Advanced machine learning unveils CD8 + T cell genetic markers enhancing prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and poses a significant health burden, especially in China. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, patient variability and limited early detection contribute to poor outcomes. This study examines the role of CD8 + T cells in the tumor microenvironment to identify new biomarkers that improve prognosis and guide treatment strategies.

Molecular insights into programmed cell death in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly type of esophageal cancer. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important pathway of cellular self-extermination and is closely involved in cancer progression. A detailed study of its mechanism may contribute to ESCC treatment.

Anti-PD-L1 antibody TQB2450 combined with tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor AL2846 for immunotherapy-refractory advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective phase 1b cohort study.

Background: Effective systemic therapy remains limited for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly after prior failed treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Theoretically, a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with ICIs may restore immunotherapy sensitivity.

Methods: In this phase 1b study, patients received AL2846, an antiangiogenic TKI with multiple targets (c-MET, VEGFR1, c-KIT, Axl, RET, KDR, and VEGFR3), in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (TQB2450) until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, death, or discontinuation for any cause.

Identification of Molecular Subtypes Associated with PCD in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Analysis of Immune Microenvironment.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly fatal malignancy with increasing incidence, and programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in homeostasis.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the ESCC of heterogeneity based on the PCD signatures for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Methods: The clinical information and RNA-seq data of patients with ESCC and the PCD-related genes set were used to identify PCD signatures.

Alleviation of hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis with NMN via improving endoplasmic reticulum-Mitochondria miscommunication in the liver of HFD mice.

The interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria has been shown to play a key role in hepatic steatosis during chronic obesity. β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been reported to regulate obesity, however, its molecular mechanism at the subcellular level remains unclear. Here, NMN improved liver steatosis and insulin resistance in chronic high-fat diet (HFD) mice.

Cuproptosis Related Gene Associated with Poor Prognosis and Malignant Biological Characteristics in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Cuproptosis plays a crucial role in the biological function of cells. The subject of this work was to analyze the effects of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) on the prognosis and biological function in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods: In this study, RNA sequencing and clinical data of LUAD samples were screened from public databases and our institution.

Upper gastrointestinal tract microbiota with oral origin in relation to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Poor oral hygiene is linked to high risks of many systemic diseases, including cancers. Oral dysbiosis is closely associated with poor oral hygiene, causing tooth loss, gingivitis, and periodontitis. We provide a summary of studies and discuss the risk factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from a microbial perspective in this review.

Codelivery of CuS and DOX into Deep Tumors with Size and Charge-Switchable PAMAM Dendrimers for Chemo-photothermal Therapy.

Accurate targeting of therapeutic agents to specific tumor tissues, especially via deep tumor penetration, has been an effective strategy in cancer treatments. Here, we described a flexible nanoplatform, pH-responsive zwitterionic acylsulfonamide betaine-functionalized fourth-generation PAMAM dendrimers (G4-AB), which presented multiple advantages for chemo-photothermal therapy, including template synthesis of ultrasmall copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles and further encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX) (G4-AB-DOX/CuS), long-circulating performance by a relatively large size and zwitterionic surface in a physiological environment, combined size shrinkage, and charge conversions via pH-responsive behavior in an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Accordingly, high tumor penetration and positive cell uptake for CuS and DOX have been determined, which triggered an excellent combination treatment under near-infrared irradiation in comparison to the monochemotherapy system and irresponsive chemo-photothermal system.

Pyrotinib versus placebo in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel as first line treatment in patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (PHILA): randomised, double blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib (an irreversible pan-HER (human epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitor), trastuzumab, and docetaxel compared with placebo, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for untreated HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer.

Design: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial.

Setting: 40 centres in China between 6 May 2019 and 17 January 2022.

Selective activation of TGFβ signaling by -mediated upregulation of GARP aggravates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Aberrant TGFβ signaling plays critical roles in the progression of multiple cancers; however, the functional mechanism of this signaling network in the infectious milieu of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely unknown. In this study, by using global transcriptomic analysis, we found that infection increased TGFβ secretion and promoted the activation of TGFβ/Smad signaling in cultured cells and in clinical ESCC samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that enhanced the expression of Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), thereby activating TGFβ/Smad signaling.

The combined effect and mechanism of antiangiogenic drugs and PD-L1 inhibitor on cell apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis. Standard systemic treatment includes chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are considered in breast cancer (BRCA) susceptibility genes mutated tumors.

Bifunctional anti-PD-L1/TGF-βRII agent SHR-1701 in advanced solid tumors: a dose-escalation, dose-expansion, and clinical-expansion phase 1 trial.

Background: Dual inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 and TGF-β pathways is a rational therapeutic strategy for malignancies. SHR-1701 is a new bifunctional fusion protein composed of a monoclonal antibody against PD-L1 fused with the extracellular domain of TGF-β receptor II. This first-in-human trial aimed to assess SHR-1701 in pretreated advanced solid tumors and find the population who could benefit from SHR-1701.

Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis of 55 Patients With Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma.

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we present information on the clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes of this type of cancer. Clinicopathologic data from 55 patients treated at a single cancer center from January 2011 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Chidamide Reverses Fluzoparib Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) resistance is a new challenge for antitumor therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reversal effects of chidamide on fluzoparib resistance, a PARPi, and its mechanism of action. A fluzoparib-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line was constructed, and the effects of chidamide and fluzoparib on drug-resistant cells were studied and .

Stat4 rs7574865 polymorphism promotes the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via the Stat4/CYP2E1/FGL2 pathway.

Although there are many studies on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the incidence of diseases, mechanisms are rarely known. We report the mechanism by which signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (stat4) rs7574865 promotes the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that the GG genotype at stat4 rs7574865 was a risk genotype, and STAT4 levels in serum and peritumoral tissue from HCC patients with the GG genotype were significantly higher than those found in TT or TG carriers.

Bioinformatics analysis on enrichment analysis of potential hub genes in breast cancer.

Background: Despite recent advances in screening, treatment, and survival, breast cancer remains the most invasive cancer in women. The development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic markers for breast cancer may provide more information about its pathogenesis and progression.

Methods: We obtained GSE86374 micro-expression matrix chip data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database consisting of 159 samples (124 normal samples and 35 breast cancer samples).

The Synergistic Effects of SHR6390 Combined With Pyrotinib on HER2+/HR+ Breast Cancer.

HER2+/HR+ breast cancer is a special molecular type of breast cancer. Existing treatment methods are prone to resistance; "precision treatment" is necessary. Pyrotinib is a pan-her kinase inhibitor that can be used in HER2-positive tumors, while SHR6390 is a CDK4/6 inhibitor that can inhibit ER+ breast cancer cell cycle progression and cancer cell proliferation.

Association between early-onset affective disorders and hypothyroidism in a larger number of psychiatric drug-free patients.

Aims: We aimed to assess the association between early onset of affective disorders and hypothyroidism in a larger number of psychiatric drug-free patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: Early onset of affective disorders was defined as BD and MDD developed before the age of 22 years. The hypothyroidism hierarchy were diagnosed biochemically and included subclinical and overt hypothyroidism in this study.

Assessment of attractancy and safeness of (E)-coniferyl alcohol for management of female adults of Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).

Background: Bactrocera dorsalis is a devastating pest on fruits and vegetables because the adult female is the key factor that determines the population density of offspring and the degree of host damage. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of effective female attractants for behavioral control. Males of B.

MiR-16-5p suppresses breast cancer proliferation by targeting ANLN.

Background: In recent years, gene expression-based analysis has been used for disease biomarker discovery, providing ways for better diagnosis, leading to improvement of clinical treatment efficacy. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-16-5p and ANLN in breast cancer (BC).

Methods: Cohort datasets of BC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and analyzed by bioinformatics tools.

Using a machine learning approach to identify key prognostic molecules for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: A plethora of prognostic biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) that have hitherto been reported are challenged with low reproducibility due to high molecular heterogeneity of ESCC. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal biomarkers for ESCC using machine learning algorithms.

Methods: Biomarkers related to clinical survival, recurrence or therapeutic response of patients with ESCC were determined through literature database searching.

Assessment of 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol safety and attractiveness to mature males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).

Males of the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) are highly attracted to, and compulsively feed, on methyl eugenol (ME). ME is converted into 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and (E)-coniferyl alcohol (E-CF), which are temporarily sequestered in the fly's rectal gland prior to being released at dusk. Previous research initially confirmed that DMP is a relatively strong lure to B.

Comparison between slow and rapid freezing for adrenal gland cryopreservation and xenotransplantation.

The aim of our study was to examine whether slow or rapid cryopreservation of adrenal xenografts affected xenotransplant outcome. Adrenal xenografts were got from newborn piglets (<24 h after birth). Receptor rats were randomly divided into four groups: a bilateral adrenalectomy group, fresh xenotransplantation group, rapid cryopreservation xenotransplantation group, and a slow cryopreservation xenotransplantation group.