Current trends in the medial side of the knee: not only medial collateral ligament (MCL).

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is by far the most commonly injured ligament of the knee. The medial ligament complex covers a broad bony surface on the extraarticular portion of the femur and is highly vascularized, which allows for a high healing potential. For this reason, most MCL complex lesions were treated conservatively in the past.

Lack of association between revision ACL reconstruction and preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative factors at primary ACL reconstruction in children and adolescents.

Purpose: To evaluate factors associated with revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) within 5 years of primary ACLR in children and adolescents.

Methods: Children and adolescents (age <20 years at surgery) who underwent primary hamstring tendon ACLR at the Capio Artro Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden, between January 2005 and December 2018 were identified. Revision ACLR within 5 years of primary ACLR was captured in the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry.

A novel minimally invasive nonanatomical single-bundle medial collateral ligament reconstruction technique with a short isometric construct Achilles tendon allograft: A surgical description with clinical and radiological outcomes in multiligament knee injury patients.

Purpose: Multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) involve various ligaments in the knee. Current double-bundle anatomical reconstructions of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) increase the level of technical complexity, often resulting in the establishment of numerous bone tunnels and different fixation points with additional hardware. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a novel minimally invasive nonanatomical MCL reconstruction with one tibial tunnel in the metaphysis using Achilles allograft in the MLKI setting.

The pathoanatomy of medial ligamentous disruption in the dislocated and multiple ligament injured knee.

Purpose: To describe the medial-sided pathoanatomy and ligament injuries in acute MLKIs with medial-sided involvement andlook forassociated injury patterns based upon location of ligamentous injury.

Methods: Patients who underwent treatment for MLKI at two level-1 trauma centers were identified between January 2001 and May 2023. Only cases involvingcomplete disruption of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) were included.

Long-term Follow-up for Successful Salvage of Knee Dislocation Complicated by Infection: A Case Report.

Case: A 44-year-old morbidly obese man suffered an ultra-low velocity knee dislocation with anterior and posterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament tears after falling from a stationary bike. He underwent open reduction, external fixator application, and multiligamentous reconstruction. Postoperatively, he developed septic arthritis requiring debridement, graft removal, and antibiotic therapy, with eventual conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Outcomes of medial collateral ligament reconstruction with suture-augmented semitendinosus autograft.

Purpose: This study evaluates patient-reported outcomes among patients who underwent medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction with suture-augmented semitendinosus autograft (SASA).

Methods: Patients who underwent SASA MCL reconstruction between 2017 and 2022 participated in preoperative and postoperative surveys for patient-reported outcomes: Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS), and Veterans Rand 12 (VR-12). Paired t-tests were performed to compare preoperative and postoperative scores.

An Olympic Skier Returning to Competition After a Complex Knee Reconstruction: A Case Report.

Alpine skiing is a high-risk sport due to the possibility of severe injuries, particularly complex knee injuries. The most common injuries are ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), meniscal tears and fractures of the lower limbs. Managing these injuries requires ligament reconstructions and specific surgical interventions to optimize rehabilitation and ensure a return to competition.

Adjustable Loop Fixation in Multi-ligament Knee Injuries: A Technical Note.

Adjustable Loop Fixation devices (ALD) were introduced to allow tensioning and re-tensioning while increasing flexibility of graft length in the bone tunnel. ALDs have shown comparable clinical and biomechanical results when used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. We routinely use ALDs in multi-ligament knee reconstructions.

Combined AMRI and ALRI of the Knee in Elite Kabaddi Players: A Prospective Cohort Study of 26 Players.

Introduction: ACL tears are the most common injuries in kabaddi, an inherently violent high pivoting and high-velocity direct contact sport. Combined ACL and MCL injuries and combined ACL and ALL injuries have been better understood but there is a lacuna of literature on these combined injuries in kabaddi players and no literature on combined AMRI and ALRI injuries. The present prospective cohort study aims to assess knee outcomes and return to sport for these injuries in elite kabaddi players.

Clinical Results of Isolated MCL Grade III Injury in Acute and Chronic Setting: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is frequently involved in injuries around the knee but is uncommonly treated surgically. There are various techniques to reconstruct the medial side of the knee, which have varying outcomes.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to describe the clinical results of surgical management of acute and chronic isolated grade III MCL injury using various functional scores, such as IKDC, Lysholm, and VAS, and to ascertain complication rates associated with these interventions.

Effect of Graft Choice for ACL Reconstruction on Clinical Outcomes in Combined ACL and MCL Injuries: Comparison Between Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone and Hamstring Autografts.

The optimal graft, particularly in combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries, remains controversial. We evaluated the influence of graft choice between bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and hamstring autografts on clinical outcomes in combined ACL and MCL injuries. This retrospective analysis included patients with concurrent ACL and MCL injuries who underwent single-bundle ACL reconstruction with BPTB (group B) or hamstring (group H) grafts, between 2010 and 2019, with a ≥2-year follow-up.

MCL pie crusting for concomitant medial meniscal surgery does not appear to adversely influence primary ACL reconstruction functional outcomes.

Objectives: Medial collateral ligament "pie-crusting" (MCLPC), selective release of the superficial MCL, has been shown to improve the arthroscopic access to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus without adversely affecting the outcomes of isolated meniscal surgery. However, whether MCL PC, to address concomitant meniscal lesions during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery, adversely affects ACLR outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether patients who had undergone MCLPC at the time of ACLR had similar post outcomes to patients undergoing isolated ACLR.

MCL augmentation using a peroneus longus split tendon autograft satisfactorily restores knee stability with no impairment in foot function and with a low failure rate for concurrent ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: Addressing grade 2 and 3 medial-sided instabilities during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is crucial to reduce the risk of ACL graft failure. This study introduced a minimally invasive, medial collateral ligament (MCL) augmentation technique using a peroneus longus split tendon autograft, which was fixed to the femoral deep MCL insertion and tibial superficial MCL insertion.

Methods: This prospective, longitudinal, single-centre case series included patients who underwent MCL augmentation concurrent with primary or revision ACL reconstruction due to anteromedial instability.

Physical Therapy Approaches for Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fractures: A Case Report.

Multi-ligament knee injury, involving complex destruction of structures like the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), presents significant challenges in treatment as well as diagnosis. This case study focuses on a 55-year-old woman who was the victim of a severe traffic accident and had an ACL and PCL avulsion fracture, a medial condyle fracture, and a medial collateral ligament rupture. Afterward, open reduction and internal fixation of the right tibial plateau surgery was performed after a delay in order to manage the pain and swelling.

Twenty year analysis of professional men's rugby union knee injuries from the English premiership shows high rates and burden.

Objectives: To determine the rates, severity and burden of knee injuries in professional male rugby union from the English Premiership.

Methods: Injury and exposure data were captured over 20 seasons using a prospective cohort design. Knee injury incidence, days' absence and burden were recorded for each injury type and by pitch surface type for match and training.