[Endolaryngeal resection of the larynx for adenocystic cancer].

Adenocystic carcinoma accounts for 3-5% of all malignant neoplasms of the head and neck organs. Due to the rarity of detecting this cancer in the larynx, treatment options are still controversial: surgery with postoperative radiation therapy or surgery alone. Patient , 64 years old, turned to the City Clinical Oncological Hospital No.

Proton re-irradiation of unresectable recurrent head and neck cancers.

Background: This study presents a retrospective analysis (efficacy and toxicity) of outcomes in patients with unresectable recurrence of previously irradiated head and neck (H&N) cancers treated with proton therapy. Locoregional recurrence is the main pattern of failure in the treatment of H&N cancers. Proton re-irradiation in patients with relapse after prior radiotherapy might be valid as promising as a challenging treatment option.

Features of differential cytological diagnosis of primary and metastatic liver carcinoma.

The aim of the work was to assess the possibility of the cytological method in the diagnosis of epithelial liver tumors and to determine the cytomorphological criteria in the differential diagnosis of liver carcinomas. The authors analyzed the data of 106 fine-needle aspiration biopsies and 167 smears-prints during cor-biopsy of masses of the liver in patients who were examined at the polyclinic of the oncological dispensary in Nizhny Novgorod in 2016. - 2017 As a result, full-fledged material for cytological examination in the form of smears-prints from cor-biopsy and fine-needle aspiration biopsies was obtained in 75.

Biological impacts on the lungs in rats internally exposed to radioactive MnO particle.

To understand the radiation effects of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki among the survivors, radiation from neutron-induced radioisotopes in soil should be considered in addition to the initial radiation directly received from the bombs. Mn, which emits both β particles and γ-rays, is one of the dominant radioisotopes created in soil by neutrons from the bomb. Thus we investigated the biological effects of internal exposure to MnO particle in the lung of male Wistar rats comparing to the effects of external Co-γ irradiation.

Cellular composition research of serous pleural effusion fluids. Conceptual issues of preanalytics.

The purpose of this work was to show the effectiveness of the cytological method on a small number of observations, excluding all possible errors of the preanalytical stage. The paper presents several simple and easily reproducible algorithms for the cytological study of serous pleural effusions with small cellular content. On the example of 20 observations of the study of the cellular composition of serous exudates, a direct dependence of the research results on the preanalytical stage is shown.

[The normative legal regulation of expertise of medical care quality in the Russian Federation].

In modern conditions, the support of quality of medical care is one of key issues in health care management. Therefore, quality control issues are most important ones. The effective tool for monitoring quality of medical care is the medical care quality expertise.

Comparative analysis of the levels of soluble forms of receptor and ligand of the immunity control point PD-1/PD-L1 in the blood serum of patients with typical bone osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma.

Results of ELISA investigation of the pretreatment sPD-1 and sPD-L1 content in blood serum of 133 bone neoplasms patients aged 6-70 years and 57 practically healthy control persons aged 12-70 years are described. In 14 patients the neoplasms were of a benign character, in 16 - borderline giant-cell bone tumor was diagnosed, and in 103 - malignant bone lesions including 39 osteosarcomas and 42 chondrosarcomas were revealed. The sPD-1 receptor concentrations in blood serum did not differ between control healthy persons and primary bone tumor patients, while serum sPD-L1 level in bone tumor patients was statistically significantly increased (p<0.

Evaluation of the Association of rs4680 COMT Polymorphism and Clinical Parameters of the Tumor in Colorectal Cancer (a Pilot Study).

We analyzed association of rs4680 polymorphism of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene with clinical parameters of the tumor in patients with colorectal cancer (n=100). Based on the classification of the tumor according to the TNM system, groups were formed taking into account the size and spreading of the primary tumor (T1+T2 vs Т3+Т4) and the presence of regional (N0 vs N1) and distant metastases (M0 vs M1). An association of the AA genotype with an almost 7-fold increased capacity for invasive tumor growth was found (p<0.

Key Immune Checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling Pathway Components in the Blood Serum from Patients with Bone Tumors.

The levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were analyzed in blood serum of 132 patients (age 14-70 years) with primary bone tumors: osteosarcoma (N=39), chondrosarcoma (N=42), Ewing sarcoma (N=9), chordoma (N=12), giant-cell bone tumor (GCBT) (N=16), benign neoplasms (N=14) and in and practically healthy subjects (age 19-58 years; N=27). sPD-L1 levels in all studied bone neoplasms were significantly higher than in the control. Serum sPD-1 level in GCBT patients was significantly higher than in the control, benign neoplasms, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma patients, but did not differ from osteosarcoma group.

[Euthanasia as a worldwide dilemma of modern times].

Nowadays, the most important place in medicine is occupied by ethical and legal aspects of organization of medical care and the provision of qualitative medical services to citizens. The main mechanism of functioning of the patient-centric health care system is implementation of the rights of patients as described in our country within the framework of international legal acts, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Civil, the Civil Procedure and Criminal Codes of the Russian Federation, as well as the Legislation on the protection of health of citizen. Since the mid of twentieth century, in many countries was widely discussed possibility of ensuring one of the most controversial and non-obvious rights of patient - the right to death.

Preclinical Study of Pharmacological Properties of Doxorubicin-NPh.

Preclinical study of therapeutic properties of an innovative drug Doxorubicin-NPh (doxorubicin in the form of ultrafine suspension of phospholipid liposomes) in comparison with free doxorubicin (Doxorubicin-Teva) and protected doxorubicin (Caelyx) was performed on transplanted murine tumor models. All these drugs were efficient in Ca755 breast carcinoma model (tumor growth inhibition ≈100%, increase in lifespan 90.6-114.

[Radiosurgical hypophysectomy in cancer pain treatment. Literature review and clinical case].

Cancer pain is one of the main problem in modern medicine. According European Society for Medical Oncology data, cancer pain prevalence is 64% among patient with terminal stage of disease and in 46% standard pain therapy was ineffective. Radiosurgical hypophysectomy is one of the important and perspective method in cancer pain treatment.

Stimulation of Structural and Functional Recovery of the Kidney in Rats with Postischemic Acute Renal Failure of Different Severity by Embryonic Protein-Peptide Complex Therapy.

In male rats, acute renal failure was simulated by clamping the vascular pedicle of the left kidney for 60 or 90 min and right-sided nephrectomy. In the control series, no therapy was performed. In the experimental series, the animals were daily injected subcutaneously with Cellex, a protein-peptide complex (PPC) chromatographically isolated from the brain tissue of pig embryos with a molecular weight of its components from 10 to 250 kDa.

Internal doses in experimental mice and rats following exposure to neutron-activated MnO powder: results of an international, multicenter study.

The experiment was performed in support of a Japanese initiative to investigate the biological effects of irradiation from residual neutron-activated radioactivity that resulted from the A-bombing. Radionuclide Mn (T = 2.58 h) is one of the main neutron-activated emitters during the first hours after neutron activation of soil dust particles.

A Comparative Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Bis- and Pentaphosphonic Acids Labeled with Gallium-68 in Rats with Experimental Model of Bone Callus.

We analyzed biodistribution of Ga-labeled hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (Ga-HEDP) and diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (Ga-DTPMP) in Wistar rats with experimental model of bone callus. It was shown that the content of Ga-DTPMP and Ga-HEDP in bone callus was ~1.5-fold higher than in intact femur.

Primary 3D Culture of Human Thyroid Follicle-Like Structures in Platelet Lysate-Based Gel.

The results of 3D culturing of human thyroid follicle-like structures in a gel based on platelet lysate at the gel-air interface are presented. During culturing up to 4 months, no new follicle-like structures were formed and none were destroyed. During the first 2 months, most follicle-like structures increased in size; then, their grown decelerated, but they retained viability.

Low-Dose Radiation Exposure with MnO Powder Changes Gene Expressions in the Testes and the Prostate in Rats.

To investigate the biological effects of internal exposure of radioactive MnO powder, the major radioisotope dust in the soil after atomic bomb explosions, on male reproductive function, the gene expression of the testes and the prostate was examined. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to three doses of radioactive MnO powder (41-100 mGy in whole body doses), stable MnO powder, or external Co γ-rays (2 Gy). Animals were necropsied on Days 3 and 61 postexposure.

Effect of Rat Exposure to Moderate Pressure Oxygen Atmosphere on Resistance of Erythrocytes against Hemolysis.

Exposure of male Wistar rats to oxygen atmosphere at moderate pressure (1.10-1.15 atm) for 4 h resulted in significant, transient, and reversible decrease in hemolytic resistance of peripheral blood erythrocytes.

Impact of Local High Doses of Radiation by Neutron Activated Mn Dioxide Powder in Rat Lungs: Protracted Pathologic Damage Initiated by Internal Exposure.

Internal radiation exposure from neutron-induced radioisotopes environmentally activated following atomic bombing or nuclear accidents should be considered for a complete picture of pathologic effects on survivors. Inhaled hot particles expose neighboring tissues to locally ultra-high doses of β-rays and can cause pathologic damage. MnO powder was activated by a nuclear reactor to make MnO which emits β-rays.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer: disease that requires special approach.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer [EBV-associated GC, EBV( +) GC] is a distinct molecular subtype of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. It accounts for up to 10% of all molecular subtypes of gastric cancer (GC). It has unique genetic and epigenetic features, which determine its definitive phenotype with male and younger age predominance, proximal stomach localization, and diffuse adenocarcinoma histology.

[Clinical significance of methylation of a group of miRNA genes in patients with ovarian cancer.].

It was found that the proportion of microRNA genes inactivated by methylation of regulatory CpG islands is several times higher than the genes encoding proteins, which increases their attractiveness as promising markers of cancer. The aim of this work is to evaluate the clinical significance of methylation of 13 tumor-associated microRNA genes (MIR-124a-2, MIR-124a-3, MIR-125-B1, MIR-127, MIR-129-2, MIR-132, MIR-137, MIR-203a, MIR-34b/c, MIR-375, MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-339) in 26 patients with ovarian cancer. Methylation level was evaluated by the method of methylation-specific PCR in real time.

Effects of Internal Exposure to MnO Powder on Blood Parameters in Rats.

Objective: The pathological effects of internal exposure to manganese dioxide-56 (MnO) radioisotope particles have been previously examined in rats. Here we further examine the effects of MnO, focusing on changes in blood parameters.

Materials And Methods: Ten-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to 3 doses of neutron-activated MnO powder, nonradioactive MnO powder, or external 60Co γ-rays (1 Gy, whole body).

Case of Hereditary Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Type I in a Patient With a Germline Mutation in Russia.

Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma (HPRC) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of multiple papillary type I renal cell carcinomas. This hereditary kidney cancer form is caused by activating mutations in . Descriptions of patients with HPRC are scarce in the world literature, and no cases have been described in open sources in Russia.

Comparison of Antitumor Effects of Combined and Separate Treatment with NO Synthase Inhibitor T1023 and PDK1 Inhibitor Dichloroacetate.

Combined chronic treatment of Ehrlich solid carcinoma (EC) with an NOS inhibitor 1-isobutanoyl-2-isopropylisothiourea hydrobromide (T1023) and a PDK1 inhibitor dichloroacetate was accompanied by statistically significant synergetic antitumor effects manifested in a significant and stable suppression of neoplasm growth (by 55-65%). Separate treatment with T1023 and dichloroacetate induced moderate short-term inhibition of tumor growth (by 30-35%) followed by weakening of tumor sensitivity to these substances. These results attest to synergetic antitumor effects NOS inhibitor T1023 and PDK1 inhibitor dichloroacetate producing antiangiogenic and hypoxia-targeted cytotoxic effects, during their combined administration, which allows overcoming the adaptive potential of the tumors.