Divergent transcriptional states and kinetics of circulating tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte repertoires with highly homologous T-cell receptor sequences in a patient during immunotherapy.

Evidence has shown that T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize the same epitopes may not be the exact TCR clonotypes but have slightly different TCR sequences. However, the changes in the genomic and transcriptomic signatures of these highly homologous T cells during immunotherapy remain unknown. Here, we examined the evolutionary features in circulating TCR clonotypes observed in tumors (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-TCRs) by combining single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing of longitudinal blood samples and TCR sequencing of tumor tissue from a patient treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4/programmed cell death protein-1 therapy.

Safety and efficacy of satralizumab in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (LUMINESCE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Background: Evidence from preclinical studies suggests that IL-6 signalling has the potential to modulate immunopathogenic mechanisms upstream of autoantibody effector mechanisms in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of satralizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-6 receptor, in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis.

Methods: LUMINESCE was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study at 105 sites, including hospitals and clinics, globally.

The Anatomy of Gossip: Dissecting Dynamics and Impacts in Surgical Residency.

Background: Gossip, defined by social scientists as "evaluative talk about an absent third party," is anecdotally pervasive yet poorly understood in surgical residency programs. Gossip is known to have both positive and negative impacts. This study sought to deconstruct the role of gossip in surgical residency and evaluate its impact through the lens of surgical residents.

A-kinase anchor protein 12 promotes oligodendrogenesis and cognitive recovery in carbon monoxide therapy for traumatic brain injury.

Therapeutic drug development for central nervous system injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), presents significant challenges. TBI results in primary mechanical damage followed by secondary injury, leading to cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. Our recent study demonstrated the potential of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) to improve TBI recovery by enhancing neurogenesis.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Does Not Change the Pharmacokinetics and Transplacental Distribution of Fluoxetine and Norfluoxetine Enantiomers.

: Fluoxetine (FLX) is the inhibitor of serotonin reuptake most prescribed in pregnant women with depression. This study evaluates the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics and transplacental distribution of FLX and its metabolite norfluoxetine (norFLX). : Ten pregnant women diagnosed with GDM (GDM group) were investigated in the third trimester of gestation after they achieved good glycemic control.

Physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding practices of male and female surgical sterilization procedures in Lebanon.

Objective: Surgical sterilization, including vasectomy in males and tubal ligation in females, is a highly effective but underutilized contraception method. Adoption rates vary globally mostly due to misconceptions by both the general public and practicing physicians. Our survey aims to explore physicians' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about surgical sterilization techniques in Lebanon.

Association of Alcohol Use Disorder and Perioperative Complications and Adverse Events After Spinal Fusion Surgery During the In-hospital Period: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database.

Objective: Alcohol use disorder carries major effects shown to limit social support, increase recovery times, and lead to a higher incidence of surgical complications. This retrospective cohort study investigated the influence of AUD on perioperative outcomes and adverse events after spinal fusions in the largest sample size to date and spanning 11 years.

Methods: Data for adult (>18 years old) patients who underwent a spinal fusion as their primary surgery were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for the years 2009-2020.

Internal Tremor in Long COVID May Be a Symptom of Dysautonomia and Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Internal tremor (IT) is often reported by patients with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, also known as Long COVID, as a distressing and disabling symptom. Similarly, physicians are typically perplexed by the nature and etiology of IT and find it extremely challenging to manage. We describe a patient with Long COVID who experienced IT as part of post-COVID postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and small fiber neuropathy (SFN) and review the limited literature available on this topic.

Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein Gene Expression Is Associated With High Infiltration of Stromal Cells and Immune Cells, but With Less Cancer Cell Proliferation and Better Overall Survival in Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancers.

Background: Peritumoral lidocaine infiltration prior to excision is associated with better survival in breast cancer (BC), which led us to hypothesize that innervation to the tumor affects its biology and patient survival. Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) gene expression is known to be regulated by neuronal activity. Therefore, we studied the clinical relevance of ARC gene expression as a surrogate of neuronal activity in BC.

Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Is Associated With Worse Prognosis, but Better Response to Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) is a key inducer of angiogenesis, responsible for generating new blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and facilitating metastasis. Notably, Avastin, which targets VEGFA, failed to demonstrate any significant benefit in clinical trials for breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of gene expression in BC.

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue associations with postmenopausal breast cancer incidence.

Background: Obesity, classified by body mass index (BMI), is associated with higher postmenopausal breast cancer (BCa) risk. Yet, the associations between abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with BCa are unclear.

Methods: We assessed BCa associations with abdominal VAT and SAT in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women without a history of cancer and with 27 years follow-up (N = 9950), during which all new cancers were adjudicated.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

CT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT in the Assessment of Lymph Node Involvement in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Expert Consensus Definition by an International Collaboration on Staging Evaluation and Response Criteria Harmonization for Children, Adolescent, and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma (SEARCH for CAYAHL).

Staging of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma is currently based on the Ann Arbor classification, incorporating the Cotswold modifications and the Lugano classification. The Cotswold modifications provide guidelines for the use of CT and MRI. The Lugano classification emphasizes the importance of CT and PET/CT in evaluating both Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma but focuses on adult patients.

The Impact of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among UK Women: An Obesity-Adjusted Analysis.

Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is known to elevate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but the extent to which obesity and IIH-specific factors contribute to this risk is not well understood. WE aim to separate the effects of obesity from IIH-specific factors on the risk of stroke and CVD, building on previous findings that indicate a two-fold increase in cardiovascular events in women with IIH compared to BMI-matched controls.

Methods: An obesity-adjusted risk analysis was conducted using Indirect Standardization based on data from a cohort study by Adderley et al.

Definition of cage subsidence in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) approach and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) approach - A systematic review.

Background: Although cage subsidence is one of the most common phenomenona associated with interbody fusions and was characterized more than 70 years ago, a standardized method for its measurement, detection, and reporting among different lumbar fusion procedures does not exist. Here, we review previously published literature on cage subsidence to present the most common methods for defining subsidence in the posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) techniques.

Methods: A search was completed in PubMed and Embase with inclusion criteria focused on identifying any study that provided descriptions of the method, imaging modality, and subsidence threshold used to define the presence of cage subsidence in study articles published between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2022.

Fish as environmental sentinels for metal contaminants of human health concern in the Lower Mississippi River Basin.

Industrial expansion and population growth have lowered water quality, polluting aquatic ecosystems world-wide. Metal pollution in the rivers across the United States are a major health concern. The level of metal contamination in fish from the Lower Mississippi River Basin and their threat to public health were last evaluated 20 years ago.

Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in people with history of acute pancreatitis: TriNetX analysis.

Introduction: . Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are used in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. However, concerns over their association with acute pancreatitis (AP) have emerged.

Association between interhospital transfer status and outcomes following nontraumatic subdural hemorrhage.

Background: Patients with nontraumatic subdural hemorrhage often require immediate surgical intervention that may not be available at community hospitals and are therefore transferred to tertiary care centers. This study aims to evaluate the effects of interhospital transfer (IHT) on postoperative complications and outcomes following ntSDH.

Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried for patients treated for ntSDH from January 2014 to January 2020.

Skeletal muscle-specific Bambi deletion induces hypertrophy and oxidative switching coupling with adipocyte thermogenesis against metabolic disorders.

Skeletal muscle plays a significant role in both local and systemic energy metabolism. The current investigation aims to explore the role of the Bambi gene in skeletal muscle, focusing on its implications for muscle hypertrophy and systemic metabolism. We hypothesize that skeletal muscle-specific deletion of Bambi induces muscle hypertrophy, improves metabolic performance, and activates thermogenic adipocytes via the reprogramming of progenitor of iWAT, offering potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic syndromes.

Olutasidenib in combination with azacitidine induces durable complete remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory mIDH1 acute myeloid leukemia: a multicohort open-label phase 1/2 trial.

Background: Olutasidenib is a potent, selective, oral, small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) which induced durable remissions in high-risk, relapsed/refractory (R/R) mIDH1 AML patients in a phase 1/2 trial. We present a pooled analysis from multiple cohorts of the phase 1/2 trial of patients with R/R AML who received combination olutasidenib and azacitidine therapy.

Methods: Adult patients with mIDH1 AML received 150 mg olutasidenib twice daily plus standard-of-care azacitidine (OLU + AZA) and were evaluated for response and safety.

Safety and Efficacy of Metformin for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. A U.S-Based Real-World Data Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Introduction: Managing idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is challenging due to limited treatment options. This study evaluates metformin as a potential therapy for IIH, examining its impact on disease outcomes and safety.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database, covering data from 2009 to August 2024.

Anatomy-driven segmentation of parafoveal optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures may improve associations with clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Previous investigations on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) focused on generalizable macular and peri-papillary regions without considering the anatomic variations of the retinal layer thickness.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the utility of parafoveal retinal layer thickness measured by OCT, underscoring its relationships with clinical outcomes in MS.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 214 people with MS (pwMS) and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled.

Seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus in cattle and buffaloes in the border provinces of the Eastern Anatolia region, Türkiye: insights into the eradication of infection.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, an oncogenic deltaretrovirus that has emerged as a potential zoonotic infection. The BLV naturally infects cattle and causes economic losses through a slow persistent infection with various clinical symtoms following preleukosis. The main objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of BLV antibodies in cattle and buffaloes in the border provinces of the Eastern Anatolia region, Türkiye, using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).