A Novel Controlled Release Implant of Insulin Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Polymer Prepared by Extrusion.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a biodegradable implant with a slow release of insulin to minimize the amount of repeated drug injections in patients.Developing and designing implants with controlled release of active protein has always been a challenge. To optimize and control the release of insulin in this project, the drug complexing mechanism was used by dextran sulfate sodium (DS) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) polymer.

Preparation, Characterization and In vitro Evaluation of Insulin-PHBV Nanoparticles/Alginate Hydrogel Composite System for Prolonged Delivery of Insulin.

Purpose: In the present study, biodegradable poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles (NPs) containing insulin were loaded in sodium alginate/jeffamine (ALG/jeff) hydrogel for prolonged delivery of insulin. The main aim of this work was to fabricate an efficient insulin delivery system to improve patient adherence by decreasing the repetition of injections.

Methods: Swelling and morphological properties and crosslinking efficiency of ALG/jeff hydrogel were assessed.

MOFs as Versatile Catalysts: Synthesis Strategies and Applications in Value-Added Compound Production.

Catalysts played a crucial role in advancing modern human civilization, from ancient times to the industrial revolution. Due to high cost and limited availability of traditional catalysts, there is a need to develop cost-effective, high-activity, and nonprecious metal-based electrocatalysts. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as an ideal candidate for heterogeneous catalysis due to their physicochemical properties, hybrid inorganic/organic structures, uncoordinated metal sites, and accessible organic sections.

Ru(II)--Cymene Complexes of Furoylthiourea Ligands for Anticancer Applications against Breast Cancer Cells.

Half-sandwich Ru(II) complexes containing nitro-substituted furoylthiourea ligands, bearing the general formula [(--cymene)RuCl(L)] (-) and [(--cymene)RuCl(L)(PPh)] (-), have been synthesized and characterized. In contrast to the spectroscopic data which revealed monodentate coordination of the ligands to the Ru(II) ion a "S" atom, single crystal X-ray structures revealed an unusual bidentate N, S coordination with the metal center forming a four-membered ring. Interaction studies by absorption, emission, and viscosity measurements revealed intercalation of the Ru(II) complexes with calf thymus (CT) DNA.

A review of recent developments of metal-organic frameworks as combined biomedical platforms over the past decade.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), also called porous coordination polymers, represent a class of crystalline porous materials made up of organic ligands and metal ions/metal clusters. Herein, an overview of the preparation of different metal-organic frameworks and the recent advances in MOF-based stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) with the drug release mechanisms including pH-, temperature-, ion-, magnetic-, pressure-, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)-, HS-, redox-, responsive, and photoresponsive MOF were rarely introduced. The combination therapy containing of two or more treatments can be enhanced treatment effectiveness through overcoming limitations of monotherapy.

Fabrication and characterization of Persian gum-based hydrogel loaded with gentamicin-loaded natural zeolite: An in vitro and in silico study.

The main purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize Persian gum-based hydrogel composited with gentamicin (Gen)-loaded natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) and to evaluate its biological properties. Clinoptilolite (CLN) was decorated with Gen, and the conjugation was confirmed using computational and experimental assessments. The Monte Carlo adsorption locator module was used to reveal the physicochemical nature of the adsorption processes of Gen on CLN and ALG and gum on Gen@ CLN in Materials Studio 2017 software.

Fabrication and examination of polyorganophosphazene/polycaprolactone-based scaffold with degradation, in vitro and in vivo behaviors suitable for tissue engineering applications.

The present study aimed to synthesis a proper scaffold consisting of hydroxylated polyphosphazene and polycaprolactone (PCL), focusing on its potential use in tissue engineering applications. The first grafting of PCL to poly(propylene glycol)phosphazene (PPGP) was performed via ROP of ε-caprolactone, whereas PPGP act as a multisite macroinitiator. The prepared poly(propylene glycol phosphazene)-graft-polycaprolactone (PPGP-g-PCL) were evaluated by essential tests, including NMR, FTIR, FESEM-EDS, TGA, DSC and contact angle measurement.

Anti-cancer Activity of New Phosphoramide-functionalized Graphene Oxides: An Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation.

Background: Graphene oxide (GO)-based systems are among the drug delivery systems and have drawn a lot of interest in the field of medicine.

Methods: In this work, two novel phosphoramides with the formulas of (NHCHCHC(CH)NHC(CH)CHP(S)(OEt) (L1) and (NHCHCHC(CH) NHC (CH)CHP (O) (NHCH) (OCH) (L2) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Then, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by L1 and L2.

Experimental and theoretical studies of new Co(III) complexes of hydrazide derivatives proposed as multi-target inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2.

Cobalt(III) complexes with Schiff base ligands derived from hydrazone, (  = ()-'-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide,  = ()-'-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene), and  = ()-4-hydroxy-'-(2-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the single crystal structure of the complex (). Co(III) was formed in a distorted, very regular octahedral coordination in this complex; three pyridine moieties complete this geometry.

Photodynamic therapy-mediated extirpation of cutaneous-resistant dermatophytosis with Ag@ZnO nanoparticles: an efficient therapeutic approach for onychomycosis.

The aim of this study was to determine whether photodynamic therapy of resistant onychomycosis with Ag@ZnO nanoparticles can promote the treatment procedure and extirpates the recurrence of fungal infection. Ag@ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) under UVB-radiation were applied to treat and through photodynamic therapy. therapeutic efficacy, biocompatibility and biodistribution of Ag@ZnO NPs were studied.

Investigation of Cu metal nanoparticles with different morphologies to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike glycoprotein using Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation.

Nowadays, considering the spread of the coronavirus as a global threat, scientific research on this virus through simulation has been increasing. In this study, effect of Cu nanocluster on prevention and control of disease transmission was examined using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies on the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike glycoprotein. The cytotoxicity of different shapes of copper NPs and resonance changes of their surface plasmons on inactivation of the coronavirus was examined in order to control replication of coronavirus through copper NPs, active site of protease and spike glycoprotein.

A Novel Approach for Development of Intraocular Biodegradable Ranibizumab Implant: A Solution for Stability of Protein Activity.

Ranibizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment, targeting all isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a protein involved in angiogenesis. It is used to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and diabetic macular edema (DME), which are associated with blindness worldwide. However, proper treatment can decrease the loss of vision in about 90% of patients.

Design and synthesis of heterocyclic azole based bioactive compounds: Molecular structures, quantum simulation, and mechanistic studies through docking as multi-target inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 and cytotoxicity.

Two heterocyclic azole compounds, 3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one () and 5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione () were obtained unexpectedly from 2-aminothiophenol and 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde (for ), and ()-2-((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-N-methylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide in the presence of anhydrous FeCl (for ), respectively. The compounds were well characterized by analytical and spectroscopic tools. The molecular structures of both the compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) study.

Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity studies, theoretical approach of adsorptive removal and molecular calculations of four new phosphoramide derivatives and related graphene oxide.

In this study, four novel phosphoramide ligands (L1-L4) are synthesized and characterized by PNMR, HNMR, MASS, and FT-IR spectroscopies. In vitro cell growth inhibition is studied by the MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ligands against MCF-7 cell line; the result of the assay demonstrates that all ligands significantly suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The calculated IC values are in the range of 3.

Biological evaluation, proposed molecular mechanism through docking and molecular dynamic simulation of derivatives of chitosan.

We synthesized Schiff base and its complexes derivatives of chitosan (CS) in order to develop antibiotic compounds based on functionalized-chitosan against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. IR, UV-Vis, AFM, SEM, Melting point, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, and H NMR techniques were employed to characterize the chemical structures and properties of these compounds. XRD, UV-Vis, and H NMR techniques confirmed the formation of Schiff base and its functionalized-chitosan to metals.

Temperature-Responsive Methylcellulose-Hyaluronic Hydrogel as a 3D Cell Culture Matrix.

This study investigated the application of a temperature-responsive methylcellulose-hyaluronic acid (MC-HA) hydrogel to support 3D cell growth . Initial work focused on the preparation of hydrogels for 3D culture, followed by investigations of the biological compatibility of hydrogel components and optimization of the cell culture environment. Evaluation of viability and proliferation of HCT116 cells cultured in the MC-HA hydrogel was used to adjust the blend composition to design a hydrogel with optimal properties to support cell growth.

Improving the biological activity of fingolimod loaded PHBV nanoparticles by using hydrophobically modified alginate.

Uncontrolled distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) within the body can significantly decrease the efficiency of drug therapy and is considered among the main restrictions of NPs application. The aim of this study was to develop a depot combination delivery system (CDS) containing fingolimod loaded poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) NPs dispersed into a matrix of oleic acid-grafted-aminated alginate (OA-g-AAlg) to minimize the nonspecific biodistribution (BD) of PHBV NPs. OA-g-AAlg was synthesized in two step; First, Alg was aminated by using adipic dihydrazide (ADH).

PHBV/PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of 5-fluorouracil as promising treatment of colon cancer.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used agents in the first-line chemotherapy for colon cancer. However, clinical use of 5-FU is limited because of the low efficacy of drug uptake and systemic toxic effects. Therefore, there is a critical need to find better drug delivery systems in order to improve the efficacy of the drug.

New folate receptor targeted nano liposomes for delivery of 5-fluorouracil to cancer cells: Strong implication for enhanced potency and safety.

We previously showed that folate liposomes of 5FU made from Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) induced cell death in HT-29 and HeLa cells more potently than bulk 5FU. Also, a primary 5FU liposomal formulation with phosphatidyl choline (PC) exhibited higher cytotoxicity in murine colon cancer cells. In the present study, optimization of 5FU PC liposome, mechanism of cell death induction in human cancer cell lines and its safety along with other assays have been employed for targeted PC liposomes of 5FU.

A mechanistic study of the effect of transferrin conjugation on cytotoxicity of targeted liposomes.

This study was performed to prepare 5-fluorouracil (5FU) containing targeted liposomes for the safety and efficacy enhancement. Liposomes were prepared using thin layer method and transferrin (Tf) was employed as the targeting ligand. Morphology of 5FU-loaded liposomes was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

A novel 5-Fluorouracil targeted delivery to colon cancer using folic acid conjugated liposomes.

The aim of this study was to develop and characterize 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) containing targeted liposomes in order to enhance the efficacy and safety of the drug. Folic acid (FA) was used as a targeting ligand. The in vitro cytotoxicity of formulation against HT-29, Caco-2, CT26, HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay.

Co-delivery of 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in novel poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for colon cancer therapy.

In the present study, a novel 5FU and OXA co-loaded PHBV/PLGA NPs was developed which induced apoptosis in cancer cells. NPs were prepared by the double emulsion method and their preparation was optimized using D-optimal design of response surface methodology (RSM). 5FU-OXA loaded NPs were evaluated by SEM, DSC and DLS.

Fabrication of long-acting insulin formulation based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles: preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation.

The purpose of this research was the fabrication, statistical optimization, and in vitro characterization of insulin-loaded poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles (INS-PHBV-NPs). Nanopar-ticles were successfully developed by double emulsification solvent evaporation method. The NPs were characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE%), and polydispersity index (PDI).

Transferrin targeted liposomal 5-fluorouracil induced apoptosis via mitochondria signaling pathway in cancer cells.

The purpose of this study was to prepare transferrin (Tf) targeted liposomal 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) to improve the safety and efficacy of the drug. Liposomes were prepared using thin layer method. Morphology of liposomes was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their particle size was also determined.

Folic acid-modified liposomal drug delivery strategy for tumor targeting of 5-fluorouracil.

The aim of this study was to develop a liposomal formulation to selectively target cancer cells. Liposomes were prepared using thin layer method and folic acid (FA) was applied for targeted delivery of 5FU to cancer cells. Liposomes prepared were characterized for encapsulation efficiency (EE%), morphology and their particle size.