Ionising radiation and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of radiation associated risks of cardiovascular disease in all groups exposed to radiation with individual radiation dose estimates.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Main Outcome Measures: Excess relative risk per unit dose (Gy), estimated by restricted maximum likelihood methods.

Radiation exposure does not significantly contribute to the risk of recurrence of Chernobyl thyroid cancer.

Context: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients exposed to environmental radioiodine after the Chernobyl accident is thought to have a relatively aggressive clinical course. Long-term results of treatment are not well known, especially in comparison with sporadic PTC.

Objective: The determination of risk factors for PTC recurrence in a controlled for baseline factors group of patients with radiation-related and sporadic PTC.

Estimation of individualized radiation risk from chronic occupational exposure in Russia.

Internationally, the upper limit of acceptable individualized risk from occupational exposure for nuclear industry workers is determined by the death probability 10(-3) y(-1). The same risk value of 10(-3) y(-1) is established by the radiation safety standards currently in force in Russia. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation has proposed the formulas for estimating individualized risk of developing cancer with allowance for radiation dose, age at exposure, attained age, and sex.

Late cancer and noncancer risks among Chernobyl emergency workers of Russia.

The presented work summarizes data on estimated radiation risks among Chernobyl emergency workers of the Russian Federation. In 1991-1998, the excess relative risk (ERR) of death from malignant neoplasm was statistically significant: excess relative risk per 1 Gy (ERR/Gy)=2.11 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.

The risk of radiation-induced cerebrovascular disease in Chernobyl emergency workers.

The paper deals with estimating radiation risks of non-cancer diseases of the circulatory system among the Chernobyl emergency workers based on data from the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry. The results for the cohort of 61,017 people observed between 1986 and 2000 are discussed. These are essentially updated results for the similar cohort that was studied by authors earlier in 1986-1996.

Radiation and epidemiological analysis for solid cancer incidence among nuclear workers who participated in recovery operations following the accident at the Chernobyl NPP.

This paper discusses the results of the analysis of the relationship between dose and solid cancer incidence among nuclear workers (males) who worked as liquidators after the Chernobyl accident. Information on this cohort of individuals is available at the regional center of Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry operating at the RF State Research Centre-Institute of Biophysics. Medical and dosimetric information on 8,654 persons 18-60 years of age with documented external radiation doses is used for the analysis.

Preoperative radiotherapy in combination with metronidazole for resectable gastric cancer: long-term results of a phase 2 study.

Aim: Surgery remains the main treatment of stomach carcinoma. Poor long-term survival mandates the study of other techniques. An original treatment scheme with preoperative radiotherapy and metronidazole as a radiosensitizer is reported here.

Concentrated preoperative radiotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: 20-years follow-up of a randomized trial.

Background And Objectives: The role of radiation therapy in resectable gastric cancer is questionable. To study the value of concentrated preoperative radiotherapy, a randomized clinical trial had been carried out.

Methods: From 1974 to 1978, 152 patients were randomized and underwent exploratory laparotomy; in 50 patients curative surgery was not possible, while 102 patients satisfied protocol requirements and entered in the trial.

Elevated exposure rates under inclined birch trees indicate the occurrence of rainfall during radioactive fallout from Chernobyl.

Knowledge of the mode of deposition (wet or dry) during the main fallout period following the Chernobyl accident in late April 1986 is one of the most important parameters in environmental reconstruction of the radiation dose to the thyroid from 113I following the accident. Meteorological data are available only for a small number of locations, but routine field measurements in 1997 of exposure rates in areas still contaminated by 137Cs revealed that there is a natural indicator of wet deposition. Follow-up measurements confirmed that there is a significant difference in exposure rates measured on different sides at the bases of inclined birch trees in areas of wet deposition.

Mortality among the Chernobyl emergency workers: estimation of radiation risks (preliminary analysis).

This paper presents results of the analysis of mortality among Chernobyl accident emergency workers who are resident in Russia. The analysis is based on information for the cohort of emergency workers (males) from six regions of Russia including 65,905 persons with documented external doses in the range 0.005-03 Sv.

Cancer incidence among nuclear workers in Russia based on data from the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering: a preliminary analysis.

One group that has the potential to be exposed to radiation is workers in the nuclear industry. Results of a systematic medical follow-up and dosimetric monitoring of these workers can form the basis for a study of the relationship between cancer incidence and radiation dose. As part of such efforts in Russia, a major institution of the nuclear industry with an established medical care unit, archiving capabilities, and dosimetry department was selected: the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE) in Obninsk.

A prospective, randomized trial of pre-operative and intraoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone in resectable gastric cancer.

Introduction: Worldwide, gastric cancer remains one of the most common malignancies. Discouraging survival rates after surgical treatment promote the study of adjuvant therapy. A prospectively, randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed in order to determine whether pre-operative and intraoperative radiotherapy improves treatment results of gastrectomy for stomach carcinoma.

Radiation-epidemiological analysis of incidence of non-cancer diseases among the Chernobyl liquidators.

The work is concerned with assessment of radiation risks for non-cancer disease among the Chernobyl liquidators from 1986 to 1996. As of 1 January 1999, the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry contains medical and dosimetric data for 174,000 liquidators. The cohort of 68,309 liquidators for whom best verified medical data are available is discussed.

Determination of somatic mutant frequencies at glycophorin A and T-cell receptor loci for biodosimetry of prolonged irradiation.

Purpose: To determine the variant frequencies (VF) at glycophorin A (GPA) and T-cell receptor (TCR) loci in persons exposed to prolonged ionizing radiation at different doses and to assess the significance of the GPA and TCR assays for biodosimetry of prolonged irradiation.

Materials And Methods: The VF values were determined by means of flow cytometry in 120 persons exposed between 1968-1996. Most exposures were in Chernobyl clean-up workers in 1986-1987.

Cancer incidence among liquidators of the Chernobyl accident: solid tumors, 1986-1995.

The paper considers information about cancer incidence (solid tumors) among liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, which occurred in April 1986. The information was accumulated in the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR) in the period from 1986 to early 1996. The RNMDR contains individual dosimetric and annual check-up data on liquidators resident in Russia.