6,398 results match your criteria: "Medical Center at Dallas[Affiliation]"

Chemotherapeutics have the potential to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies by stimulating the production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and eliciting mutations that result in the production of neoantigens, thereby increasing the immunogenicity of cancerous lesions. However, the dose-limiting toxicity and limited immunogenicity of chemotherapeutics are not sufficient to induce a robust antitumor response. We hypothesized that cancer cells treated with ultrahigh doses of various chemotherapeutics artificially increased the abundance, variety, and specificity of DAMPs and neoantigens, thereby improving chemoimmunotherapy.

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Background: Chronic pain represents a substantial health burden and source of disability following traumatic injury. This study investigates factors associated with racial and ethnic disparities in chronic pain.

Methods: Prospective, longitudinal, panel study.

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Comparative Effectiveness of Coronary CT Angiography and Standard of Care for Evaluating Acute Chest Pain: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging

August 2023

From the Department of Radiology, Cardiothoracic Division (M.F.B., A.C., S.A., F.U.K.), Department of Radiology (Y.X.), and Department of Emergency Medicine (D.B.D.), UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390; and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (H.L.).

Purpose: To perform a living systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and standard of care (SOC) in the evaluation of acute chest pain (ACP).

Materials And Methods: Multiple electronic databases were systematically searched, with the most recent search conducted on October 31, 2022. Studies were stratified into two groups according to the pretest probability for acute coronary syndrome (group 1 with predominantly low-to-intermediate risk vs group 2 with high risk).

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Background: Current guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy include the use of a dual-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with either an integrase strand transfer inhibitor or a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, although there is no designation of which is the preferred option.

Objective: This study aimed to compare viral suppression at delivery among patients on dual-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors combined with either an integrase strand transfer inhibitor or a protease inhibitor. A hypothesis was made that the incidence of viral suppression is higher with the use of a dual-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone combined with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor than with the use of a dual-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone combined with a protease inhibitor.

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We assessed operatively treated closed distal radial fractures to identify independent risk factors for surgical site infection after treatment. A retrospective review was carried out of 531 operatively treated closed distal radial fractures over a 5-year period. Multiple logistic regression was performed with infection as the dependent variable, using a stepwise regression procedure to select variables to construct the final model.

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Phase III Trial of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Compared With Cisplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Optimally Resected Stage III Ovarian Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

J Clin Oncol

September 2023

From Medical Science Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Gynecologic Oncology Group Statistical and Data Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo; Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Gynecologic Oncology and Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (affiliate of University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX).

In randomized trials the combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel was superior to cisplatin and cyclophosphamide in advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Although in nonrandomized trials, carboplatin and paclitaxel was a less toxic and highly active combination regimen, there remained concern regarding its efficacy in patients with small-volume, resected, stage III disease. Thus, we conducted a noninferiority trial of cisplatin and paclitaxel versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in this population.

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The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is a 223-amino-acid-long transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. The S1R plays an important role in neuronal health and it is an established therapeutic target for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance in physiology and disease, the biological function of S1R is poorly understood.

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Imposter syndrome is a psychological phenomenon where people doubt their achievements and have a persistent internalized fear of being exposed as a fraud, even when there is little evidence to support these thought processes. It typically occurs among high performers who are unable to internalize and accept their success. This phenomenon is not recognized as an official mental health diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; however, mental health professionals recognize it as a form of intellectual self-doubt.

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Exhaled CO monitoring to guide non-invasive ventilation at birth: a systematic review.

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed

December 2023

Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway

Objective: Measuring exhaled carbon dioxide (ECO) during non-invasive ventilation at birth may provide information about lung aeration. However, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) only recommends ECO detection for confirming endotracheal tube placement. ILCOR has therefore prioritised a research question that needs to be urgently evaluated: 'In newborn infants receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation by any non-invasive interface at birth, does the use of an ECO monitor in addition to clinical assessment, pulse oximetry and/or ECG, compared with clinical assessment, pulse oximetry and/or ECG only, decrease endotracheal intubation in the delivery room, improve response to resuscitation, improve survival or reduce morbidity?'.

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Morbid obesity, as characterized by BMI, is often utilized as an exclusion criterion for VV-ECMO because of presumed poor prognosis and technically complex cannulation. However, the "obesity paradox" suggests obesity may be protective during critical illness, and BMI does not capture variations in body type, adiposity, or fluid balance. This study examines relationships between BMI and patient outcomes.

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Purpose: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is a newly established standard treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma. Current methods to communicate magnitudes of regression during TNT are subjective and imprecise. Magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (MR-TRG) is an existing, but rarely used, regression grading system.

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Excitatory neuron-specific suppression of the integrated stress response contributes to autism-related phenotypes in fragile X syndrome.

Neuron

October 2023

Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. Electronic address:

Dysregulation of protein synthesis is one of the key mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the role of a major pathway controlling protein synthesis, the integrated stress response (ISR), in ASD remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the main arm of the ISR, eIF2α phosphorylation (p-eIF2α), is suppressed in excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurons in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FXS; Fmr1).

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. AD does not have a cure and most drug development efforts in the AD field have been focused on targeting the amyloid pathway based on the "amyloid cascade hypothesis". However, in addition to the amyloid pathway, substantial evidence also points to dysregulated neuronal calcium (Ca) signaling as one of the key pathogenic events in AD, and it has been proposed that pharmacological agents that stabilize neuronal Ca signaling may act as disease-modifying agents in AD.

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Multimodal recurrence scoring system for prediction of clear cell renal cell carcinoma outcome: a discovery and validation study.

Lancet Digit Health

August 2023

Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • A novel assay was developed to predict recurrence in patients with localised renal cell carcinoma after surgery, integrating clinical, genomic, and histopathological data.
  • A deep learning-based histopathological score was combined with scores from genetic and clinical factors to create a more accurate multimodal recurrence score.
  • This new score showed significantly better predictive accuracy for recurrence-free intervals (RFI) compared to traditional methods, especially identifying high-risk patients, demonstrating its potential for improving patient management post-surgery.
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Dendritic spines form most excitatory synaptic inputs in neurons and these spines are altered in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Reliable methods to assess and quantify dendritic spines morphology are needed, but most existing methods are subjective and labor intensive. To solve this problem, we developed an open-source software that allows segmentation of dendritic spines from 3D images, extraction of their key morphological features, and their classification and clustering.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the current AD therapeutic developments are directed towards improving neuronal cell function or facilitating Aβ amyloid clearance from the brain. However, some recent evidence suggests that astrocytes may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD.

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Therapy resistance to second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, such as enzalutamide, is common in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). To understand the metabolic alterations involved in enzalutamide resistance, we performed metabolomic, transcriptomic, and cistromic analyses of enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant PCa cells, xenografts, patient-derived organoids, patient-derived explants, and tumors. We noted dramatically higher basal and inducible levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in enzalutamide-resistant PCa and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), in comparison to enzalutamide-sensitive PCa cells or primary therapy-naive tumors respectively.

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Many biological studies require high-resolution imaging and subsequent analysis of cell organelles and molecules. Some membrane proteins form tight clusters, and this process is directly linked to their function. In most studies, these small protein clusters have been investigated by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, which enables imaging with high spatial resolution within 100 nm of the membrane surface.

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Objective: To discover if first-attempt failure of the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery (ABCRS) board examination is associated with surgical training or personal demographic characteristics.

Methods: Current colon and rectal surgery program directors in the United States were contacted via email. Deidentified records of trainees from 2011 to 2019 were requested.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, gastric, duodenal and distal small bowel, biliary tract, pancreatic, colon, rectal, and anal cancer, comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies that impose a significant global burden. Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape for several GI cancers, offering some patients durable responses and prolonged survival. Specifically, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) directed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), either as monotherapies or in combination regimens, have gained tissue site-specific regulatory approvals for the treatment of metastatic disease and in the resectable setting.

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Background: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to undergo functional and structural changes in response to diverse challenges. Converging evidence supports the notion that exercise serves as a metabolic challenge, triggering the release of multiple factors both in the periphery and within the brain. These factors actively contribute to plasticity in the brain, and in turn, regulate energy and glucose metabolism.

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Background: Hepatic lipid disorder impaired mitochondrial homeostasis and intracellular redox balance, triggering development of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while effective therapeutic approach remains inadequate. Ginsenosides Rc has been reported to maintain glucose balance in adipose tissue, while its role in regulating lipid metabolism remain vacant. Thus, we investigated the function and mechanism of ginsenosides Rc in defending high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD.

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Malignant nephrosclerosis is a thrombotic microangiopathy associated with abnormal local activation of the complement alternative pathway (AP). However, the mechanism underlying local AP activation is not fully understood. We hypothesized that complement factor D (CFD) secreted by endothelial cells triggers vascular dysfunction in malignant nephrosclerosis via local complement activation.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) describes a clinical syndrome of rapid hepatocyte injury leading to liver failure manifested by coagulopathy and encephalopathy in the absence of pre-existing cirrhosis. The hallmark diagnostic features are a prolonged prothrombin time (ie, an international normalized ratio of prothrombin time of ≥1.5) and any degree of mental status alteration (HE).

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