Preschool wheezing and asthma in children: A systematic review of guidelines and quality appraisal with the AGREE II instrument.

Background: Asthma-like symptoms in preschool children, such as wheezing and dyspnea, are common time- and resource-consuming diagnostic and management challenges. Quality of wheezing and asthma recommendations varies. The purpose of this study, carried out by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Task Force for Preschool Wheeze, was to systematically review and assess the quality of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of preschool wheezing and/or asthma.

Validity of the Korebalance Balance System in Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

Objective: Balance is impaired in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Balance can be assessed with several tests and balance assessment systems. In our study, we investigated validity of Korebalance Balance System (KBS).

Long-term Effects of Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia on Auditory and Neurological Functions in Term Newborns.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of hyperbilirubinemia on neurological and hearing function in otherwise healthy term newborns with neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia.

Method: This study was performed prospectively in 41 term newborns hospitalized for indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Patients with no signs of hemolysis were categorized in 3 groups based on stabil levels as sTB <20 mg/dl, 20-24.

Efficacy and safety profile of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin in convulsive status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures in children.

Purpose: Although phenytoin is one of the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), it has potential serious side effects and drug interactions. Levetiracetam is a relatively newer AED with favorable pharmacokinetics and could be an effective and safer option for the treatment of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety profile of intravenous levetiracetam and phenytoin as second-line treatment agents in children with CSE and acute repetitive seizures (ARS).

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in small infants unable to swallow safely.

Background: Data about percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertions in small infants are limited, and most studies include older children. We aimed to evaluate the safety of PEG placement in infants weighing ≤5 kg together with their follow-up results.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation was made of records between January 2005 and December 2019.

The importance of the epinephrine provocation test for the hidden type-1 congenital long QT syndrome.

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic channelopathy associated with a high incidence of sudden cardiac death in children and young adults. QT interval prolongation is typically the primary finding on the electrocardiography (ECG) recordings, but a normal QT interval may be seen in as many as 40% of patients with LQTS due to incomplete penetrance. A normal QT interval on ECG in patients with LQTS is known as hidden LQTS.

A novel, low-cost and practical illumination approach for bimanual vitrectomy.

Objective: The present study aims to describe a novel, low-cost, transconjunctival sutureless bimanual vitrectomy illumination approach and evaluate its surgical outcome.

Methods: Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with the above-mentioned technique were included in this study. Four trocars were placed in superotemporal, inferotemporal, inferonasal and superonasal quadrants.

Pediatricians' Attitude in Management of Acute Bronchiolitis: Did Guidelines Overcome Practices?

Acute bronchiolitis is one of the most common diseases of early childhood. There are many recent changes in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment approaches to acute bronchiolitis among clinicians and to observe compliance with clinical guidelines.

Validation of the Turkish version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-OV28 ovarian cancer specific quality of life questionnaire.

Objective: To examine reliability and validity of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-OV28 questionnaire into the Turkish language according to the instructions provided by EORTC.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-seven patients who were diagnosed as having ovarian cancer and treated between January 2005 and June 2010 with an expected survival time of at least 3 months, were enrolled into the study. The exclusion criteria were diagnoses of any disease that could disrupt consciousness and concurrent malignancies.

Effects of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve in patients with endometrioma and dermoid cyst.

Objective: To compare the effects of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve between women with endometrioma and dermoid cyst.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six patients were diagnosed as having endometrioma (group A) and 32 patients with dermoid cyst (group B) using ultrasonography. Preoperative anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were measured and unilateral antral follicle counts (AFC) were calculated for the ovary side containing the cyst.

Current clinician perspective on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant use in challenging clinical cases.

Objective: The evolution of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants (NOACs) has changed the horizon of stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (SPAF). All 4 NOACs have been tested against dose-adjusted warfarin in well-designed, pivotal, phase III, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and were approved by regulatory authorities for an SPAF indication. However, as traditional RCTs, these trials have important weaknesses, largely related to their complex structure and patient participation, which was limited by strict inclusion and extensive exclusion criteria.

Subcorneal hematoma as an imitator of acral melanoma: Dermoscopic diagnosis.

Objective: There are few studies investigating dermoscopic features of subcorneal hematoma, which is one of the imitators of acral melanoma. In this study, we aimed to describe dermoscopic findings of SH which will facilitate the diagnosis by reducing the use of invasive procedures.

Methods: This study included patients with subcorneal hematoma.

Evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions in a pediatric population.

Aim: A large number of medications are prescribed in pediatric clinics and this leads to the development of drug-drug interactions (DDI) that may complicate the course of the disease. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions, to categorize main drug classes involved in severe drug-drug interactions and to highlight clinically relevant DDIs in a pediatric population.

Material And Methods: A total of 1500 prescriptions during the 12-month study period were retrospectively reviewed; 510 prescriptions that comprised two or more drugs were included in study.

Long-term follow-up results of patients with ADCK4 mutations who have been diagnosed in the asymptomatic period: effects of early initiation of CoQ10 supplementation.

Atmaca M, Gülhan B, Atayar E, Karabay Bayazıt A, Candan C, Arıcı M, Topaloğlu R, Özaltın F. Long-term follow-up results of patients with ADCK4 mutations who have been diagnosed in the asymptomatic period: effects of early initiation of CoQ10 supplementation. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 657-663.

Risk factors affecting post-traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome development in thoracic trauma patients.

Background: This study aims to investigate the risk factors affecting post-traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome development in thoracic trauma patients.

Methods: This two-centered, retrospective study included 3,080 thoracic trauma patients (2,562 males, 518 females; mean age 33.9±19.

Transaortic repair of concomitant mitral insufficiency in patients with critical aortic stenosis undergoing aortic valvular replacement.

Background: In this study, we present operation technique and outcomes of transaortic mitral valve repair in high-risk patients undergoing aortic valve replacement due to severe aortic stenosis.

Methods: Between January 2005 and March 2016, a total of 11 patients (7 females, 4 males; mean age 71.2±4.

The pharmacists' ability to use pressurized metered-dose inhalers with a spacer device and factors affecting it.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacists' ability to use pMDIs with a spacer device and the factors that affect this ability. Face to face interviews were conducted with the pharmacists. A nine item questionnaire was completed and the checklist for how to use pMDIs with a spacer device was filled out.

Human milk mycobiota composition: relationship with gestational age, delivery mode, and birth weight.

Intestinal and human milk microbiota studies during infancy have shown variations according to geographical location, delivery mode, gestational age, and mother-related factors during pregnancy. In this study, we performed metagenomic mycobiota analyses of 44 transient and mature human milk among five different groups: mothers of normal spontaneous delivery-term (NS-T), caesarean delivery-term (CS-T), premature (PT), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Fungi were detected in 80 out of the 88 samples.

The characteristics of the patients in mass public shootings among coup attempt in Turkey: A single-center hospital response.

Background: Turkey is an experienced country for both military and civilian mass casualties that arise from explosions and shootings by various terrorist groups. In this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of patient flow admitted to our hospital caused by primarily gunshot wounds during the coup attempts on the 15th of July.

Methods: This descriptive, retrospective study included a total of 50 patients who were injured during a coup attempt on the date of July 15, 2016, and admitted to our emergency department (ED).

The behavioral and neurochemical effects of methylprednisolone or metyrapone in a post-traumatic stress disorder rat model.

Objective: Mechanisms contributing to the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that involve several physiological systems, and the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is one of the most known systems in the PTSD pathophysiology. The present study investigates the potential effects of methylprednisolone, metyrapone and their association with the noradrenergic system within the rostral pons, a region containing the locus coeruleus (LC) in a rat model of PTSD induced with predator scent.

Methods: In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to the stress by exposure to the scent of dirty cat litter, which is a natural stressor of a predator.

The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning for Medical Students.

Objective: Lifelong Learning is a voluntary and self-motivated form of learning that lasts from birth to death for personal and professional reasons. As medical science has a dynamic nature, the knowledge gained in the faculty of medicine mostly will not be enough in the later professional life. The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the JeffSPLL-MS© in Turkish.

Nutritional Aspect of Cancer Care in Medical Oncology Patients.

Purpose: Awareness of advances in the nutritional aspects of cancer care and translation of this information into clinical practice are important for oncology practitioners to effectively couple oncologic and nutritional approaches throughout the cancer journey. The goal of this consensus statement by a panel of medical oncologists was to provide practical and implementable guidance addressing nutritional aspects of cancer care from the perspective of the medical oncologist.

Methods: A panel of medical oncologists agreed on a series of statements supported by scientific evidence and expert clinical opinion.

Major problems, current characteristics and future career plans of obstetrics and gynecology residents in Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate the current problems and future career plans of obstetrics and gynecology residents in Turkey.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a survey was conducted with 143 trainees from 25 cities in different regions of Turkey. The questionnaire, which was sent via e-mail to all available trainees, consisted of four parts: information on hospitals, number and variety of surgical interventions, scientific activities, and current problems.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma, Corticosteroid, and Physical Therapy in Subacromial Impingement Syndrome.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate and compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection, corticosteroid injection, and physical therapy in addition to exercise treatment on pain, shoulder functions, and quality of life in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS).

Patients And Methods: Ninety patients (37 males, 53 females; mean age 48.99 years; range, 33 to 60 years) who were diagnosed as Stage 2 SAIS were included in the study.