral communication closure and implant placement.

The roots of molar and premolar maxillary teeth are often very close to the floor of the maxillary sinus. As a result, extraction of these teeth can leave an oral-antral communication or lead to a fistula that requires treatment. A woman with an oral-antral communication secondary to extraction of a maxillary molar is presented.

Level of satisfaction in patients with maxillary full-arch fixed prostheses: zygomatic versus conventional implants.

Purpose: To evaluate the satisfaction of patients with maxillary fixed prostheses supported by conventional and/or zygomatic implants.

Materials And Methods: Patients restored with complete maxillary implant-supported fixed prostheses were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: those with at least 1 zygomatic implant (the zygomatic group) and those with no zygomatic implants (the nonzygomatic group).

Early loading of 642 Defcon implants: 1-year follow-up.

Purpose: This study estimated the 1-year survival of early-loaded Defcon treatment surface Avantblast (TSA) implants (Impladent; Sentmenat, Barcelona, Spain) and compared this success rate with those reported in the literature for conventionally loaded implants.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective case series study, the sample comprised subjects receiving 1 or more implants placed and loaded early between 2002 and 2005. The definition of implant success was based on clinical and radiologic Buser's criteria; all patients had a follow-up period of 1 year.

Restoration with implants in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and patient satisfaction with the implant-supported superstructure.

Purpose: The use of endosseous implants in the prosthetic restoration of edentulous patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) may provide improved outcomes when compared with traditional prosthetic methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of placing endosseous implants in patients with RDEB and to compare the treatment outcomes of fixed and removable implant-supported restorations in the edentulous maxilla or mandible with the main emphasis on patient response.

Materials And Methods: Six patients with RDEB were treated with implants.

Rehabilitation of severely atrophic maxillae with fixed implant-supported prostheses using zygomatic implants placed using the sinus slot technique: clinical report on a series of 21 patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the management of patients with extreme maxillary atrophy. Their treatment consisted of maxillary fixed prostheses supported by conventional implants placed in residual anatomic structures in conjunction with zygomatic implants positioned using the sinus slot technique of Stella and Warner.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who received zygomatic implants between January 2000 and January 2005.

Relationship of periapical lesion radiologic size, apical resection, and retrograde filling with the prognosis of periapical surgery.

Purpose: Periapical surgery eliminates the periradicular inflammatory tissue and seals the apical foramen. The present study relates the radiologic size of the periapical lesion, apical resection, and retrograde filling to the middle- and long-term success of periapical surgery.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective study, 235 patients and 333 teeth were subjected to ultrasound instrumentation and retrograde filling with silver amalgam.

Complete fixed prostheses over implants in patients with oral epidermolysis bullosa.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of placing fixed prostheses over endosseous implants in edentulous patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Patients And Methods: Three cases of dental implants with fixed prostheses are presented. All 3 patients had marked oral involvement, with devastating alterations in the soft and hard tissues.

Pain and swelling after periapical surgery related to oral hygiene and smoking.

Objectives: To evaluate pain and swelling during the first week after periapical surgery and its relation to patient age, gender, oral hygiene, and smoking.

Study Design: One hundred two patients (31 men and 71 women) with a mean age of 40.2 years underwent periapical surgery.

Rehabilitation of severely resorbed maxillae with zygomatic implants: an update.

Studies highlight the zygomatic bone as a suitable anatomical structure for implant placements since they cross four corticals. Zygomatic implants were described by Branemark in 1988, since then zygomatic implants are indicated in maxillae with atrophy of the posterior area. They have been used in systemic diseases associated with bone loss in this area, and in patients who have suffered radical surgery for maxillofacial tumors.

[Comparison of the visual analog scale method and 5-point evaluation in student self-assessment of comprehension and acquisition in a model core curriculum for practical training].

In examining assessment methods used for evaluating training, there have so far been no studies reporting any differences between the visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluation method, based on a rating scale, and evaluation methods based on an ordinal scale. Here we report the findings of an examination into differences and discrepancies between the results of the VAS method and a 5-point evaluation. Following the end of their training period, seven trainees carried out a self-evaluation regarding their level of understanding and performance using the 5-point evaluation and VAS methods.

Structure-function analysis of Arg-Gly-Asp helix motifs in alpha v beta 6 integrin ligands.

Data relating to the structural basis of ligand recognition by integrins are limited. Here we describe the physical requirements for high affinity binding of ligands to alpha v beta6. By combining a series of structural analyses with functional testing, we show that 20-mer peptide ligands, derived from high affinity ligands of alpha v beta6 (foot-and-mouth-disease virus, latency associated peptide), have a common structure comprising an Arg-Gly-Asp motif at the tip of a hairpin turn followed immediately by a C-terminal helix.

Failure of locoregional anesthesia in dental practice. Review of the literature.

Correct identification of the causes of dental anesthetic failure is essential in order to adopt the required measures for successful anesthesia. A review is made of the factors implicated in locoregional anesthesia failure, such as a bifid inferior alveolar nerve, retromolar foramen associated to accessory innervation, double or accessory mental foramen, the relation between the infiltration technique and bone density, accessory innervation in the case of the mylohyoid nerve and first cervical branches, cross innervation of the incisors, inactivity in the presence of tissue inflammation, inactive anesthetic solutions, an incorrect technique, and subjective perception on the part of particularly anxious patients. The therapeutic options available in the event such problems are encountered in routine clinical practice are commented.

Update in dental implant periapical surgery.

Implant periapical lesions are infectious-inflammatory alterations surrounding an implant apex, and can be caused by a number of situations--including contamination at instrumentation, overheating of bone, and the prior existence of bone pathology. The diagnosis is based on the clinical manifestations and radiological findings, where a radiotransparency can be seen at periapical level. The lesions are classified according to their evolutive stage as either acute (non-suppurated and suppurated) or chronic (or periapical abscess).

Vertical mandibular alveolar bone distraction and dental implant placement: a case report.

Extensive bone defects complicate the adequate placement of dental implants and the required angulation. In such cases, alveolar-ridge augmentation techniques such as guided bone regeneration, particulate or block grafting, and alveolar bone distraction are needed. The present study describes a case in which a large vertical bone defect in the anterior mandibular zone was corrected via vertical alveolar bone distraction.

Periodontal regeneration in clinical practice.

The regeneration or restitution of lost supporting tissue has always been considered the ideal objective of periodontal therapy. However, attempts to convert this intention into solid clinical practice can become tremendously complex, the results of which are very different from the original intention. The aim of this article is to offer an up-to-date, general perspective on periodontal regeneration, orienting the clinician within the global strategy for oral treatment.

Clinical application of a VSCs monitor for oral malodour assessment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) monitor's ability to assess oral malodour in patients with and without periodontal disease in comparison with the assessment by gas chromatography (GC) or organoleptic testing.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-nine patients' mouth air was measured by GC, a VSCs monitor (Breathtron) and organoleptic test. Patients who had a periodontal pocket depth of 4 mm and more for at least two tooth surfaces were assigned to the periodontal disease group.

Innate and adaptive mucosal immunity in protection against HIV infection.

The appalling toll on the populations of developing countries as a result of the HIV epidemic shows no signs of abatement. While costly drug therapies are effective in developed nations, the sheer scale of the epidemic elsewhere makes the need for a vaccine an ever more urgent goal. The prevalent DNA prime-viral boost strategy aims to elicit cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) against HIV, but this approach is undermined by the rapid mutation of HIV, which thereby escapes CTL control.

Choice of ceramic for use in treatments with porcelain laminate veneers.

Porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) have been used for over two decades to treat esthetic and/or functional problems, particularly in the anterior sector. A range of dental ceramic materials are presently available on the market for these treatments, though with very different characteristics in terms of the composition, optic properties and manufacturing processes involved. As a result, selection of the material best suited for the management of each individual patient may prove complicated.

Analysis of the use of expansion osteotomes for the creation of implant beds. Technical contributions and review of the literature.

Sometimes, the severe superior maxillary atrophy compromises and even impide oral implants treatment. The use of rotatory instruments (drills) produce heat and lost of bone, but the osteotomes in implantology avoid this and simplifies the surgical treatment allowing implant installation with an easier technique. We present an expansive maxillary technique review, describing the main indications, advantages and disadvantages of this surgical procedure.

Fixed ceramometallic prostheses over anterior and transzygomatic implants by using the sinus slot technique--report of a case.

Atrophy of the upper jaw poses problems for fixed rehabilitation of implants. Of the different management possibilities that have been developed, transzygomatic implant placement is a good option and affords a high success rate. These implants are positioned in zygomatic bone by using 2 possible techniques.

Periapical surgery of maxillary posterior teeth. A review of the literature.

In recent years, periapical surgery has evolved thanks to new diagnostic and technical advances. A review is made of the literature on periapical surgery of the antral teeth, based on a Medline search and on the revision of Spanish dental journals in the period between 1974 and 2003. The anatomy of the maxillary sinus is discussed, along with the diagnosis of periapical lesions and the relation of the maxillary sinus to the antral teeth.

Neoplastic trigeminal neuropathy: presentation of 7 cases.

Trigeminal neuropathy of neoplastic origin accounts for a small percentage of trigeminal neuropathies, though the prognosis may be very poor. It is important to discard neoplastic processes in patients with numbness of the trigeminal territory. We present 7 cases of trigeminal neuropathy secondary to tumors: in four cases there were antecedents of systemic neoplastic disease, while in the remaining three cases neuropathy was the first manifestation of the tumor.