The Callender modification of the Macintosh laryngoscope blade reduces the risk of tooth-blade contact in children.

Background: Dental injury is well recognized as a potential complication of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The flange of the Macintosh blade may contact teeth during laryngoscopy causing damage. The Callander modification of the Macintosh blade (Callander blade) with a shortened heel at the proximal end has been shown to increase the blade-tooth distance and reduce contact rates in adults.

Hypertonic saline 5% vs. lactated ringer for resuscitating patients in hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Though hypertonic and isotonic crystalloids are used nowadays in resuscitating patients in hemorrhagic shock, yet there is no sufficient data in support of either. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effects of hypertonic saline 5% and lactated ringer solutions when used for the resuscitation of patients in hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: In a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, sixty adult patients in hemorrhagic shock admitted to the Emergency Department of a teaching hospital between September 2005 and September 2006, were enrolled in this study.

Computer-assisted implant surgery; a flapless surgical/immediate loaded approach with 1 year follow-up.

Background: It has been suggested that for success with immediate loaded dental implants it is necessary that, prior to their placement, bone quantity and quality as well as the biomechanical environment in which the implants are to function be evaluated. However, conventional techniques currently used for immediate implant placement lack sufficient precision and are usually accomplished by opening flap procedures. The purpose of this paper is to report the benefit of sophisticated pre-operative diagnostic implant planning and a flapless surgical approach with immediate loading.

Study of morphine-induced dependence in gonadectomized male and female mice.

In this study we evaluated the effects of sex difference and also sex hormones on the naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in both orchidectomized (ORC) male and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Morphine (50, 50 and 75 mg/kg/day for 4 days, s.c.

Hyperglycemia in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning as a potential prognostic factor.

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a solid fumigant widely used in Iran as a grain preservative. When reacted with water or acids, AIP produces phosphine gas, a mitochondrial poison that interferes with oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis. Poisoning by AIP is one of the most important causes of fatal chemical toxicity in Iran.

Effect of acute and chronic photoperiod modulation on pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizure threshold in mice.

Changes in circadian rhythms have been shown to alter seizure susceptibility and anticonvulsant properties of drugs. The present study attempts to elucidate the effect of acute and chronic light/dark (LD) cycle alterations on pentylenetetrazol-induced clonic seizure threshold (CST) in male NMRI mice. The acute effect was tested by comparing the effects of abrupt 6-h phase shifts that resulted in 6-h and 18-h photoperiods, during the 24-h period before CST determination, with the controls that were maintained on 12h/12h LD cycle.

Anabolic-androgenic steroid effects on early morbid symptoms after open prostatectomy: a pilot study.

Objectives: Anabolic-androgenic steroids such as Nandrolone phenpropionate (NP) dramatically improve the tolerance to acute stress conditions, strength, and subsequently the quality of life in elderly men. We hypothesize that preoperative pulse-dose supraphysiological NP administration might improve the early morbid symptoms in older patients undergoing open prostatectomy.

Methods: From 2005 to 2006, 54 patients with a mean age of 70 years, diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia and hospitalized for open prostatectomy were enrolled in the study.

Prevalence of mental disorders among shift work hospital nurses in Shiraz, Iran.

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among shift work hospital nurses in Shiraz. One thousand one hundred and ninety five nurses from 12 general hospitals were investigated by Persian version of General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) as screen tool. Using a checklist, structured observations were made to assess working environment.

Antioxidant properties of peel and pulp hydro extract in ten Persian pomegranate cultivars.

This study compares the antioxidant activity of ten different pomegranate cultivars grown in Iran using the ferric reducing power assay (FRAP assay), which is based on the reduction of a ferric-tripyridyl triazine complex to its ferrous, colored form in the presence of antioxidants. Aqueous solutions of known Fe(+2) concentration, in the range of 100-1000 micromol L(-1) were used for calibration. The results showed that among pulp and peel fractions the sour alac and sweet white peel cultivars had more FRAP value respectively.

Inhibition by lithium of the nitrergic relaxation of rat anococcygeus muscle.

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of lithium on the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation of rat anococcygeus muscle. The isolated precontracted (phenylephrine, 7.5 microM) rat anococcygeus muscle were relaxed via electrical field stimulation (5 Hz) in the absence or presence of lithium (0.

Mature cardiac myocyte hamartoma in the right atrium.

During coronary artery bypass grafting in a 58-year-old man, a mass was discovered incidentally in the right atrium, measuring 1.5 x 1 x 0.5 cm.

Serum selenium concentration in healthy children living in Tehran.

Introduction: Selenium is one of the essential trace elements which is more notified in children in recent years. Reliable age-specific reference values for selenium in children in Iran are not clear and are important for the identification of selenium deficiency and some other researches that is the aim of this study.

Methods: Serum samples of 216 healthy children were analyzed by using hydride generation and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy to measured selenium level.

Clinical characteristics of Buerger's disease in Iran.

Objective: To determine the clinical course of Buerger's disease as observed in two vascular surgery centers located in the capital of Iran.

Study Design: Case series.

Place And Duration Of Study: Sina and Imam Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, during the years 1997 to 2002.

Floating thrombus in the aortic arch as an origin of simultaneous peripheral emboli.

Few cases of a floating thrombus in a normal aorta have been reported without other underlying reasons for the thrombus formation and its systemic embolic complications. We report a case in which a floating thrombus in the proximal aortic arch was detected after echocardiography and computed tomography angiography as an origin of upper extremities and ophthalmic embolism.

Comparison of the adjuvanticity of aluminum salts and their combination in hepatitis B recombinant protein vaccine in assessed mice.

Background: Several adjuvants have been evaluated for vaccine formulations but aluminum salts will continue to be used for many years due to their safety, low cost and adjuvanticity with different antigens. Two commonly used aluminum adjuvants, aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate have different adjuvanticity properties. Commercial recombinant protein hepatitis B vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide is facing low induction of immunity in some sections of the vaccinated population.

Preconditioning with acute and chronic lithium administration reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury mediated by cyclooxygenase not nitric oxide synthase pathway in isolated rat heart.

Lithium is widely used for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in bipolar disorders. A variety of hypotheses have been invoked to explain the mechanism of action of lithium. To determine if lithium exerts direct cardiac protection, in the present study perfused rat heart model was used.

Halothane hepatitis in Iran: a review of 59 cases.

Aim: To study halothane hepatitis (HH) in Iran and its associated risk factors.

Methods: We retrospectively studied files of all cases diagnosed with HH referred to three referral hospitals and four private centers in Iran from April 1994 to September 2006. Information on age at surgery, gender, medications history, obesity, history of previous exposure, previous reaction to halothane, familial history, type of surgery, perioperative hypoxia or sepsis, morbidity and mortality were recorded and analyzed.

Scanning electron microscope evaluation of vertical and horizontal discrepancy in cast copings for single-tooth implant-supported prostheses.

Statement Of Problem: Despite careful attention to waxing, investing, and casting, marginal discrepancies are inevitable. Vertical and horizontal discrepancies can result in crestal bone resorption, peri-implantitis, and loss of osseointegration.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate marginal gap and overhang in 3 casting techniques for implant framework fabrication.

Transient bilateral cortical visual loss after coronary artery bypass grafting in a normotensive risk-free patient.

Background: Postoperative blindness has been mentioned as a rare complication of heart surgery. The majority of reported cases are caused by retinal artery occlusion or ischemic optic neuropathy. We report a case of transient visual loss due to cortical ischemia after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in comparison with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: melatonin as a differentiation factor.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) could be an appealing alternative to bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) for engineering cell-based osteoinductive grafts. Meanwhile, prior studies have demonstrated that melatonin can stimulate osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, we assayed and compared the melatonin effect on osteogenic differentiation of BMSC with that of ADSC.

Hydatid cyst of the right ventricle in early pregnancy.

Although hydatic cyst disease rarely involves myocardium and endocardium, cardiac echinococcosis, a potentially life-threatening condition, should be managed promptly. We report a case of right ventricle hydatid cyst detected after syncopal attack in a pregnant woman by using echocardiography.

Family history of cardiovascular disease as a risk factor for coronary artery disease in adult offspring.

Background And Aims: There is controversy about the role of positive family history as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of family history on presentation of coronary artery disease in adult offspring, and on its severity.

Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study at Tehran Heart Center (University of Tehran Medical Sciences), 6399 patients with established coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angiography for standard indications were assessed.

Complex carotid stenting using a coronary technique.

Purpose: To report the utility of a coronary technique to facilitate carotid stenting in patients with difficult arch anatomies.

Technique: When confronted with challenging arch anatomy that prevents engaging the common carotid artery (CCA) with the guiding sheath using standard techniques, an 8-F left Amplatz guiding catheter (AL1) is placed at the origin of the innominate artery. A 0.

Double dermal sinuses: a case study.

Introduction: Dermal sinus tracts are rare congenital lesions located in the midline characterized by a cutaneous pit or dimple. They occur all along the midline neuroaxis, from the nasion and occipital area down to the lumbar and sacral regions, most frequently in the lumbar and lumbosacral region.

Case Presentation: Here we report a 5-year-old girl who presented with occasional headache.