Breastfeeding in metabolic and bariatric patients: a comprehensive guide for surgeons, patients, and the multidisciplinary team.

Since nearly 40% of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) patients are individuals with the ability to bear children, many may seek to become pregnant or may be currently lactating when seeking surgery. While many patients plan to breastfeed, MBS patients are at high risk for premature cessation of breastfeeding. Limited literature exists on the impact of MBS on lactation and there are no established guidelines to help clinicians support and educate MBS patients about breastfeeding.

Optimal Strategy for Complete Revascularization in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease, most but not all randomized trials have reported that complete revascularization (CR) offers advantages over culprit vessel-only revascularization. In addition, the optimal timing and assessment methods for CR remain undetermined.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease, using a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presenting to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital (1993-2022).

Objective: To describe the prevalence, clinical findings, lesions, and risk factors associated with chlamydial infections in free-ranging raptors presented to a university veterinary medical teaching hospital.

Methods: Medical records retrospectively searched for raptors admitted from January 1993 through April 2022 were tested for Chlamydia spp infections using quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, culture, and sequencing. Findings were collected and analyzed.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Long-term health benefit and economic return of time in range (TIR) improvement in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Time in range (TIR) is an important metric to measure variability of blood glucose levels. The aim is to quantify the long-term health benefits and economic return associated with improved TIR for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Method: A Markov model with three states (T2D, T2D with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death) estimated 20-year medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained and CVD risk under four TIR scenarios: >85%, 71%-85%, 51%-70% and ≤50%.

Navigating Communication in Racially Concordant Care: Considerations for Medical Education.

Background And Objectives: Black/African American medical professionals and students engage in patient-centered communication in ways that are not yet described in medical education literature. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which Black/African American attending physicians, residents, and medical students enact patient-centered communication while interacting with their Black/African American patients.

Methods: Forty-one Black/African American attending physicians, residents, and medical students were recruited through a snowball sample of the authors' personal and professional networks.

Drop Vertical Jump Landing Mechanics Are Similar Between Patients With Quadriceps Tendon and Patellar Tendon Autografts After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanics of a drop vertical jump (DVJ) landing task and functional outcomes among patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with quadriceps tendon (QT) and patellar tendon (PT) autografts.

Methods: Physically active patients who underwent primary ACLR with either a QT or PT autograft were included in this study. All were within 6 months to 2 years after surgery and cleared for return to physical activity.

Measurable residual disease and posttransplantation gilteritinib maintenance for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated AML.

BMT CTN 1506 ("MORPHO"; NCT02997202) was a randomized phase 3 study of gilteritinib compared to placebo as maintenance therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with FLT3-ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key secondary endpoint was to determine the impact on survival of pre- and/or post-HCT measurable residual disease (MRD), as determined using a highly sensitive assay for FLT3-ITD mutations. Generally, gilteritinib maintenance therapy was associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS) for participants with detectable peri-HCT MRD, whereas no benefit was evident for those lacking detectable MRD.

Impact of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight/obesity.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception up to May 2024.

Evaluating the Diagnostic Efficacy of Using Pooled Samples for Chronic Wasting Disease Testing and Surveillance.

Disease monitoring informs the opportunities for intervention by natural resource agencies tasked with managing chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wild cervids. However, allocating funds toward testing can reduce those available for education, outreach, and disease reduction. Implementation of more efficient testing strategies can help meet both an expanding need by resource managers and a burgeoning demand from the hunting public in North America.

SMOX Inhibition Preserved Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, and Retinal Function and Reduced Neuro-Glial Injury in Mice During Prolonged Diabetes.

Diabetic retinopathy, a major cause of vision loss, is characterized by neurovascular changes in the retina. The lack of effective treatments to preserve vision in diabetic patients remains a significant challenge. A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated that 12-week treatment with MDL 72527, a pharmacological inhibitor of spermine oxidase (SMOX, a critical regulator of polyamine metabolism), reduced neurodegeneration in diabetic mice.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Bereavement in the 2019 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Poor Self-Rated Health (SRHp) is part of a four-item scale for self-assessment. SRH from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) is used to test hypotheses linking population-level well-being influenced by bereavement due to the death of a close friend or relative. By linking the prevalence rates of population-level well-being with exposure to bereavement, we extend our knowledge of this exposure beyond single-person studies.

Cannabis use before and after metabolic and bariatric surgery: literature review.

As accessibility and legalization of cannabis rise throughout the United States (US), programs have sought guidance about whether its use should be considered a contraindication or, if not a contraindication, what recommendations patients should receive regarding appropriate use before and after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). In this review, medical, nutritional, pharmacological, and psychological considerations are presented by a multidisciplinary group of members of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS). Research suggests several risks associated with long-term cannabis use in the general population, but research in the MBS population, specifically, is limited.

Mass spectrometric detection of keratins in tear fluid.

Purpose: Keratin contamination is a common problem in mass spectrometry proteomic analyses, particularly in bottom-up mass spectrometry. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein contaminants introduced during the proteomic analysis of tear fluid.

Methods: Human tear fluid samples were collected using Schirmer strips.

Validating the revised Attitudes Toward People With Disabilities Scale with health care professionals.

Objective: Disability stigma has been linked with adverse chronic and acute health outcomes in people with disabilities. The present study updated the widely used Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons measure (to the revised Attitudes Toward People With Disabilities [ATPD] scale) among health care professionals and validated the measure using a disability stigma framework.

Design: A survey with 272 health care professionals and students was conducted.

Obstruction from Deflux leading to significant kidney function loss and chemotherapeutic challenges in pediatric Ewing sarcoma.

This report presents the case of an 8-year-old female with a history of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) treated with Deflux injections, who developed Ewing sarcoma metastasized to the lungs. Despite the initial resolution of VUR following Deflux procedures, recurrent urinary tract infections prompted further evaluation revealing significant ureteral obstruction. Pre-chemotherapy workup included renal ultrasonography, nuclear medicine renal scan, and cystogram, identifying obstructive uropathy necessitating bilateral ureteral stent placement.

A Retrospective Chart Analysis Comparing Breast Cancer Detection Rates Between Annual Versus Biennial Mammograms.

Background: Per American Cancer Society, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related mortality in women in the United States. Different organizations vary in their recommendations regarding frequency of mammograms, with the United State Preventive Service Taskforce recommending biennial screening and other organizations like American College of Radiology promoting annual screening. The purpose of this study was to analyze institutional data to compare breast cancer detection rates among women undergoing annual vs.

Propensity Score Analysis of Possible Medication Effects on Outcomes in Patients With Systemic Right Ventricles.

Background: Patients with systemic right ventricle (SRV), either d-transposition of the great arteries following an atrial switch procedure or congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, develop severe right ventricular dysfunction, prompting appropriate medical therapy. However, the efficacy of beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in SRV patients is unproven.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ACEI/ARB and beta-blockers on outcomes in SRV patients after accounting for likely cofounders affecting their use.

Inter-city movement pattern of notifiable infectious diseases in China: a social network analysis.

Background: Co-existence of efficient transportation networks and geographic imbalance of medical resources greatly facilitated inter-city migration of patients of infectious diseases in China.

Methods: To characterize the migration patterns of major notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) during 2016-2020 in China, we collected migratory cases, who had illness onset in one city but were diagnosed and reported in another, from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System, and conducted a nationwide network analysis of migratory cases of major NIDs at the city (prefecture) level.

Findings: In total, 2,674,892 migratory cases of NIDs were reported in China during 2016-2020.

Brief Report: Precision Language and Deletion of the "S" Word.

Introduction: In 2021, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) published the IASLC Language Guide as guidance on preferred language and phrasing in oral and written communications, including presentations at conferences. This study analyzed presentations from the 2022 IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) one year after implementation of the Language Guide to identify adoption rates of non-stigmatizing language and to determine correlations with presenter characteristics.

Methods: We downloaded 522 slide presentations from the IASLC WCLC 2022 conference attendee portal.

Unveiling the influences of prenatal and maternal factors on the journey of an autistic child.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder with a high and increasing global prevalence. Although the precise causes are unknown, both genetic and environmental factors, including maternal ones during pregnancy, significantly influence its development. Therefore, this study endeavors to explore the potential causes of autism, including maternal and paternal prenatal risk factors, as well as antenatal and natal maternal risk factors, and their associations with the severity of ASD in mothers of children with ASD, from February to May 2024.

Beyond continuous positive airway pressure for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

An accumulating body of evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between sleep and cardiovascular (CV) health. A high level of evidence has linked obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accordingly, clinical sleep medicine emphasizes the diagnosis and treatment of OSA in the context of promoting CV health.

Comparative Analysis of Injury and Illness Rates Among Team USA Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Background: Previous research has reported higher rates of both injury and illness among Paralympic athletes compared with Olympic athletes during the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, but no studies have directly compared injury and illness incidence between Olympic and Paralympic athletes competing in a Summer Games.

Purpose: To compare injury and illness rates between Olympic and Paralympic Team USA athletes competing in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Evidence-Based Medicine in Otolaryngology Part 17: A Qualitative Research Primer.

As qualitative data analysis becomes more frequently applied within the fields of medicine and surgery, it is beneficial to expand our knowledge of the utility, methodology, and interpretation of these techniques. While qualitative research serves a distinct purpose and differs from quantitative research, both can be approached with diligence, with careful techniques that are similarly maintained and respected. In advance of this installment in the Evidence-Based Medicine in Otolaryngology series, we presented a comparison between qualitative and quantitative methods.