Association of HTLV1 infection and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Both esophageal carcinoma and HTLV-1 (Human T cell lymphotropic virus 1) have high prevalence in northeastern of Iran.

Objective: To assess the presence of HTLV-1 genome in esophageal cancerous tissue and in tissues from non cancerous individuals.

Methods: Eighty five patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 48 non-cancerous control patients that underwent esophagogasteroscopy for other reasons were included in this study.

Typhoid myopathy or typhoid hepatitis: a matter of debate.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the major source of increased serum enzyme level in typhoid fever and to determine the most relevant clinical entity, hepatitis or myopathy, during typhoid fever.

Methods: A total of 118 subjects proved to have typhoid fever were evaluated for serum enzymes such as transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK); and their relation with each other, clinical symptoms and serum bilirubin were evaluated by regression methods.

Results: Hepatomegaly was revealed in 14% of the cases and was correlated with elevated serum biliribin (5.