The challenges of evidence-based prehabilitation in a real-life context for patients preparing for colorectal surgery-a cohort study and multiple case analysis.

Background: Multimodal prehabilitation programs are effective at reducing complications after colorectal surgery in patients with a high risk of postoperative complications due to low aerobic capacity and/or malnutrition. However, high implementation fidelity is needed to achieve these effects in real-life practice. This study aimed to investigate the implementation fidelity of an evidence-based prehabilitation program in the real-life context of a Dutch regional hospital.

Dual RNA sequencing of a co-culture model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and human 2D upper airway organoids.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that is notorious for airway infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) coordinates virulence factor expression and biofilm formation at population level. Better understanding of QS in the bacterium-host interaction is required.

The effect of a general practitioner's perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: secondary analysis of a point prevalence audit survey in 18 European countries.

Background: Illness severity, comorbidity, fever, age and symptom duration influence antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTI). Non-medical determinants, such as patient expectations, also impact prescribing.

Aim: To quantify the effect of general practitioners' (GPs') perception of a patient request for antibiotics on antibiotic prescribing for RTI and investigate effect modification by medical determinants and country.

Regulatory workshop on standardisation of clinical procedures, endpoints and data robustness of human challenge studies - A stakeholder meeting report.

Inno4Vac, a public-private partnership funded by the IMI2/EU/EFPIA Joint Undertaking (IMI2 JU), brings together academic institutions, SMEs, and pharmaceutical companies to accelerate and de-risk vaccine development. The project has made significant strides in the selection and production of challenge agents for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and toxigenic Clostridioides difficile for controlled human infection model studies (CHIMs). A regulatory workshop held on March 20, 2024, addressed the standardisation of clinical procedures, ethical considerations, endpoints, and data integrity, highlighting the ongoing initiatives related to these CHIMs.

Prognostic value of manual versus automatic methods for assessing extents of resection and residual tumor volume in glioblastoma.

Objective: The extent of resection (EOR) and postoperative residual tumor (RT) volume are prognostic factors in glioblastoma. Calculations of EOR and RT rely on accurate tumor segmentations. Raidionics is an open-access software that enables automatic segmentation of preoperative and early postoperative glioblastoma using pretrained deep learning models.

Disease characteristics and outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia in germline deficiency (Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy).

Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy (FPDMM, FPD/AML, -FPD), caused by monoallelic deleterious germline variants, is characterized by bleeding diathesis and predisposition for hematologic malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical data on FPDMM-associated AML (FPDMM-AML) are limited, complicating evidence-based clinical decision-making. Here, we present retrospective genetic and clinical data of the largest cohort of FPDMM patients reported to date.

BrainFit: improving executive and subjective cognitive functioning in late-life mood disorders - a double-blind randomized active-controlled study evaluating the effect of online cognitive training.

Introduction: Unipolar and bipolar mood disorders in older adults are accompanied by cognitive impairment, including executive dysfunction, with a severe impact on daily life. Up and till now, strategies to improve cognitive functioning in late-life mood disorders (LLMD) are sparse. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy of adaptive, computerized cognitive training (CT) on executive and subjective cognitive functioning in LLMD.

Psychometrics of Wearable Devices Measuring Physical Activity in Ambulant Children With Gait Abnormalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate psychometrics of wearable devices measuring physical activity (PA) in ambulant children with gait abnormalities due to neuromuscular conditions.

Data Sources: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus in March 2023.

Study Selection: We included studies if (1) participants were ambulatory children (2-19y) with gait abnormalities, (2) reliability and validity were analyzed, and (3) peer-reviewed studies in the English language and full-text were available.

Conversion Therapy for Stage IV Gastric Cancer: Report From the Expert Consensus Meeting at KINGCA WEEK 2024.

Conversion therapy is a treatment strategy that shifts from palliative systemic therapy to curative surgical treatment for primary and/or metastatic stage IV gastric cancer (GC). To address its clinical statements, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association aims to present a consensus on conversion therapy among experts attending KINGCA WEEK 2024. The KINGCA Scientific Committee and Development Working Group for Korean Practice Guidelines prepared preformulated topics and 9 clinical statements for conversion therapy.

Physicians' required competencies in AI-assisted clinical settings: a systematic review.

Background: Utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in clinical settings may offer significant benefits. A roadblock to the responsible implementation of medical AI is the remaining uncertainty regarding requirements for AI users at the bedside. An overview of the academic literature on human requirements for the adequate use of AI in clinical settings is therefore of significant value.

Speech Perception in Noise After Cochlear Implantation for Single-Sided Deafness: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: There is a lack of high level of evidence studies comparing the effect of different treatment options for single-sided deafness (SSD).

Objective: To determine the effect of a cochlear implant (CI), bone conduction device (BCD), contralateral routing of signals hearing aid (CROS), and no treatment on speech perception in noise outcomes in patients with SSD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this single-center randomized clinical trial, adult patients with SSD were randomized into 3 groups: CI; a trial period with first a BCD on a headband and then a CROS; or a trial period with first a CROS and then a BCD on a headband.

Development and external validation of the SMASHERS risk prediction model for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in the general population: a population-based prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (ASAH) is a severe stroke type, preventable by screening for intracranial aneurysms followed by treatment in high-risk individuals. We aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for ASAH in the general population to identify high-risk individuals.

Design: We used the population-based prospective cohort studies of the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank for model development and the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study for model validation.

Gut microbial dysbiosis, IgA, and Enterococcus in common variable immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation.

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Significant morbidity and mortality are caused by immune dysregulation complications (CVIDid), which affect around one-third of CVID patients and have a poorly understood etiology. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the inflammation underlying CVIDid.

Longitudinal cardiac imaging for assessment of myocardial injury in non-hospitalised community-dwelling individuals after COVID-19 infection: the Rotterdam Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of myocardial injury after COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the relation between persistent cardiac symptoms after COVID-19 and myocardial function in participants with known cardiovascular health status before infection.

Methods: In the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study cohort, echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) were performed among participants who recovered from COVID-19 at home within 2 years prior to inclusion in the current study. Persistent cardiac symptoms comprised only self-reported symptoms of chest pain, dyspnoea or palpitations lasting >4 weeks after COVID-19 infection.

Red blood cell transfusions in neonatal intensive care units: a nationwide observational cohort study.

Objective: To describe the use and nationwide variation of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) following the introduction of the revised national transfusion guideline in 2019.

Design And Patients: We randomly selected neonates born below 32 weeks' gestation admitted to any NICU in the Netherlands in 2020 to include in our retrospective observational cohort study.

Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were the number of neonates receiving at least one transfusion, and the number of transfusions per transfused neonate.

PEGylated Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Plerixafor Enhance Autologous Stem and Progenitor Cell Mobilization and Transplantation in Pediatric Patients.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to restore bone marrow function after high-dose chemotherapy. For apheresis, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is standard of care, but obtaining sufficient stem cells can be challenging. Other mobilization agents include plerixafor and PEGylated G-CSF (PEG-G-CSF).

Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Association between dietary factors and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied extensively. However, identification of deleterious dietary patterns merits further study.

Aim: To investigate the risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to the inflammatory score of the diet (ISD) in the multinational European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

The feasibility of endoscopic stapes surgery: A three-dimensional planning method.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a semi-automatic algorithm in assessing the feasibility and complexity of endoscopic stapes surgery preoperatively.

Methods: A semi-automatic algorithm was developed to simulate endoscopic stapes surgery in 3D. To test the accuracy of the algorithm, five fresh-frozen cadaveric heads (ten ears) were used.

Non-Stationarity in Time-Series Analysis: Modeling Stochastic and Deterministic Trends.

Time series analysis is increasingly popular across scientific domains. A key concept in time series analysis is stationarity, the stability of statistical properties of a time series. Understanding stationarity is crucial to addressing frequent issues in time series analysis such as the consequences of failing to model non-stationarity, how to determine the mechanisms generating non-stationarity, and consequently how to model those mechanisms (i.

Surgical Bailout in Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Incidence, Trends, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) harbors the risk of periprocedural complications that require emergent cardiac surgery, or "surgical bailout." Surgical bailout intends to be lifesaving but is associated with high mortality. This has given rise to discussion on the necessity of surgical backup during TAVR.

The course of physical fitness and nutritional status in patients following prehabilitation before esophageal cancer surgery: Results from the PRIOR study.

Introduction: This study evaluates the course of physical fitness and nutritional status during curative therapy for esophageal cancer, after implementation of a prehabilitation program. Additionally, the impact of baseline physical fitness level and severe postoperative complications on the course of individual patients were explored.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter, observational cohort study included patients with esophageal cancer following curative treatment.

Long-term survival of participants in the PASART-1 and PASART-2 trials of neo-adjuvant pazopanib and radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma.

Objective: This study aims to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of adding pazopanib to neo-adjuvant radiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with high-risk non-metastatic soft tissue sarcoma of the trunk and extremities treated in the PASART-1 and PASART-2 trials, as well as to compare the PASART cohorts to a control cohort receiving standard treatment during the same time period from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (IKNL) to investigate if adding pazopanib improves Overall Survival (OS).

Methods: Updated follow-up data on disease control, survival and long-term toxicities of the PASART-trials were extracted from electronic patient records. The effect of adding pazopanib to neo-adjuvant radiotherapy on OS was investigated by comparing the combined PASART cohorts to the IKNL cohort via direct comparison and exact matching analysis.

Deep Learning and Multidisciplinary Imaging in Pediatric Surgical Oncology: A Scoping Review.

Background: Medical images play an important role in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric solid tumors. The field of radiology, pathology, and other image-based diagnostics are getting increasingly important and advanced. This indicates a need for advanced image processing technology such as Deep Learning (DL).

Altered circadian rhythmicity of the QT interval predicts mortality in a large real-world academic hospital population.

Objective And Rationale: Small studies have shown that the QT interval follows a circadian rhythm. This finding has never been confirmed in a large real-world hospital population and the clinical meaning of disrupted rhythmicity remains unknown.

Methods: In this cohort study, all consecutive adult patients with at least one 12-lead ECG acquired between 1991 and 2021 were considered.

Three-dimensional assessment of ascending aortic stiffness, motion, and growth in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Aims: Aortic wall stiffening in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (aTAA) is common. However, the spatial and temporal relationships between stiffness, aortic size, and growth in aTAA remain unclear.

Methods And Results: In this single-centre retrospective study, we utilized vascular deformation mapping to extract multi-directional aortic motion, aortic distensibility, and aortic growth in a multi-planar fashion from multi-phasic ECG-gated computed tomography angiograms.