The adapted Caprini score as a proxy forpostoperative venous thromboembolismprophylaxis: a tertiary hospital experience.

Background: Postoperative patients' risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) can be predicted using the adapted Caprini risk assessment model which informs administration of postoperative VTE prophylaxis. The study aimed to assess the appropriateness of postoperative VTE prophylaxis of patients according to the adapted Caprini scores and investigate whether a patient's HIV status influenced postoperative VTE prophylaxis administration.

Methods: This cohort study included patients who had elective or urgent surgery at a tertiary hospital, Bloemfontein.

Representative modeling of biocompatible MXene nanocomposites for next-generation biomedical technologies and healthcare.

MXenes are a class of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXT) that have attracted significant interest owing to their remarkable potential in various fields. The unique combination of their excellent electromagnetic, optical, mechanical, and physical properties have extended their applications to the biological realm as well. In particular, their ultra-thin layered structure holds specific promise for diverse biomedical applications.

Forsythiaside A Ameliorates Inflammation by Regulating the Autophagy in Methotrexate-induced Intestinal Mucositis.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) effectively eliminates cancerous cells but can also cause inflammation intestinal, known as mucositis. Forsythiaside A (FTA) from Forsythia suspensa has shown promise in relieving mucositis by targeting the NLRP3 pathways. Since NLRP3 inflammasome activation is negatively regulated by autophagy, this study explores how FTAmediated autophagy affects NLRP3 inflammasome in treating MTX-induced intestinal inflammation.

Rhabdomyolysis Following Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a commonly used antibiotic for the treatment of several infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and in certain cases, septic arthritis. Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is very rare and less than 20 cases have been reported, so far, in the literature, in particular in immunocompromised patients. Here, we report a case of TMP-SMX-induced RM in an immunocompetent patient, adding to the limited data on this association.

Clinicopathological and in Silico Insights into Male Infertility: Agerelated Trends and Anti-sperm Antibodies Post COVID-19 Vaccination.

Background: Infertility was often considered a female issue, but male infertility emerged significantly after the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, assessments are crucial for planning policies on health care and family planning and reasons thereof post vaccinations.

Material And Methods: The present study was a case-control, dual-centers, prospective study with normal sperm parameters.

Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) by Investigating Patient's Specific microRNAs as Novel Biomarkers: A Clinical Trial Study.

Background: Since there is currently no cure for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), it is essential to search for diagnostic biomarkers and novel treatments to reduce the severity of this disease. One of these treatment approaches is stem cell transplantation.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated transplantation of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in patients with ALS by analyzing clinical and molecular data.

The Efficacy of Repetitive Transorbital Alternating Current Stimulation (rtACS) in Patients With Optic Nerve Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Optic nerve disorders significantly contribute to visual impairment with irreversible visual deficits. Current treatments have limited efficacy in resolving chronic visual deficits, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Neurorehabilitation techniques, including repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS), have emerged as promising approaches to restore lost visual function through the ability to modulate brain activity.

Assessment of genetic conservation units of an endangered glacial relict insular species, , based on fine-scale genetic structures of multiple fragmented mountainous populations in Taiwan.

Insular species are usually endemic and prone to long-term population reduction, low genetic diversity, and inbreeding depression, which results in difficulties in species conservation. The situation is even more challenging for the glacial relict species whose habitats are usually fragmented in the mountainous regions. is an endangered and endemic relict tree species in Taiwan.

Efficacy and safety of in patients with primary hyperoxaluria: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Objective: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, results in defective metabolism of oxalate, leading to increased oxalate levels. is a nonpathological anaerobic bacterium that uses oxalate for its survival and thus decreases the plasma oxalate levels. We aimed to use randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of in treating PH.

Laser surface nanoalloying of Fe, Si, and C on aluminum substrates with excellent optical and electronic properties.

Laser surface alloying of Fe, Si, and C on aluminium is demonstrated using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as the source of energy. The fundamental wavelength of the laser beam was 1064 nm with an output energy of 100 mJ and a pulse duration of 10 ns. The exposure was conducted in repetitive mode with a frequency rate of 1 Hz.

Combination of Two-Stage Continuous Feeding and Optimized Synthetic Medium Increases Lipid Production in .

The oleaginous yeast is recognized for its remarkable lipid accumulation under nitrogen-limited conditions. However, precise control of microbial lipid production in remains challenging due to the complexity of nutrient media. We developed a two-stage fed-batch fermentation process using a well-defined synthetic medium in a 5-L bioreactor.

Peptide Backbone Cleavage and Transamidation via Thioester-to-Imide Acyl Transfer.

Cysteine thioesters are involved in a myriad of central biological transformations due to their unique reactivity. Despite their well-studied properties, we discovered an unexpected transamidation reaction of cysteine thioesters that leads to peptide backbone cleavage. -Acylcysteine-containing peptides were found to spontaneously fragment by cleavage of the amide bond in the -1 position to the acylated cysteine residue at pH 8-10.

Exploring the potential of some natural indoles as antiviral agents: quantum chemical analysis, inverse molecular docking, and affinity calculations.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent critical global health challenges due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with co-infections. HIV, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), infects 4,000 people daily, potentially leading to 1.2 million new cases by 2025, while HCV chronically affects 58 million people, causing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

. Extract Attenuates Inflammation and Oxidative Damage in Cisplatin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization.

L. fruits and leaf extracts have a broad range of immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects; however, their effects on cardiac protection have not been investigated. The study aims to test the biological activity of L.

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in children, Hong Kong, November 2023 to June 2024.

We conducted a test negative study from November 2023 to June 2024, enrolling 4,367 children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Among the children who tested negative for influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, 56.8 % had received influenza vaccination.

Evaluation of vaccine perceptions in Israel's Elderly: A Comparative study of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination attitudes.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of Israeli elderly population towards COVID-19 and influenza vaccines, and to assess factors contributing to these attitudes.

Methods: Four-hundred and one participants exhibiting symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or influenza were enrolled and filled out a questionnaire. A second questionnaire was filled out for hospitalized patients at discharge.

Prevalence of MRI lesions in men responding to a GP-led invitation for a prostate health check: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: In men with a raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA), MRI increases the detection of clinically significant cancer and reduces overdiagnosis, with fewer biopsies. MRI as a screening tool has not been assessed independently of PSA in a formal screening study. We report a systematic community-based assessment of the prevalence of prostate MRI lesions in an age-selected population.

Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening revisited: a large, retrospective cross-sectional study quantifying treatment intensity in women with screen-detected versus non-screen-detected cancer in Australia and New Zealand.

Objectives: Non-mortality benefits of breast cancer screening are rarely considered in assessments of benefits versus harms. This study aims to estimate the rate of overdiagnosis in women with screen-detected breast cancer (SDBC) by allocating cases to either possibly overdiagnosed (POD) or not overdiagnosed categories and to compare treatment recommendations for surgery and adjuvant treatments by category, age at diagnosis and cancer stage.

Methods And Analysis: Retrospective secondary analysis of 10 191 women diagnosed with breast cancer in Australia and New Zealand in 2018.

Lysosomal activity in response to the incubation of pristine and functionalized carbon nanodots.

We present functional studies of lysosomes in human cells after uptake of carbon nanodots (CNDs). Even under high CND concentrations, the lysosomal functionality, as characterized via cathepsins B and L as well as the autophagic markers SQSTM1/p62 and LC3B-II, is maintained. Furthermore, branched polyethylenimine (bPEI) molecules have been coupled to the CNDs as a model functionalization or example of a drug.

Hyperglycemic milieu impairs Vγ9Vδ2 T cell functions in tuberculosis patients and prolongs M.tb negative conversion time.

γδ T cells play protective roles in tuberculosis (TB). Our work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in TB patients. However, their functions in TB require further comprehensive evaluation.

Cu(ii) binding to an antimicrobial shrimp peptide - a small step for structural chemistry, a big leap for medicinal applications.

PvHCt, a 23-amino acid long, histidine-rich peptide derived from shrimp, becomes strongly antimicrobial upon Cu(ii) ion binding. We describe Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes of this peptide, aiming to understand how metal binding and structure correlates to biological activity. Using NMR, UV-vis, CD and FTIR spectroscopies, along with cyclic voltammetry, potentiometry, and DFT calculations, we demonstrate that Cu(ii) binds to the central and C-terminal regions of the peptide, inducing significant structural changes.

Predicting patient outcomes with gene-expression biomarkers from colorectal cancer organoids and cell lines.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by an extremely high mortality rate, mainly caused by the high metastatic potential of this type of cancer. To date, chemotherapy remains the backbone of the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Three main chemotherapeutic drugs used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer are 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan which is metabolized to an active compound SN-38.