Novel radiopharmaceuticals in endocrinology: a comprehensive review.

Endocrinology is the study of hormones and the endocrine glands that are responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in endocrinology. This comprehensive review explores the latest advances in novel radiopharmaceuticals with applications in the diagnosis and treatment of different endocrine disorders, including thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary disorders, as well as neuroendocrine tumours.

Diagnostics and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children - Guidelines of the Polish National Scientific Societies, 2024 Update.

The rapid progress made in recent years in thyroid cancer research has necessitated the systematic updating of current clinical recommendations. This update presents the evidence-based management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma in children, including preoperative diagnostics, surgical management, radioiodine therapy in DTC treatment with L-thyroxine, disease monitoring, treatment of advanced disease, and finally, consequences of thyroid cancer treatment. Each recommendation is evaluated regarding its strength (Strength of Recommendation; SoR) and the quality of supporting data (QoE - Quality of Evidence).

Decrease in Fracture Rate with Mandatory Bone-protecting Agents in the EORTC 1333/PEACE-3 Trial Comparing Radium-223 Combined with Enzalutamide Versus Enzalutamide Alone: A Safety Analysis.

Bone health is central to the management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). International guidelines recommend giving a bone-protecting agent (BPA) to patients with mCRPC and bone metastases. However, the data supporting these recommendations were generated before androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) were available.

Outcomes after medical treatment for primary aldosteronism: an international consensus and analysis of treatment response in an international cohort.

Background: Primary aldosteronism can be treated medically but there is no standardised method to evaluate treatment outcomes. We aimed to develop criteria for assessing the outcomes of targeted medical treatment of primary aldosteronism, analyse outcomes across an international cohort, and identify factors associated with a complete treatment response.

Methods: An international panel of 31 primary aldosteronism experts used the Delphi method to reach consensus on the definition of complete, partial, or absent biochemical and clinical outcomes of medical treatment of primary aldosteronism.

Conversion Therapy for Stage IV Gastric Cancer: Report From the Expert Consensus Meeting at KINGCA WEEK 2024.

Conversion therapy is a treatment strategy that shifts from palliative systemic therapy to curative surgical treatment for primary and/or metastatic stage IV gastric cancer (GC). To address its clinical statements, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association aims to present a consensus on conversion therapy among experts attending KINGCA WEEK 2024. The KINGCA Scientific Committee and Development Working Group for Korean Practice Guidelines prepared preformulated topics and 9 clinical statements for conversion therapy.

Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analysis of durvalumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.

Purpose: Durvalumab in combination with gemcitabine/cisplatin has shown a favorable benefit-risk profile in the TOPAZ-1 study for advanced biliary tract cancers (BTC). This analysis evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of durvalumab, and exposure-response for efficacy and safety (ERES) of TOPAZ-1.

Methods: The PopPK model for durvalumab was updated using data from 5 previously analysed studies and TOPAZ-1.

Automated proximal coronary artery calcium identification using artificial intelligence: advancing cardiovascular risk assessment.

Aims: Proximal coronary artery calcium (CAC) may improve prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) beyond the CAC score, particularly in patients with low CAC burden. We investigated whether the proximal CAC can be detected on gated cardiac computer tomography (CT) and whether it provides prognostic significance with artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods And Results: A total of 2016 asymptomatic adults with baseline CAC CT scans from a single site were followed up for MACE for 14 years.

Loss of Sirtuin 7 impairs cell motility and proliferation and enhances S-phase cell arrest after 5-fluorouracil treatment in head and neck cancer.

Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, plays a vital role in cancer, exhibiting context-dependent functions across various malignancies. Our study investigates the role of SIRT7 depletion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression. In vitro and 3D organotypic models demonstrated that SIRT7 knock-out attenuates cancer cell viability, proliferation, and motility as well as induces downregulation of migration- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression.

Hemoglobin mass is accurately predicted in endurance athletes.

Hemoglobin mass (Hb) prediction enhance the accessibility and practicality of athletes' hemoglobin status monitoring, facilitating better performance. Therefore, we aimed to create prediction equations for Hb in well-trained endurance athletes (EA), based on easily obtained measures. The population of 220 well-trained EA (40% females, maximal oxygen uptake = 63.

Psychometric properties of the Fear of Birth Scale in women in the perinatal period: A multicountry study.

Assessing Fear of Birth Scale's (FOBS) psychometric properties in the perinatal period using multicountry data is a step toward effectively screen clinically significant fear of childbirth (FOC) in maternal healthcare settings. FOBS psychometric properties were analyzed in women in the perinatal period using data from Australia, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, and Portugal. FOBS' reliability, criterion (known group and convergent), concurrent, predictive, and clinical validity were analyzed.

Development, content validation and feasibility of a decision aid tool for the treatment of women with menopausal symptoms.

Introduction: Despite research supporting menopause hormonal therapy for menopausal women, its use continues to decline in most European countries and the United States. Experts highlighted the need for global assessment tools to assist clinicians in evaluating treatment for symptomatic menopausal women, which led to the development of the Menopause Treatment Tool, with separate versions for women and healthcare professionals. Both versions of the tool focus on menopausal symptoms, risk levels and suggested actions; the women's tool is administered prior to the consultation, while the clinician tool is administered by the clinician during the clinical consultation.

AF-FLOW Global Registry Confirms Validity of Electrographic Flow Mapping as a Phenotyping Tool for Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Electrographic flow (EGF) mapping allows for the visualization of global atrial wavefront propagations. One mechanism of initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) is stimulation from EGF-identified focal sources that serve as driver sites of fibrillatory conduction. Electrographic flow consistency (EGFC) further quantifies the concordance of observed wavefront patterns, indicating that a healthier substrate shows more organized wavefront propagation and higher EGFC.

Peroneus brevis split tear - A challenging diagnosis: A pictorial review of magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging - Part 2: Imaging with magnetic resonance and ultrasound.

Peroneal tendon pathology is common among physically active individuals, with tenosynovitis, tendon subluxation, split tears and rupture. However, diagnosing these conditions, particularly peroneus brevis split tears, is clinically and radiologically challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) can sometimes miss split tears.

Multi-culture label-free quantitative cell migration sensing with single-cell precision.

A fair comparison of multiple live cell cultures requires examining them under identical environmental conditions, which can only be done accurately if all cells are prepared simultaneously and studied at the same time and place. This contribution introduces a multiplexed lensless digital holographic microscopy system (MLS), enabling synchronous, label-free, quantitative observation of multiple live cell cultures with single-cell precision. The innovation of this setup lies in its ability to robustly compare the behaviour, i.

Late-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD) that results from the dysregulation of multiple innate and adaptive immune pathways. Late-onset SLE (Lo-SLE) is the term used when the disease is first diagnosed after 50-65 years, though the standard age cut-off remains undefined. Defining "late-onset" as lupus with onset after 50 years is more biologically plausible as this roughly corresponds to the age of menopause.

Ocrelizumab dose selection for treatment of pediatric relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the OPERETTA I study.

Background: The presented study identified the appropriate ocrelizumab dosing regimen for patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS).

Methods: Patients with POMS aged 10-17 years were enrolled into cohort 1 (body weight [BW] < 40 kg, ocrelizumab 300 mg) and cohort 2 (BW ≥ 40 kg, ocrelizumab 600 mg) during a 24-week dose-exploration period (DEP), followed by an optional ocrelizumab (given every 24 weeks) extension period.

Primary Endpoints: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (CD19 B-cell count); secondary endpoint: safety; exploratory endpoints: MRI activity, protocol-defined relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score change.

Gynecological complications and treatment strategies in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

In women after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), complications associated with the original disease and therapies used both before and after transplantation often occur, which significantly affects their quality of life. The most common gynaecological complications include secondary cancers, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), infertility and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Cervical cancer is the most common secondary genital cancer in patients after HSCT.

Recommendations of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Section of Polish Neurological Society and Immuno-oncology Section of Polish Society of Oncology on oncological risk in patients with multiple sclerosis undergoing immunomodulatory therapy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is usually diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40. Changes in the immune system also observed in cancer may suggest a higher prevalence of cancer in the MS patient population. In recent years, many highly effective immunosuppressive drugs have been introduced into disease-modifying therapy (DMT) which may be associated with a higher risk of cancer development in patients with MS.

Cost-effectiveness of follow-up algorithms for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in pulmonary embolism survivors.

Introduction: Achieving an early diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in pulmonary embolism (PE) survivors results in better quality of life and survival. Importantly, dedicated follow-up strategies to achieve an earlier CTEPH diagnosis involve costs that were not explicitly incorporated in the models assessing their cost-effectiveness. We performed an economic evaluation of 11 distinct PE follow-up algorithms to determine which should be preferred.

High-resolution isotopic data link settlement complexification to infant diets within the Roman Empire.

Our study explores the potential relationship between infant feeding practices and settlement complexity in the Roman Empire through high-resolution Bayesian-modeled stable isotope measurements from incremental dentine. We compiled isotopic data from permanent first molars of individuals from various Roman sites: five from Bainesse (UK), 30 from Thessaloniki (Greece), along with new carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses from four individuals from Pompeii and six from Ostia Via del Mare (AVM). Our results reveal significant inter-site variability in breastfeeding durations, ranging from 1.