Modified cadaver technique to simulate contaminated airway scenarios to train medical providers in suction-assisted laryngoscopy and airway decontamination.

Simulation training plays a vital role in modern medical education, fostering safe skill development. Task-trainer manikin and cadaveric airway management training (CAMT) offer realistic airway management practice. Simulation allows learners the opportunity to manage high-risk, low-frequency scenarios, including difficult airways and massive airway contamination, common in emergent airway management.

Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia with and without prenatal alcohol exposure.

Background/aims: Youth with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are under-recognised in the justice system, warranting improved identification. This study aimed to compare neuropsychological profiles of adolescents, with and without PAE and identify neuropsychological tasks predictive of PAE-group membership. It was hypothesised that participants with PAE would score significantly lower on neuropsychological tests.

Androgenicity in Young Women and Development of Metabolic Syndrome Before Menopause: The CARDIA and CARDIA Women's Studies.

Context: There are no reported data from prospective long-term studies on the relation of androgen levels in young women with development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) before menopause.

Objective: We investigated associations of androgens and SHBG with incident MetS during 23 years of follow-up.

Methods: We included 366 White and 375 Black women ages 20 to 32 years participating in the CARDIA study and CARDIA Women's study, free of MetS at baseline examination (1987-1988), and premenopausal 23 years later.

Comparative Effectiveness of Bivalent (Original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults.

The emergence of Omicron variants coincided with declining vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2. Two bivalent mRNA vaccines, mRNA-1273.222 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 Bivalent (Pfizer-BioNTech), were developed to provide greater protection against the predominate circulating variants by including mRNA that encodes both the ancestral (original) strain and BA.

Stratification of risk for emergent intracranial abnormalities in children with headaches: a Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) study protocol.

Introduction: Headache is a common chief complaint of children presenting to emergency departments (EDs). Approximately 0.5%-1% will have emergent intracranial abnormalities (EIAs) such as brain tumours or strokes.

Strength Training Is Associated With Less Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship of a history of strength training with symptomatic and structural outcomes of knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional study within the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a multicenter prospective longitudinal observational study. Data were collected at four OAI clinical sites: Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, the Ohio State University, the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Maryland/Johns Hopkins.

Development and implementation of an interoperability tool across state public health agency's disease surveillance and immunization information systems.

Public health information systems have historically been siloed with limited interoperability. The State of Minnesota's disease surveillance system (Minnesota Electronic Disease Surveillance System: MEDSS, ∼12 million total reportable events) and immunization information system (Minnesota Immunization Information Connection: MIIC, ∼130 million total immunizations) lacked interoperability between them and data exchange was fully manual. An interoperability tool based on national standards (HL7 and SOAP/web services) for query and response was developed for electronic vaccination data exchange from MIIC into MEDSS by soliciting stakeholder requirements ( = 39) and mapping MIIC vaccine codes ( = 294) to corresponding MEDSS product codes ( = 48).

Geographic and Temporal Trends in COVID-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

Background: AKI is associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, its incidence, geographic distribution, and temporal trends since the start of the pandemic are understudied.

Methods: Electronic health record data were obtained from 53 health systems in the United States in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative. We selected hospitalized adults diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 6, 2020, and January 6, 2022.

COVID-19-associated AKI in hospitalized US patients: incidence, temporal trends, geographical distribution, risk factors and mortality.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, however, its incidence, geographic distribution, and temporal trends since the start of the pandemic are understudied.

Methods: Electronic health record data were obtained from 53 health systems in the United States (US) in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). We selected hospitalized adults diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 6th, 2020, and January 6th, 2022.

Race, Zoonoses and Animal Assisted Interventions in Pediatric Cancer.

Emerging evidence accumulates regarding the benefits of animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) in facilitating pediatric cancer treatment and alleviating symptomatology through positive changes in the patients' emotional, mental, and even physical status. A major concern expressed by healthcare providers and parents in implementing AAIs in hospital settings is the transmission of disease from animals to patients. Immunocompromised children, such as pediatric cancer patients are at increased risk for pet-associated diseases.

Delivering Personalized Recommendations to Support Caregivers of People Living With Dementia: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Estimates suggest that 6.2 million Americans aged ≥65 years are living with Alzheimer dementia in 2021, and by 2060, this number could more than double to 13.8 million.

Genetic Risk Factors for CVD in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study.

Objective: The role of genetic factors in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown. We therefore examined whether previously identified genetic factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with the risk of CVD above and beyond established demographic and clinical factors in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.

Research Design And Methods: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) and individual genetic variants identified in previous studies were obtained from genome-wide genotyping performed in 1,371 DCCT/EDIC participants.

Metabolically Healthy/Unhealthy Overweight/Obesity Associations With Incident Heart Failure in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF); however, how metabolic weight groups relate to HF risk, especially in postmenopausal women, has not been demonstrated.

Methods: We included 19 412 postmenopausal women ages 50 to 79 without cardiovascular disease from the Women's Health Initiative. Normal weight was defined as a body mass index ≥18.

Factors Associated With Job Satisfaction in Medical Oncology Practices: Results From a Multisite Survey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the factors influencing job satisfaction of nurses, physicians, and advanced practice providers in ambulatory oncology settings.

Background: Job satisfaction is essential to clinician well-being and quality of care.

Methods: In 2017, clinicians from 29 ambulatory medical oncology practices completed anonymous paper questionnaires that examined job satisfaction, clinician-to-clinician communication, and perceptions of patient safety.

Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: EXPERIENCE FROM THE VETERANS AFFAIRS.

Purpose: The conceptual utility of home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) is widely acknowledged. However, data substantiating its effectiveness and safety are limited. This study evaluated effectiveness and safety of the Veterans Affairs (VA) national HBCR program.

On Setting Expectations for a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.

The global coronavirus pandemic is unlike any other since 1918. A century of dramatic medical advances has produced a public expectation that the medical field will rapidly provide solutions to restore normalcy. In less than 6 months, since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified, the massive international effort to develop a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has generated more than 140 vaccines in different stages of development, with 9 already recruiting into clinical trials posted on ClinicalTrials.

The Association of a Frailty Index and Incident Delirium in Older Hospitalized Patients: An Observational Cohort Study.

Introduction/background: Frailty identifies patients that have vulnerability to stress. Acute illness and hospitalization are stressors that may result in delirium and further accelerate the negative consequences of frailty.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether frailty, identified at hospital admission and as measured by a frailty index, is associated with incident delirium.

Antibiotic Use Among Residents Receiving Skilled Nursing Care in 29 U.S. Nursing Homes.

Background: Data describing antibiotic use in U.S. nursing homes remain limited.

Gradual decline in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in paediatrics: A data warehouse-based 11-year cohort study.

Aim: To describe trends in antibiotic (AB) prescriptions in children in primary care over 11 years, using a large data warehouse.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study assessed outpatient AB prescriptions 2007-2017, using the Massachusetts Health Disparities Repository. The evolution of paediatric outpatient AB prescriptions was assessed using time-series analyses through annual per cent change (APC) for the population and for children with or without comorbid condition.

Application of Healthcare 'Big Data' in CNS Drug Research: The Example of the Neurological and mental health Global Epidemiology Network (NeuroGEN).

Neurological and psychiatric (mental health) disorders have a large impact on health burden globally. Cognitive disorders (including dementia) and stroke are leading causes of disability. Mental health disorders, including depression, contribute up to one-third of total years lived with disability.

Food Insecurity Among Veterans: Resources to Screen and Intervene.

A screener was created in the VA electronic health record clinical reminder system to facilitate an interdisciplinary approach to identifying and addressing food insecurity.

Out-Of-Network Primary Care Is Associated With Higher Per Beneficiary Spending In Medicare ACOs.

Despite expectations that Medicare accountable care organizations (ACOs) would curb health care spending, their effect has been modest. One possible explanation is that ACOs' inability to prohibit out-of-network care limits their control over spending. To examine this possibility, we examined the association between out-of-network care and per beneficiary spending using national Medicare data for 2012-15.