Ethics of research on stem cells and regenerative medicine: ethical guidelines in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: Regenerative medicine plays a major role in biomedicine, and given the ever-expanding boundaries of this knowledge, numerous ethical considerations have been raised.

Main Text: Rapid advancement of regenerative medicine science and technology in Iran, emerged the Iranian National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research to develop a comprehensive national ethical guideline. Therefore, the present ethical guideline which comprises eleven chapters was developed in 2019 and approved in early 2020.

Relationship among factors affecting research misconduct in medical sciences in Iran.

This study aims to determine the relationship among factors affecting research misconduct within the research system of medical sciences in Iran. Using phenomenography, the perceptions of individuals involved in the activities of macro, meso, and micro levels of the research system were investigated and 13 affecting factors were identified. The DEMATEL method revealed complicated and intertwined relationships among these factors based on the experts' judgment.

Priority setting for research in the field of medical ethics in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a Delphi study.

Background: Priority-setting is one way to develop research in a particular field.

Aims: We aimed to identify and prioritize the most important medical ethics issues for research in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Methods: A 3-round Delphi survey was conducted using a questionnaire covering 77 medical ethics topics in 10 categories and subcategories (extracted from literature review); this was emailed to 40 experts in medical ethics.

Strengths of Iran for internationalization of medical sciences education.

Introduction: Internationalization of higher education involves mutual exchanges as well as a consensus based. Political, economic, sociocultural, and scientific reasons recommend the need to move toward the internationalization of higher education. The current study highlights the strengths of the internationalization of Iran's medical sciences education.

COVID-19 and off label use of drugs: an ethical viewpoint.

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak is rapidly spread over the world and kills infected patients. There is no proven medication for its treatment, so, all of the medications used for treatment are considered to be off-label. Off-label uses are not under regulation in the outbreak because there is no specific regulation for this condition.

Iranian Society of Asthma and Allergy Codes of Professional Ethics.

The advances in science and technology in recent decades, especially in medical sciences, have raised new ethical challenges. Hence, professional organizations in the field of medical science are trying to develop regulations in the field of medical ethics to help medical science professionals in making the best decisions in different circumstances and moral dilemmas. The organizations also try to monitor their performance using those regulations.

Design and Development of Dentistry Ethical Codes: Proposed for National Implementation in Iran.

Objectives: The dental profession has a special place of trust in the society, and dental clinicians must adhere to ethical standards in all dental procedures. Ethical conduct is one of the main expectations of individuals from this profession. The aim of this study was to design and develop dental ethical codes for national implementation in Iran.

Bridging the Gap Between Ethical Theory and Practice in Medicine: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study.

Physicians try hard to alleviate mental and physical ailments of their patients. Thus, they are heavily burdened by observing ethics and staying well-informed while improving health of their patients. A major ethical concern or dilemma in medication is that some physicians know their behavior is unethical, yet act against their moral compass.

Cost-consciousness among Iranian internal medicine residents.

Study aimed at assessing residents' cost awareness and their attitude about health care costs. Internal medicine residents at teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were surveyed during August-December 2016 using a researcher-made questionnaire comprising attitude statements and cost estimation of diagnostic and treatment items. Eighty-nine residents completed the survey (response rate = 56.

Obstacles of professional behavior among medical trainees: A qualitative study from Iran (2018).

Introduction: Despite all efforts that have been made to promote professional behavior among medical trainees, unfortunately, reports from medical schools around the world confirm the prevalence of nonprofessional behaviors by medical students. Experts in the field of medical ethics and medical education in different countries have suggested several reasons for failing to minimize unprofessional performance among medical students.

Materials And Methods: This qualitative study aimed to promote our understanding from the challenges faced by Iranian medical students in providing professional behavior.

Ethical Considerations for Living in Temporary Shelters (i.e., camps) Following a Natural Disaster.

Background: Some disasters, such as earthquake and flood make the majority of affected people homeless. The accommodation of these people in temporary shelters and camps requires some specific ethical issues. The aim of the present study was to discuss ethical issues regarding living in camps following natural disasters.

Iran's international collaborative articles in medical sciences.

Forecasting is the process of predicting future behavior. In reviewing databases, no predicted value associated with international collaboration publications in Iran was found. Thus, the present study aimed at forecasting Iran's international collaborative articles in medical sciences.

Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population.

Iran, despite its size, geographic location and past cultural influence, has largely been a blind spot for human population genetic studies. With only sparse genetic information on the Iranian population available, we pursued its genome-wide and geographic characterization based on 1021 samples from eleven ethnic groups. We show that Iranians, while close to neighboring populations, present distinct genetic variation consistent with long-standing genetic continuity, harbor high heterogeneity and different levels of consanguinity, fall apart into a cluster of similar groups and several admixed ones and have experienced numerous language adoption events in the past.

Educational system defects and observing professional behavior: A qualitative study.

Background: Observing professional behavior in clinical settings encounters many obstacles. In this research, the effect of defects of the educational system in observing professional behavior in clinical settings of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) has been investigated.

Materials And Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted using focused group discussions in TUMS.

Factors influencing the attitudes of NICU physicians toward care of neonates with very poor prognosis.

Attitudes of physicians toward neonates with poor prognosis greatly influence their decisions regarding the course of treatment and care. The present study aimed to investigate factors contributing to attitudes of medical practitioners toward poor prognosis neonates. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study.

Ethical considerations in the biomedical research: analysis of national biomedical research ethics guidelines in Iran.

The national guidelines for biomedical research ethics are approved by the "National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research" at the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education as the regulatory body for biomedical research in the country. The focus of these guidelines should be on the ethical issues related to different stages of the research process, which would lead to increased research integrity and better supervision of research activities. The present study analyzed the contents of these national guidelines to clarify the ethical considerations connected to the five stages of a research process including 1) proposing, 2) approval, 3) operation, 4) documentation and 5) publishing.

A study of the validity and reliability of the questionnaire entitled "physicians' approach to and disclosure of medical errors and the related ethical issues".

Medical errors are among the major challenges that threaten patients' health worldwide. The aim of this study was to design a valid and reliable questionnaire to investigate the status of medical error disclosure by physicians. A preliminary questionnaire was developed based on the extracted results from 37 interviews with specialists.

jurisprudential and ethical considerations of practicing medical Islamic procedures on nearly dead patients: Part II (Shiite jurisprudents' viewpoints).

Part one of the present study presented practical Islamic jurisprudential rules and investigated their application to performing medical procedures on nearly dead patients. It was contended that a dying patient could be used in medical education in cases where there is no alternative method, provided the patient voluntarily consents and is not offended. Part two of the present study addresses the issue by referring to the opinions of Islamic jurisprudents to find an appropriate solution to a challenging question in medicine, namely, whether clinical training of medical students on the dying person is permissible.

Islamic jurisprudential and ethical considerations of practicing medical procedures on nearly dead patients: Part I (The theoretical section).

End-of-life care and protection of the patient in the near-death moments are part of a patient's rights and the duties of the medical staff. As the beginning and end of human life are most sensitive moments, there are various religious rules associated with them. The ethical issues regarding practicing medical procedures on nearly dead patients are of particular complexity and are consistent with invaluable and profoundly religious recommendations.

General approaches to ethical reasoning in Islamic biomedical ethics discourse.

Islamic and non-religious ethics discourses have similarities and differences at the levels of meta-, normative, and applied ethics (e.g. biomedical ethics).

Public preferences and attitudes towards the disclosure of medical errors: a survey in Iran.

Awareness of the occurrence of medical errors is the right of patients and duty of the health service providers. This study was conducted to evaluate to what extent people want to know the occurrence of an error in their medical care, what they expect to be disclosed about medical error, and what are the influential factors in filing a lawsuit against physicians in disclosed medical errors from their point of view. In this cross-sectional survey, 1062 people residing in the city of Qom, Iran, were telephone interviewed using the random digit dialing method.

Iranome: A catalog of genomic variations in the Iranian population.

Considering the application of human genome variation databases in precision medicine, population-specific genome projects are continuously being developed. However, the Middle Eastern population is underrepresented in current databases. Accordingly, we established Iranome database (www.

Patient privacy: Awareness and attitudes of Iran University of Medical Sciences medical students.

Respecting patients' privacy is an essential professional responsibility for physicians and other health team members. In this regard, this study investigates medical students' knowledge and attitude about confidentiality and disclosure of patients' information. In this cross-sectional study, 160 medical students of Iran University of Medical Sciences participated who were selected using stratified random sampling.

Ethics preparedness: facilitating ethics review during outbreaks - recommendations from an expert panel.

Background: Ensuring that countries have adequate research capacities is essential for an effective and efficient response to infectious disease outbreaks. The need for ethical principles and values embodied in international research ethics guidelines to be upheld during public health emergencies is widely recognized. Public health officials, researchers and other concerned stakeholders also have to carefully balance time and resources allocated to immediate treatment and control activities, with an approach that integrates research as part of the outbreak response.