Patient-Specific Network Connectivity Combined With a Next Generation Neural Mass Model to Test Clinical Hypothesis of Seizure Propagation.

Dynamics underlying epileptic seizures span multiple scales in space and time, therefore, understanding seizure mechanisms requires identifying the relations between seizure components within and across these scales, together with the analysis of their dynamical repertoire. In this view, mathematical models have been developed, ranging from single neuron to neural population. In this study, we consider a neural mass model able to exactly reproduce the dynamics of heterogeneous spiking neural networks.

Pacemaker complications and costs: a nationwide economic study.

Novel leadless pacemakers (LPMs) may reduce complications and associated costs related to conventional pacemaker systems. This study sought to estimate the incidence and associated costs of traditional pacemaker complications, in those patients who were eligible for LPM implantation. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the French National Hospital Database (PMSI), including all patients implanted with a pacemaker in France in 2012, who could have alternatively received an LPM.

Controlling seizure propagation in large-scale brain networks.

Information transmission in the human brain is a fundamentally dynamic network process. In partial epilepsy, this process is perturbed and highly synchronous seizures originate in a local network, the so-called epileptogenic zone (EZ), before recruiting other close or distant brain regions. We studied patient-specific brain network models of 15 drug-resistant epilepsy patients with implanted stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes.

Infections and associated costs following cardiovascular implantable electronic device implantations: a nationwide cohort study.

Aims: This study assessed the contemporary occurrence of cardiac device infections (CDIs) following implantation in French hospitals and estimated associated costs.

Methods And Results: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the French National Hospital Database (PMSI). Patients with a record of de novo cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation or replacement interventions in France in 2012 were identified and followed until the end of 2015.

Metabolic counterparts of sodium accumulation in multiple sclerosis: A whole brain Na-MRI and fast H-MRSI study.

Background: Increase of brain total sodium concentrations (TSC) is present in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its pathological involvement has not been assessed yet.

Objective: To determine in vivo the metabolic counterpart of brain sodium accumulation.

Materials/methods: Whole brain Na-MR imaging and 3D-H-EPSI data were collected in 21 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and 20 volunteers.

Individual brain structure and modelling predict seizure propagation.

See Lytton (doi:10.1093/awx018) for a scientific commentary on this article.Neural network oscillations are a fundamental mechanism for cognition, perception and consciousness.

Evidencing different neurochemical profiles between thalamic nuclei using high resolution 2D-PRESS semi-LASER (1)H-MRSI at 7 T.

Objective: To demonstrate that high resolution (1)H semi-LASER MRSI acquired at 7 T permits discrimination of metabolic patterns of different thalamic nuclei.

Materials And Methods: Thirteen right-handed healthy volunteers were explored at 7 T using a high-resolution 2D-semi-LASER (1)H-MRSI sequence to determine the relative levels of N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and creatine-phosphocreatine (Cr) in eight VOIs (volume <0.3 ml) centered on four different thalamic nuclei located on the Oxford thalamic connectivity atlas.

Metabolic voxel-based analysis of the complete human brain using fast 3D-MRSI: Proof of concept in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To detect local metabolic abnormalities over the complete human brain in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, we used optimized fast volumic echo planar spectroscopic imaging (3D-EPSI).

Materials And Methods: Weighted mean combination of two 3D-EPSI covering the whole brain acquired at 3T in AC-PC and AC-PC+15° axial planes was performed to obtain high-quality metabolite maps for five metabolites: N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), glutamate+glutamine (Glx), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (m-Ins), and creatine+phosphocreatine (tCr). After spatial normalization, maps from 19 patients suffering from relapsing-remitting MS were compared to 19 matched controls using statistical mapping analyses to determine the topography of metabolic abnormalities.

Structural and functional reorganization of working memory system during the first decade in schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Progressive atrophy occurs in brain regions involved in the working memory network along the schizophrenia's course, but without parallel evolution of working memory impairment. We investigated the functional organization inside this network at different stages of the disease.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with schizophrenia (16 with long disease duration (>60 months) and 12 with short disease duration (<60 months)) and eleven healthy controls underwent structural and functional MRI during an n-back task to determine atrophy and activation patterns.

Unfolding the long-term pathophysiological processes following an acute inflammatory demyelinating lesion of multiple sclerosis.

Background: Acute symptomatic inflammation is a main feature of multiple sclerosis but pathophysiological processes underlying total or partial recovery are poorly understood.

Objective: To characterize in vivo these processes at molecular, structural and functional levels using multimodal MR methods.

Methods: A neuroimaging 3-year follow-up (Weeks 0, 3, 11, 29, 59 and 169) was conducted on a 41-year-old woman presenting at baseline with a large acute demyelinating lesion of multiple sclerosis.

Effect of maturation on the relationship between muscle size and force production.

Purpose: Although it is well accepted that an increase in muscle size is linked to an increase in muscle force, the relationship between muscle size and maximal strength during maturation is still discussed. In the present study we aimed at determining whether maturation affects the relationship between muscle size and maximal strength, and we investigated the reasons accounting for the discrepancies among previous studies.

Methods: Maximal isometric handgrip force (Fmax) and forearm muscle size were measured in 14 prepubertal boys (11.

MRI/MRS of corpus callosum in patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis.

Atrophy of corpus callosum (CC) related to axonal loss has previously been observed in patients at the early stage of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). Atrophy increases with the progression of the disease. Nevertheless, no data concerning the onset of atrophy of CC are currently available.

Circadian rhythms of oxidative phosphorylation: effects of rotenone and melatonin on isolated rat brain mitochondria.

Mitochondrial experiments are of increasing interest in different fields of research. Inhibition of mitochondrian activities seems to play a role in Parkinson's disease and in this regard several animal models have used inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration such as rotenone or MPTP. Most of these experiments were done during the daytime.