The Association of Polish Surgeons (APS) clinical guidelines for the use of laparoscopy in the management of abdominal emergencies. Part II.

Introduction: Over the past three decades, almost every type of abdominal surgery has been performed and refined using the laparoscopic technique. Surgeons are applying it for more procedures, which not so long ago were performed only in the classical way. The position of laparoscopic surgery is therefore well established, and in many operations it is currently the recommended and dominant method.

The Association of Polish Surgeons (APS) clinical guidelines for the use of laparoscopy in the management of abdominal emergencies. Part I.

Introduction: Over the past three decades, almost every type of abdominal surgery has been performed and refined using the laparoscopic technique. Surgeons are applying it for more procedures, which not so long ago were performed only in the classical way. The position of laparoscopic surgery is therefore well established, and in many operations it is currently the recommended and dominant method.

Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy--the role of measuring maternal TSH receptor antibodies and foetal ultrasound monitoring.

Introduction: To evaluate the usefulness of measuring maternal anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) and foetal ultrasound (US) monitoring in cases of current or past maternal hyperthyroidism.

Material And Methods: 77 pregnant women suffering from hyperthyroidism or with a history of Graves' hyperthyroidism were observed prospectively. Maternal serum TSH, fT4, fT3, TRAbs, and foetal US were performed at baseline and repeated every 2-4 weeks when needed.