Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Avelumab Plus Axitinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the Ambispective RAVE-Renal Study.

Background: The RAVE-Renal study was conducted to evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of avelumab plus axitinib as a first-line therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods: RAVE-Renal was a multicenter, noninterventional, ambispective study with both retrospective and prospective components. The study included adult patients with histologically confirmed mRCC, measurable disease per RECIST version 1.

[Indocyanine green is an integral part of breast reconstructive surgery using perforator flaps].

Introduction: The use of allotransplants for breast reconstruction in surgical stage of the the breast cancer treatment requires tissue perfusion control. The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of using indocyanine green as a drug for determining the perfusion of perforant flaps in breast reconstructive surgery.

Material And Methods: A retrospective series of observations of 27 breast reconstructions using autologous transplants is presented: 19 reconstructions with DIEP-flap, 2 with SIEA-flap, 5 with TD-flap; 1 with thoracoepigastric flap.

[Laryngeal carcinosarcoma].

A clinical case of a rare malignant tumor of the larynx, carcinosarcoma, is described. The features of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods: instrumental and morphological are presented.

Modulators of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Enhance the Cytotoxic Effect of Standard Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Organoids of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

The activity of known modulators of the Nrf2 signaling pathway (bardoxolone and brusatol) was studied on cultures of tumor organoids of metastatic colorectal cancer previously obtained from three patients. The effect of modulators was studied both as monotherapy and in combination with standard chemotherapy drugs used to treat colorectal cancer. The Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol and the Nrf2 activator bardoxolone have antitumor activity.

Standardizing eligibility and patient selection for Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy: A Delphi consensus statement.

Introduction: Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a procedure for minimally invasive drug administration in patients with peritoneal metastasis. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of uniformity in treatment protocols and standardization of this practice. This study aimed to reach a consensus on eligibility, patient selection, and choice of chemotherapy for PIPAC.

Automated Assessment of the Area of Infiltration by CD8 Cells in Gastric Carcinoma and Areas of Normal Mucosa as a Significant Prognostic Factor.

In 139 patients with verified gastric cancer, the infiltration of the postoperative material with CD8 cells was analyzed. Automated morphometric analysis of immunostained slides was performed separately in different specimen sites (tumor center, invasive edge, and peritumoral mucosa). The mean area of infiltrating CD8 cells in the tumor center and in the invasive edge was not predictive, while in the peritumoral mucosa it provided a new negative predictive factor (hazard ratio 2.

Radiation makes cells select the form of death dependent on external or internal exposure: apoptosis or pyroptosis.

Internal radiation exposure from neutron-induced radioisotopes environmentally activated following atomic bombing or nuclear accidents should be considered for a complete picture of pathologic effects on survivors. Acute and localized high dose radiation exposure from hot particles taken into the body must induce cell death and severe damage to tissues, whether they are proliferating or not. However, very little the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this internal radiation pathology has been investigated.

Morphofunctional characteristics of proliferation and apoptosis of germinal epithelium: pathogenesis of temporary azoospermia after local electron irradiation.

Background: At present, the violation of male reproductive function caused by electron irradiation, leading to a decrease in the proliferative activity of germ cells, as well as the development of methods for its correction are relevant. The effect of leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) growth factors, which have a high regenerative capacity for the restoration of spermatogenesis, remains poorly understood. Objective of the study: immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of the proliferation of germinal epithelium after electron irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy.

Morphological Characteristics of the Lacrimal Apparatus in its Obstruction of Various Genesis.

Secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) is one of the complications of radioiodine therapy. The material was obtained during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with revision of Hasner's valve in patients with PANDO (n = 7) in the distal segments of the nasolacrimal duct and in patients with SALDO (n = 7) after radioactive iodine therapy. The material was stained with hemotoxylin and eosin, alcyan blue, and by Masson method.

Effects of Internal Exposure of Radioactive MnO Particles on the Lung in C57BL Mice.

The investigation of the radiation effects of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has revealed concerns about the impact of the residual radioactive dust produced in the soil. Manganese-56 is one of the major radioisotopes produced by neutrons from the bomb; hence, we previously examined the biological effects of manganese dioxide-56 (MnO) in Wistar rats, in which significant changes were found in the lung. In the present study, ten-week-old male C57BL mice were exposed to three doses of radioactive MnO, stable MnO particles, or external γ-rays (2 Gy) to further examine the effects of MnO in a different species.

[Landscape of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA Mutations and Clinical Features of EBV-Associated and Microsatellite Unstable Gastric Cancer].

Personalization of gastric cancer (GC) treatment is an urgent problem because of the clinical heterogeneity and aggressive course of the disease. Four GC subtypes were isolated based on molecular characteristics by The Cancer Genome Atlas researchers in 2014: Epstein-Barr virus positive (EBV^(+)), microsatellite unstable (MSI), chromosomally unstable (CIN), and genomically stable (GS). There is no unified method to detect the CIN and GS subtypes today, while MSI and EBV status assessments are used routinely and are of great clinical importance.

Cytostatic Activity of Combretastatin A-4 Derivatives in an In Vitro System.

Cytostatic activity of combretastatin A-4, its 11 analogues, and paclitaxel (Taxacad) was evaluated in vitro on human tumor cells A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma) in order to find the active and stable compound as a promising antitumor agent. 5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-isoxazole (compound 123124) and 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-isoxazole (compound 29310186) demonstrated the highest cytostatic activity (IC≈8×10 М). The activity of two other cytotoxic compounds (2E)-1-(7-methoxy-2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (compound 104815) and 4-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole hydrochloride (compound 198732) was close to that of Taxacad: IC 65×10 and 80×10 М, respectively, and are also promising active components for the development of antitumor drugs.

[Vertical resections for larynx cancer with preservation of the thyroid cartridge plates].

Unlabelled: This article presents a method of organ-preserving surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer, which has been developed and used since 1991 at the Tsyba Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Center of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The indications for this method are tumors affecting the middle part of the larynx, limiting its mobility, extending to the anterior commissure, laryngeal ventricle, vestibular fold, lower larynx and one arytenoid cartilage, but retaining mobility in the scooper-cricoid articulation.

Objective: To increase the functional safety of the larynx and improve the quality of life of patients with laryngeal cancer by using the developed method of organ-preserving surgical intervention in combined treatment.

Hondrosarcoma of the chest with intraabdominal distribution (case report).

A rare clinical observation of chondrosarcoma metastasis into the abdominal cavity with a specific metastatic ascitic fluid is presented. Chondrosarcomas that occur as a result of malignant transformation of benign chondroma are quite rare. Even less often in the literature, cases of chondrosarcoma metastases are described, especially in a peritoneum with the presence of metastatic ascites.

Minimally Manipulated Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Can Be Used for Tissue Engineering In Situ and Simultaneous Formation of Personalized Tissue Models.

Red bone marrow and autologous bone tissue (bone fragments and bone chips) of the donor were harvested intraoperatively during autoplasty of talus bone defect. Titanium chips were obtained by grinding a fragment of a microporous titanium-coated hip arthroplasty (Zimmer). Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated in the operating room, and bone and titanium fragments were incubated with a suspension of mononuclear cells.

and Expression in the Appendix of Children with COVID-19.

The sudden outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 261 million infections and an estimated 5.1 million deaths. Some vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, intestines, and lungs could be damaged by SARS-CoV-2.

Consensus statement for treatment protocols in pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC).

Objectives: Safe implementation and thorough evaluation of new treatments require prospective data monitoring and standardization of treatments. Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a promising alternative for the treatment of patients with peritoneal disease with an increasing number of suggested drug regimens. The aim was to reach expert consensus on current PIPAC treatment protocols and to define the most important research topics.

Feasibility and safety of PIPAC combined with additional surgical procedures: PLUS study.

Background: PIPAC (Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy) is a minimally invasive approach relying on physical principles for improving intraperitoneal drug delivery, including optimizing the homogeneity of drug distribution through an aerosol. Feasibility and safety of the new approach are now consolidated and data on its effectiveness are continuously increasing. Although any surgical procedure associated with PIPAC had always been discouraged due to the high risk of complications, surgical practice is constantly changing: with growing expertise, more and more surgical teams associate PIPAC with surgery.

[Hemangioendothelioma of the right innominate vein].

The authors report a rare case of hemangioendothelioma of the right innominate vein complicated by superior vena cava syndrome. Considering development of enlarged venous collaterals, we performed circular resection of superior vena cava together with the right and left innominate veins without replacement. There were no postoperative complications.

[Influence of platelets growth factors on spermatogenesis after electronic irradiation].

Background: The number of cases of male infertility is steadily growing every year, and therefore it is necessary to develop new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. It is known that plasma enriched with platelets, the α-granules of which contain growth factors, possesses high regenerative activity; therefore, we can expect positive results from its use for the restoration of spermatogenic epithelium.

Objective: Morphological assessment of spermatogenesis after local β-irradiation with a dose of 8 Gy and the introduction of growth factors.

An experimental approach to comprehend the influence of platelet rich growth factors on spermatogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Experimental animals ( = 135) were divided into 5 groups: I - control ( = 10); II - 2IR ( = 35; 2 Gy); III - 2IR + LP-PRP + IGF-1 ( = 30); IV - 2IR + LP-PRP ( = 30); V - LP-PRP ( = 30).

Results: Electron irradiation reduces the number of germ cells in comparison with the control group. After injection of LP-PRP + rhIGF-1 significantly increased the number of germ cells, Sertoli and Leydig cells, the height of germinal epithelium, area and diameter of seminiferous tubules.

Application of fluorescent immunocytochemistry in intraoperative diagnostics of metastases in sentinel lymph nodes in early breast cancer.

The aim of the study was to show the possibilities of fluorescent immunocytochemistry in urgent intraoperative examination of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with early breast cancer. The authors analyzed the data on the state of the lymph nodes in 94 patients with early breast cancer who had been operated on since December 2016 to January 2018 in the Department of reconstructive plastic surgery of the breast and skin of the P.A.

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic effects of bacteriochlorin-naphthalimide conjugates on tumor cells and mouse model.

Photo-induced cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of a series of dual function agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescent imaging based on bacteriochlorin photosensitizer conjugated with various naphthalimide fluorophores was studied in vitro using murine tumor cells of S37 sarcoma and in vivo on mice bearing murine S37 sarcoma. Upon irradiation at the absorption maximum of the photosensitizer, the activity of conjugates was as high as in the case of individual bacteriochlorin, while an additional excitation of the naphthalimide fragment led to an increase in the PDT efficacy due to resonance energy transfer from the fluorophore to photosensitizer. The fluorescence contrast and specific cytotoxic activity measurements indicate that the conjugate of bacteriochlorin with 3,4-dimethoxestyrene-substituted naphthalimide is the most promising agent for the application as theranostic in PDT.

Psychological and Aesthetic Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Patients who undergo breast cancer treatment require psychosocial and aesthetic rehabilitation. Advantages of breast reconstruction in-patient rehabilitation are well known. Oncoplastic organ-preserving surgery offers aesthetically better results, yet is often considered less safe than more radical procedures.