Sonic hedgehog signaling is associated with resistance to zoledronic acid in CD133high/CD44high prostate cancer stem cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique population that has been linked to drug resistance and metastasis and recurrence of prostate cancer. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal regulates stem cells in normal prostate epithelium by affecting cell behavior, survival, proliferation, and maintenance. Aberrant SHH pathway activation leads to an unsuitable expansion of stem cell lineages in the prostate epithelium and the transformation of prostate CSCs (PCSCs).

LC-HRMS Profiling and Antidiabetic, Anticholinergic, and Antioxidant Activities of Aerial Parts of Kınkor ().

Kınkor () is Turkish medicinal plant species and used in folk medicine against some diseases. As far as we know, the data are not available on the biological activities and chemical composition of this medicinal plant. In this study, the phytochemical composition; some metabolic enzyme inhibition; and antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antioxidant activities of this plant were assessed.

Internalized Stigma in Pediatric Psoriasis: A Comparative Multicenter Study.

Background: Internalized stigma, adoption of negative attitudes and stereotypes of the society regarding persons' illness, has not been studied previously in pediatric psoriasis patients.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the internalized stigma in pediatric psoriasis patients and to determine differences according to factors affecting internalized stigma compared to adult psoriasis patients.

Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional, comparative study included 125 pediatric (55 female, 70 male; mean age±standard deviation [SD], 14.

Protective effect of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin pretreatments on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.

: Major side effects of cyclophosphamide administration are immunosuppression and myelosuppression. The immunomodulatory effects of plant bioactive compounds on chemotherapy drug-induced immunosuppression may have significant effects in cancer treatment. For this reason, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in rats.

Temporal overexpression of IL-22 and Reg3γ differentially impacts the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

IL-22 is an alpha-helical cytokine which belongs to the IL-10 family of cytokines. IL-22 is produced by RORγt+ innate and adaptive lymphocytes, including ILC3, γδ T, iNKT, Th17 and Th22 cells and some granulocytes. IL-22 receptor is expressed primarily by non-haematopoietic cells.

The Toxicological Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Valeriana officinalis L., radix (Valerian root) as Herbal Medicinal Product for the Relief of Mild Nervous Tension and Sleep Disorders Available in Polish Pharmacies.

Studies related to the toxicological risk assessment (TRA) of heavy metal impurities (HMIs) in pharmaceuticals are an important issue but there is a lack of refereed literature around the safety of Valeriana officinalis L., radix (Valerian root) as herbal medicinal product (HMP) for the relief of mild nervous tension and sleep disorders according to lead and cadmium impurities. The aim of the study was to estimate the TRA of lead and cadmium in Valeriana officinalis L.

Comparative evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of different oral antiseptics: A primary culture study.

Background: Dental plaque is a major oral health problem with severe consequences. Oral antiseptics provide important means for controlling dental plaque formation and are widely used by the public. However, some of these antiseptics have been shown to have side effects on oral tissues.

Evaluation of biophysical skin parameters and hair changes in patients with acne vulgaris treated with isotretinoin, and the effect of biotin use on these parameters.

Aim: Impairment of biotin metabolism with the use of isotretinoin and the mucocutaneous side effects observed in patients using isotretinoin suggests that they are a result of decreased enzyme activity. We aimed to determine the pattern of skin and hair changes in patients with acne receiving isotretinoin and how these changes were affected by biotin added to the treatment.

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients were divided into two groups.

Efficacy and tolerability of current treatments for hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with visceral metastases.

To assess the efficacy and tolerability of the first-line treatment options for hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with visceral metastases. The records of 191 patients diagnosed with hormone-refractory prostate cancer with visceral metastases were analyzed retrospectively. Docetaxel was administered to 61.

Treatment of rectus sheath hematomas: Eight years of single-center experience with a review of literature.

Background: Rectus sheath hematoma is a rare and frequently misdiagnosed cause of acute abdominal pain. In the management of the patients with rectus sheath hematoma, which are mostly with advanced age and comorbid diseases, positive results can be obtained by avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures with correct diagnosis and treatment approaches. The presented study aims to contribute to the lack of algorithms and optimal treatment strategies in the management of rectus sheath hematoma patients with the description of our experience in their management.

Artesunate inhibits melanoma progression in vitro via suppressing STAT3 signaling pathway.

Background: Melanoma is a life-threatening cancer characterized with a potentially metastatic tumor of melanocytic origin. Improved methods or novel therapies are urgently needed to eliminate the development of metastases. Artesunate is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin used for trarment of malaria and cancer.

Evaluation of surface characteristic and bacterial adhesion of low-shrinkage resin composites.

This study aimed to examine the surface characteristics of low shrinkage composites and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis to these materials. Control material (glass) and three low shrinkage composites (Charisma Diamond, Kalore GC, Beatiful II LS) were used. After polishing procedure was applied to composite specimens, surface roughness (SR), surface free energy (SFE), and contact angle measurements were performed.

Trastuzumab ± Capecitabine Maintenance After the First-Line Treatment of HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer: Retrospective Observational Real-Life Data of Turkish Oncology Group.

Purpose: In the ToGA trial for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer, cisplatin plus fluoropyrimidine was given for 6 cycles; trastuzumab was given until disease progression. However, there is a lack of real-life data about trastuzumab maintenance after 6 cycle chemotherapy. This study aims to present real-life data of trastuzumab ± capecitabine maintenance after 6 cycles of platinum, fluoropyrimidine, and trastuzumab in non-progressive patients.

Evaluation of pubertal and pathological gynaecomastia in children: A single-center experience.

Gynaecomastia in adolescents is a benign glandular proliferation of the male breast. Secondary causes of gynaecomastia in adolescents are relatively rare and may result from a wide variety of rare pathological conditions. Among these, klinefelter syndrome, complete androgen resistance, adrenal tumours and oestrogen-secreting testicular tumours, hypogonadism, hyperthyroidism, kidney disease and medications play a role in aetiology.

Genomic, transcriptomic and physiological analyses of silver-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained by evolutionary engineering.

Silver is a non-essential metal used in medical applications as an antimicrobial agent, but it is also toxic for biological systems. To investigate the molecular basis of silver resistance in yeast, we employed evolutionary engineering using successive batch cultures at gradually increased silver stress levels up to 0.25-mM AgNO in 29 populations and obtained highly silver-resistant and genetically stable Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains.

End-To-End Computerized Diagnosis of Spondylolisthesis Using Only Lumbar X-rays.

Lumbar spondylolisthesis (LS) is the anterior shift of one of the lower vertebrae about the subjacent vertebrae. There are several symptoms to define LS, and these symptoms are not detected in the early stages of LS. This leads to disease progress further without being identified.

Treatment of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA injury with N-acetylcysteine at simulative pesticide toxicity in fish.

Pesticide toxicities are common in aquatic ecosystems and affects aquatic livings negative. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the antioxidant system in aquatic organisms and to protect the organisms against these toxic chemicals. In this study, the simulative toxicity was established to the fish then the healing process was followed.

Comparison of Conventional Methods, Automated Systems, and DNA Sequence Analysis Methods in the Identification of and Bacteria Isolated from Blood and Catheter Culture Samples.

The aim of this study is to compare different methods due to the difficulties in identifying coryneform bacteria to species level and to determine antibiotic resistance profiles. Isolates identified as (:45) by VITEK 2 Compact and (:1) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), isolated from blood and catheter cultures between 2015 and 2017 were included in the study. For identification of the isolates, conventional tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were performed.

A new synthetic approach for pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-4(5H)-one derivatives and their antiproliferative effects on lung adenocarcinoma cell line.

Starting from the 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole ring and acetophenone derivatives, five different N-propargylated C-3 substituted pyrazoles were obtained. These derivatives were reacted with different amine derivatives using CsCO in methanol and 11 different pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrazine-4(5H)-one derivatives were obtained, which are not found in the literature. The cytotoxic effects of these derivatives in the A549 cell line were investigated.

Comparison of effects of high and low dose paracetamol treatment and toxicity on brain and liver in rats.

Objective: Paracetamol is thought that it acts by inhibiting the central cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme; its mechanism of action is still not fully explained. Although its most important side effect is hepatoxicity, it is thought to cause toxicity on the brain in recent years. The present study aims to investigate the treatment and toxic effects of low and high doses of paracetamol on the liver and brain.

The effect of body mass index on location of recurrence and survival in early-stage colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Obesity has become one of the major public health problems in many countries. Controversial results were reported in publications on the relationship between obesity and mortality in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and that receive curative treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the location of recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with early-stage CRC.

Does ARFI elastography complement B-mode ultrasonography in the radiological diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma?

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic, unpleasant autoimmune inflammatory condition and is clinically and radiologically often confused with breast malignancy.

Purpose: To investigate the contributions of qualitative and quantitative aspects of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography to the differential diagnosis between IGM and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the breast.

Material And Methods: Ninety-four women with IDC and 39 with IGM were included in the study.

Relationship between Gene Polymorphisms and Gastrointestinal Tumors Development: Perspective from Eastern Part of Turkey.

Background: Gastric and esophageal cancers are 2 of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide. Polymorphisms in the genes that code the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme increase the formation of both cancer types. In this study, it was aimed to research the relationship between the existence of and polymorphisms in patients with gastric and esophageal cancer and the lifespans of patients.

Comparison of the protective effects of curcumin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity.

Whether testicular toxicity is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is an important question that has not been examined. This study investigated the suppressive effect of curcumin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and whether MMPs mediate doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular injury. Male rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 8 per group).

Textile dyes Maxilon blue 5G and Reactive blue 203 induce acute toxicity and DNA damage during embryonic development of Danio rerio.

Common textile dyes used in various industrial sectors are organic compounds and considered for the aquatic environment as pollutants. The textile dye industry is one of the main sectors that have serious impacts on the environment due to a large amount of wastewater released into the ecosystem. Maxilon blue 5G (MB-5G) and Reactive Blue 203 (RB-203) are widely used textile dyes.